2018年10月自考00832英语词汇学试题及答案含解析

英语词汇学年月真题

00832201810

1、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbedefinedasaword?

man

for

A:

ment

B:

blackmail

C:

答D:案：C

解析：该题考查对词汇和词缀的理解，只有C选项是后缀，其他都是可以独立使用的单

词，所以C项是正确选项。

2、【单选题】ThedifferencesbetweensoundandformareNOTdueto_________.

innovationsmadebylinguists

stabilizationofspellingbyprinting

A:

influenceoftheworkofscribes

B:

thefactofmorephonemesthanlettersinEnglish

C:

答D:案：A

解析：该题考察的是词汇的声音和词形的关系。声音与形式本应该是一致的，但是，由于

三个理由：音与字母的不匹配，抄写者的失误，印刷术使得拼写固定下来。因此，A选项

不是原因，符合题意。

3、【单选题】Wordsmayfallintonativewordsandborrowedwordsby_________.

notion

origin

A:

function

B:

usefrequency

C:

答D:案：B

解析：词语的分类有不同的标准，按照notion分类，词汇有实词和虚词；按照

usefrequency来分，词汇有基本词汇和非基本词汇；按照语言产生的源头看，可以分为本

族语和外来语，因此答案为B。

4、【单选题】_________meansanoldformwhichtakesonanewmeaningtomeetthe

newneed.

Borrowing

Creation

A:

Semanticchange

B:

Loaning

C:

答D:案：C

解析：本题考查词汇发展的模式，有创词，外来语和语义变化，老词有新意是语义变化的

结果，因此选答案C。

5、【单选题】Thelanguageusedbetween1150and1500iscalled_________English.

Old

Middle

A:

Contemporary

B:

Modem

C:

答D:案：B

解析：本题考查英语发展史的阶段，450-1150是oldEnglish古英语时期，1150-1500

是middleEnglish中古英语时期，1500至今未modernEnglish现代英语时期。因此，B

为正确答案。

6、【单选题】InMiddleEnglishvocabulary,wecanfindwordsrelatingtoevery

aspectofhumansociety,e.g.government,law,food,fashionandsoon.Whichof

thefollowingwordsdoesNOTbelongtothem?

wechat

bacon

A:

judge

B:

power

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本题考查middleEnglish词汇特点，wechat是当代的词汇，因此答案为A。

7、【单选题】Structurally,manywordscanbeseparatedintoevensmaller

meaningfulunits.Forexample,denaturalizationcanbebrokendowninto___________.

de-,natura-,lize-,ation

dena-,ture,al-,lizet,ation

A:

de-,nature,al,ize,ation

B:

de-,natu,real,ize,ation

C:

D:

答案：C

解析：本题考查词语构成中的词素。只有选项C中各个因素是正确的。

8、【单选题】Themorphemeofplurality/-s/ispronouncedas/s/incats,/z/in

bags,and/iz/inmatches.Thisexampleshows___________.

morphemesareabstractunits

allomorphsarephoneticallyconditionedandthuspredictable

A:

morphsareactualspoken,minimalcarriersofmeaning

B:

monomorphemicwordscoincidewithwordsandfunctionfreelyinasentence

C:

答D:案：B

解析：根据题干，复数形式的发音体现的是词素变体，

9、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingwordsistheexampleoffreemorphemes?

men

teeth

A:

worker

B:

anger

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本题考查freemorpheme的定义，独立于任何词素的词素。

10、【单选题】Thefollowingwordshaveprefixesoftimeororder

EXCEPT___________.

bilingual

ex-student

A:

foretell

B:

post-election

C:

答D:案：A

解析：考查表达时间的前缀内容。Ex-前，fore-前，post-后，只有A中的bi-表达的不

是时间或者顺序，因此A为正确选择。

11、【单选题】Agreenhandisan“inexperiencedperson”,notahandthatis

greenincolor.Thisexampleshowsthatcompoundsaredifferentfromfreephrases

in_______feature.

phonetic

semantic

A:

grammatical

B:

lexical

C:

答D:案：B

解析：考查合成词的语义构成，它的意义与它的组成部分各自的词义关系不是很密切，因

此选B。

12、【单选题】Omnibushasgivenwaytoitsshortenedformbus.Thisisthe

exampleof_______inwordformation.

acronymy

clipping

A:

compounding

B:

conversion

C:

答D:案：B

解析：考查wordformation各种形式的特点，题干中的例子是截掉单词开头部分，因此

是clipping的方式，因此答案选B。

13、【单选题】_______,whichisbeyondlanguage,istheresultofhuman

cognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.

