2021-2022新教材外研版英语选择性必修第二册课后练习UNIT5ADELICATEWORLD（三）DEVELOPINGIDEASWORD版含解析

UNIT5课下题型练(三)DevelopingideasⅠ.阅读理解ASeedsonIceClosetotheNorthPole,theremoteandrockyplateaumountainintheNorwegianarchipelagoofSvalbardseemsanunlikelyspotforanyglobalefforttosafeguardagriculture.Inthiscoldanddesertedenvironment,nograins,nogardens,notreescangrow.Yetattheendofa130­meter­longtunnelcutoutofsolidstoneisaroomfilledwithhumanity'smostprecioustreasure,thelargestandmostdiverseseedcollection—morethanahalf­billionseeds.Aquietrescuemissionisunderway.Withgrowingevidencethatuncheckedclimatechangewillseriouslyaffectfoodproductionandthreatenthediversityofcropsaroundtheworld,theSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultrepresentsamajorsteptowardsensuringthepreservationofhundredsofthousandsofcropvarieties.Thisisaseedcollection,butmoreimportantly,itisacollectionofthetraitsfoundwithintheseeds：thegenesthatgiveonevarietyresistancetoaparticularpestandanothervarietytoleranceforhot,dryweather.Fewpeoplewilleverseeorcomeintocontactwiththecontentsofthisvault.Insealedboxes,behindmultiplelockeddoors,monitoredbyelectronicsecuritysystems,envelopedinbelow­zerotemperatures,andsurroundedbytonsofrock,hundredsofmillionsofseedsareprotectedintheirmountainfortress.Frozeninsuchconditionsinsidethemountain，seedsofmostmajorcropswillremainviableforhundredsofyears,orlonger.Seedsofsomearecapableofretainingtheirabilitytogrowforthousandsofyears.EveryonecanlookbacknowandsaythattheSeedVaultwasagoodandobviousidea,andthatofcoursetheNorwegiangovernmentshouldhaveapprovedandfundedit.Butbackin2004,whentheSeedVaultwasproposed,itwasviewedasacrazy,impractical,andexpensiveidea.Weknewthatnothingwouldprovideadefiniteguarantee.Butweweretired,fedup,andfranklyscaredofthesteadylossesofcropdiversity.TheSeedVaultwasbuiltbyoptimistswhowantedtodosomethingtopreserveoptionssothathumanityandthecropsmightbebetterpreparedforchange.Ifitsimplyresuppliedseedgenebankswithsamplesthosegenebankshadlost,thiswouldrepayourefforts.TheSeedVaultisabouthopeandcommitment—aboutwhatcanbedoneifcountriescometogetherandworkcooperativelytoaccomplishsomethingsignificant,long­lasting,andworthyofwhoweareandwishtobe.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了种子基因库，也就是为未来的农业储存多种种子的地方。1．What'stheSeedVaultaccordingtothepassage?A．Atunnelwherethecollectedseedsaredisplayed.B．Astoneroomthatcontainstheseedsofendangeredcrops.C．Aseedgenebankthatstoresdiverseseedsforfutureagriculture.D．Alabwhereresearchersstudyhowtomaintainthediversityofcrops.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的内容及第二段中的theSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultrepresentsamajorsteptowardsensuringthepreservationofhundredsofthousandsofcropvarieties可知，theSeedVault是一个种子基因库，储存不同的种子备未来之用。故选择C项。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“viable”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Mature. B．Clean.C．Alive. D．Valuable.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据画线词后的Seedsofsomearecapableofretainingtheirabilitytogrowforthousandsofyears.可知，有些种子能保持数千年的生长能力。所以画线词的意义应与之一致，即“可生存的”。故选择C项。3．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellsus?A．Howtheseedsarepreserved.B．Wherepeoplekeeptheseeds.C．Whytheseedsareprotected.D．Whatpeopledotostudytheseeds.解析：选A段落大意题。根据第三段中的Insealedboxes,behindmultiplelockeddoors,monitoredbyelectronicsecuritysystems,envelopedinbelow­zerotemperatures,andsurroundedbytonsofrock可知，该段主要介绍种子基因库的储存条件，故选择A项。4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．TheSeedVaultoffersasolutiontoclimatechange.B．Mostcountriestookpartinrescuingtheseedvarieties.C．TheSeedVaultguaranteestopreventthelossofcropdiversity.D．ManypeopleoriginallyconsideredbuildingtheSeedVaultunwise.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，回过头来看，现在每个人都可以说种子库显而易见是一个好主意，挪威政府当然应该批准并资助它。但早在2004年，当种子库这个想法被提出的时候，它被认为是一个疯狂、不切实际和昂贵的想法。由此推断D项正确。BCitiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness(荒野)．Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow­coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche(雪崩)onceclosedthepath,killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo—toseewheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity—itspresentpopulationis762.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大城市道森市的兴衰史。5．WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?A．Itsbusinessculture.B．Itssmallpopulation.C．Itsgeographicalposition.D．Itsfavourableclimate.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段前两句可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置。6．WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?ATwo­thirdsofthemstayedthere.B．Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.C．Almosteveryonegaveup.D．Halfofthemdied.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段中Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.可知，在最初挖黄金的20,000人中有4,000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了。7．WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?A．Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.B．Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.C．Theywereunabletostandthewinter.D．Theywereshortoffood.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段中andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome可知，人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在阿拉斯加发现了黄金。由此可以推断出，这些人匆忙离开这里去阿拉斯加是要去碰碰运气，寻找发财的机会。8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theriseandfallofacity.B．ThegoldrushinCanada.C．Journeysintothewilderness.D．TourisminDawson.解析：选A主旨大意题。本文第一段第一句话提出一个城市之所以在那个地方通常是有其充分的理由的，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍了人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文论述了Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故选A项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Californiawillbethefirststatetobanthesaleandmanufactureofnewfurproducts.1Itwillgointoeffecton1January2023.California'sfurlawwasoneofseveralbillsdesignedtopreventcrueltytoanimals.“Californiaisaleaderwhenitcomestoanimalprotectionandtodaythatleadershipincludesbanningthesaleoffur，”saidGovernorNewsominanewsreport.“2Wearemakingastatementtotheworldthatbeautifulwildanimalslikebearsandtigershavenoplaceontrapeze(高空秋千)wiresorjumpingthroughflames.”3MorethanadozenEuropeancountries,includingtheUnitedKingdom,Austria,NorwayandtheNetherlandshavealsopassedlawstolimitthefurtrade.4“Thesigningofthebanshowsthepointthattoday'scustomerssimplydon'twantwildanimalstosufferextremepainandfearwhilekeepingupwiththefashion，”saidKittyBlock,presidentandCEOofTheHumaneSocietyoftheUnitedStatesandpresidentofHumaneSocietyInternational.Noteveryone,however,waspleasedwiththeban.Banningthekillingofanimalsfortheirfurmeanskillingthefurbusiness,saysHyatt,anownerofafurstore.5Manyretailersarealsoendingfursales.Inmid­October,Macy's(American'sdepartmentstore)announceditwillstopfurfromallitsstoresbytheendof2020.Thestoreswillalsocloseallfurvaultsandsalons.OtherfashionbrandssuchasPrada,Gucci,MichaelKorsandBurberryhavetakensimilarstepsinrecentyears.A．Butwearedoingmorethanthat.B．Californiaistakingtheleadinprotectinganimals.C．Similarlawshavebeencarriedoutgloballyalready.D．Andthatinturnwillleavemanypeopleunemployed.E．TwootherCaliforniacitieshadalreadybannedfursales.F．Notsurprisingly,thebaniswelcomedbyanimalrightsactivists.G．Thebanappliestoclothing,shoes,handbagsandotherthingsthatcontainfur.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了加州通过了一项禁止销售和生产新毛皮产品的法律及对其实施后可能出现的问题的探讨。1．选G结合空前句可知，加州将是第一个禁止销售和生产新毛皮产品的州。因此，接下来讲述的是这个禁令适用于哪些产品。G项(该禁令适用于服装、鞋子、手提包和其他含有毛皮的物品)符合文意。2．选A根据上文可知，加州在动物保护方面所做的措施增加了禁止销售毛皮的细节；根据空后句可知，像熊和老虎这样珍贵的野生动物，不应该出现在空中飞人的钢丝上，也不应该在火焰中跳跃。因此，本空论述的是在单纯的禁止销售毛皮措施外，加州也向全世界宣告保护野生动物的重要性。A项(但我们做的远不止这些)符合文意。3．选C结合空后句可知，十多个欧洲国家，包括英国、奥地利、挪威和荷兰，也通过了限制毛皮贸易的法律。因此，本空内容是讲述除了加州之外，还有其他国家也通过了类似的法律。C项(类似的法律已