Reference

Motivation

A:

Sense

B:

Concept

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本题解题从选项出发，其中三个词是和meaning的定义有关，所以从查找定义可以

更快地解决问题。

14、【单选题】ThefollowingwordsareonomatopoeticallymotivatedEXCEPT_______.

blow

quack

A:

miaow

B:

hiss

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本题考查意义的理据motivation中的onomatopoeticallymotivated,声音理据，

因此，只有A不属于这类。

15、【单选题】Themeaningsofmanywordsoftenrelatedirectlytotheirorigins.

Inthissense,wordshave_______motivation.

onomatopoeic

morphological

A:

semantic

B:

etymological

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本题考查对于语义的motivation的掌握，题干中提及origin，因此答案是D。

16、【单选题】Fromasynchronicpointofview,thebasicmeaningofawordis

the_______.

primarymeaning

derivedmeaning

A:

centralMeaning

B:

secondarymeaning

C:

答D:案：C

解析：本题考查polysemy这个概念从共时性来考虑它的名称，共时性中设计central

meaning和minormeaning.历时性涉及的概念是primarymeaning和derivedmeaning.因

此，答案选C。

17、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOTthederivedmeaningofthewordface?

Thefrontofthehead.

Outwardaspect.

A:

surfaceofathing.

B:

Theexpressionofthecountenance.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本题考查历时角度对于face这个单词的意义的掌握，从历时的角度看，意义有

primarymeaning和derivedmeaning。题干中问下面选项哪一个不是derivedmeaning,A

是primarymeaning,因此A为答案。

18、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingpairsareabsolutesynonyms?

large/tremendous

stagger/reel

A:

alter/vary

B:

scarlet-fever/scarlatina

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本题考查绝对同义词的定义的理解。

19、【单选题】Theprocessbywhichawordwhichoriginallyhadaspecialized

meaninghasnowbecomegeneralizedis_______ofword-meaning.

transfer

elevation

A:

narrowing

B:

extension

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本题考查对于词义变化类型的变化，extension和narrowing是一对概念，

elevation和degradation是一对概念。根据定义内容和题干信息，D为答案。

20、【单选题】_______reasonisreflectedinthemeaningchangeoftheword

computer,frompersonwhocomputes”to“electronicmachine”.

Class

Historical

A:

Scientific

B:

Psychological

C:

答D:案：B

解析：本题考查语义变化的原因，四个选项分别都是原因，根据定义和题干信息，答案为

B。

21、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingistheinternalfactorwithinthelanguage

systemthatcauseschangesinword-meaning?

Analogy

Contrast

A:

Historicalreason

B:

Psychologicalneed

C:

答D:案：A

解析：本题考查语义变化中的内部因素，即语言因素，四个选项中只有A是相关内容

22、【单选题】Asmostwordshavemorethanonemeaning,itisoftenimpossible

totellthemeaningofawordbeforeitisusedin_______.

context

texts

A:

conversation

B:

writing

C:

答D:案：A

解析：题干中提及一词多义性，要确定一个单词的含义需要具体的上下文，因此，A为正

确答案。

23、【单选题】Thattheworddomeansdifferentlyin“doacity”，“doasum”

and“dotheflowers”showsthat_______contextaffectsthemeaningofwords.

extra-linguistic

grammatical

A:

lexical

B:

semantic

C:

答D:案：C

解析：本题考察的是影响词汇意义的因素，题干中几个词组中do的含义不同，取决于与

之搭配的词汇含义。因此，C为正确答案。

24、【单选题】WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheroleofcontext?

Eliminationofambiguity.

Indicationofreferents.

A:

Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.

B:

Simplificationofmeaning.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本题考查的是context的作用，D不是context的作用。

25、【单选题】Whichofthefollowingisatrueidiom?

makefriendswith

breaksilence

A:

intheraw

B:

C:

turnoveranewleaf

答D:案：C

解析：本题考查idiom的定义内容，组成习语的单词的意思与习语的含义无直接关系，它

有其结构的稳定性。Intheraw和raw的含义无关，指的是裸体。

26、【单选题】Amongthefollowingidioms,“_______’’isanidiomadverbialin

nature.

fleshandblood

upintheair

A:

aspoorasachurchmouse

B:

toothandnail

C:

答D:案：D

解析：B本题考查习语的性质，A指的亲戚，名词性的。B不是习语。C是形容词性的，D

是个副词短语。

27、【单选题】AllofthefollowingarestylisticfeaturesEXCEPT_______.

colloquialisms

slang

A:

literaryexpressions

B:

rhymes

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本题考查的是习语的文体特征，有A，B，C的内容，没有rhymes,因此答案是D。

28、【单选题】In_______theheadwordorentriesaredefinedandillustratedin

thesamelanguage.

monolingualdictionaries

bilingualdictionaries

A:

linguisticdictionaries

B:

encyclopediadictionaries

C:

答D:案：A

解析：有题干得知这种词典词条和解释都用同一种语言，属于单语词典。因此A是正确

答案。

29、【单选题】Usagenotesandlanguagenotesinadictionaryexplainthe

followingEXCEPT_______.

importantBritishandAmericandifferences

difficultpointsofgrammarandstyle

A:

informationconcerningtheoriginsofwords

B:

theslightdifferencesbetweenwordsofsimilarmeanings

C:

答D:案：C

解析：本题考查词典内容中usagenotes和languagenotes的内容。

30、【单选题】ThefollowingaresomeuniquefeaturesofCollinsCOBUILDEnglish

LanguageDictionary（1987）EXCEPT_______.

definition

extracolumn

A:

usageexamples

B:

cleargrammarcodes

C:

答D:案：D

解析：本题考查的是CollinsCOBUILDEnglishLanguageDictionary(1987)这本词典的

特点，该题答案是D。

31、【问答题】WhatarethethreemainsourcesofnewwordsinPresent-day

English?

答案：Therapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology;social,economic

andpoliticalchanges;andtheinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguages.

解析：考查新词产生的三个源头。

32、【问答题】Inwhatwayaretheunderlinedwordsformedinthefollowing

sentences?1）Hewolfeddownhislunch.2）Thereisnomilkinthefridge,3）

Theheadmasterisaneasy-goingman,4）YouhavetoshowyourIDbeforechecking

inthehotel.5）Ipromisedtobabysitformyneighborthisweekend.

答案：【答案1】conversion

解析：题干中wolf这个名词加了过去式的后缀，说明这个是名词转换成动词，用的方法

应该是转换法。题干中划线词汇用的截短法构成，完整词形是refrigerator.题干中划线

单词由两个单词easy和going组成，用的合成法构成的单词。题干中划线单词是通过截

短法构成。题干中划线单词是由babysitter这个词通过逆生法形成的。

33、【问答题】Whatarethetypesofantonyms?Explainthetypesofantonymswith

thefollowingexamplewords:sell/buy,same/different,old/young.

答案：Contradictorytermsaresoopposedtoeachotherthattheyare

mutuallyexclusiveandadmitnopossibilitybetweenthem,suchas

same/different.Contrarytermsarebestviewedintermsofascalerunning

betweentwopolesorextremes,suchasold/young.Relativetermsconsistof

relationalopposites,suchassell/buy.Suchpairofwordsindicatessucha

reciprocalsocialrelationshipthatoneofthemcannotbeusedwithout

suggestingtheother.

解析：考查反义词的类型

34、【问答题】Howarecontextcluesusedinthesentence“Thevillagehadmost

oftheusualamenities:apub,alibrary,apostoffice,avillagehall,amedical

centre,andaschool.,??

答案：Hyponymyisusedasacontextclueinthissentence.Superordinates

andsubordinatesoftendefineandexplaineachother,thusformingan

importantcontextclue.Thewordsafteramenitiesaresubordinates,which

provideageneralideaofthemeaningofamenity.

解析：考查点是猜测词义的上下文线索，这些线索有定义、解释、例证、同义词、反义

词、上下义祠、相关细节和词的细节等。

35、【问答题】1）nicknamen.→tonickname2）bottle-feedingn.→tobottle-

feedUsetheaboveexamplestodiscussinwhatwaycompoundverbsaregenerally

formed?

答案：Alimitednumberofverbsarecreatedeitherthroughconversionorback-

formation.Conversionistheformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsof

oneclasstoanotherclass.Thisisamethodofturningwordsofonepart

ofspeechtothoseofadifferentpartofspeech.Forexample,thenoun

nicknamecanbeconvertedintoaverb.Back-formationisthemethodofcreating

wordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixes.Inthecaseofbottle-feeding,the

back-formedverbcompoundbottle-feedisformedbydroppingthesuffix–ing.

解析：题干中所给单词都是名词动词化，第一个nickname用的是conversion的方法，第

二个tobottle-feed，用的是逆生法。

36、【问答题】Illustratethedifferencesbetweensynonymsbyanalyzingthe

followinggroupsofsynonyms.1）richandwealthy2）ask,begandrequest3）

allowandlet

答案：Thedifferencesbetweensynonymsboildowntothreeareas:

denotation,connotationandapplication.(1)Differenceindenotation.Synonyms

maydifferintherangeandintensityofmeaning.Somesynonymsmaydifferin

degreeofintensity.Forgroup1),arichmanandawealthyladyarebothrich

butawealthyladyisfelttopossessmoremoneyandpropertythanarich

man.(2)Differenceinconnotation.Byconnotation,wemeanthestylisticand

emotivecolouringofwords.Somewordshavethesamedenotationbutdifferin

theirstylisticappropriateness.Forgroup2),askisstylisticallyneutral,

begisoftenusedinconversation,andrequestisquiteformalin

style.(3)Differenceinapplication.Manywordsaresynonymousinmeaningbut

differentinusageinsimpleterms.Theyformdifferentcollocationsandfit

intodifferentsentencepatterns.Forgroup3),answerisatransitiveverb

andtakesdirectobjectwhilereplyisanintransitiveverbandneeds

aprepositiontofunctiontransitively.Thereforewesayanswertheletter

butreplytotheletter.Nevertheless,wecansayanswerthedoor,whilereply

tothedoorisunacceptable.

解析：这道题考查的是同义词的区分，主要有三个层面：denotation,connotation,和

application。

37、【填空题】Itisgenerallyagreedthatthewrittenformofanaturallanguage

isthewrittenrecordofthe_______form.

答案：oral

解析：对词汇的基本知识的考查。

38、【填空题】AftertheRomans,theGermanictribescalledAngles,Saxons,and

JutescameanddominatedtheBritishIsles.NowpeoplegenerallyrefertoAnglo-

Saxonas_______English.

答案：Old

解析：考查英语发展的知识。最早的Anglo-Saxon人的语言被称作古英语。

39、【填空题】Morphemeswhichareindependentofothermorphemesare_________

morphemes.

答案：free

解析：考查词素的种类的知识，能独立使用的词素就是自由词素。

40、【填空题】Comicmeans“ofcomedy”,whilecomicalmeans“funny”.This

exampleshowsthatboth–icand-icalcanbeaffixedtothesamestem,butdiffer

in_______.

答案：meaning

解析：考查后缀的不同含义。

41、【填空题】Thesenseofanexpressionisitsplaceinasystemof_________

relationshipwithotherexpressionsinthelanguage.

答案：semantic

解析：考查意义中sense的含义。

42、【填空题】Wordslikebearwhichmeansboth“alargeheavyanimal”and

‘"toputupwith”arecalled_______

答案：(perfect)homonyms

解析：考查完全同形异义词的定义，

43、【填空题】Theprocessbywhichthewordwifeusedtomean“woman”butnow

means“amarriedwoman”is_________ofword-meaning.

答案：narrowing

解析：考查语义变化的特点，wife由泛指妇女到专门指的是已婚妇女，这