中考英语总复习-提分特训精讲-第二编-题型解法指导-专题五-阅读理解(含任务型阅读)材料市赛课公开课

专题五

阅读了解(含任务型阅读)1/271.阅读了解题主要考查考生综合利用所学语言知识能力,包含阅读能力、了解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对阅读材料评定能力。试题中所选阅读文章题材广泛,包括政治、经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科技等各个方面。体裁多样,包含记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、说明等各种文体。2.中考对阅读了解考查重点:(1)依据上下文和构词法推断、了解生词含义;(2)掌握段落中句与句之间逻辑关系;(3)归纳文章主题,了解故事情节,预测故事情节发展和可能结局;(4)依据不一样阅读目标,利用简单阅读策略获取主要信息,按要求完成题目。3.考查主要方式:选择型阅读了解和任务型阅读了解。2/274.在做此题时,要注意以下几个方面:(1)做好阅读预测依据文章标题(副标题)、插图以及相关背景知识和社会生活经验,对文章大致内容进行预测。然后阅读文章第一段,并对自己预测进行验证、纠正,同时抓住主题句、关键词,从而更加好地从整体上去了解和把握文章中心。(2)依据主题句定短文中心主题句通常置于段落开头,有时在段落末尾和中间,其它句子通惯用来说明和阐述主题句。若把一个个主题句加以整理,就能悟出其中心思想,同时还能够回避、排除个别生词、难句(等困难信号)所带来干扰。但也有一些文章中心思想常贯通在全文中,因而要综观全文,对全文有一个透彻了解。(3)掌握详细事实和主要细节阅读文章时,要培养识别和记忆详细事实、主要细节习惯。3/27(4)利用构词法、语境线索等来推测关键词义在阅读文章过程中,经常会碰到一些生词,假如不知道这些词义就会妨碍了解。但大部分生词是能够依据上下文,结合构词法,或借助文章中语境线索来帮助猜测词义。这有利于考生加紧阅读速度,提升阅读了解能力。(5)改进阅读方式学会扫读(scanning),快速浏览全文,经过把握主题句领会文章大意,辨析文体,掌握篇章结构,进而抓住文章中心。学会跳读(skipping),在浏览全文基础上进行跳读,以回答个别事实细节性问题。有些细节性问题不能直接在短文中找到答案,必须进行必要综合、归纳、转换才能取得。这些细节问题通常包括数据、时间、人称、代词指代、动作行为关联、动作行为者与承受者、地点和空间、表示方式、因果、条件、内涵与外延等。4/27题型1题型2题型1选择型阅读了解典例1ManyfamilieswithchildrenspendtheirsummerholidaysinVineyard.OneofthepopularplacesforfamiliesistheFlyingHorsesCarousel(旋转木马).Theybuiltthecolorfulhorsesin1876.AndoneofthebestplacesforchildrentoswimatistheJosephbeach.ThewaterthereiswarmerandcalmerthanthatatsomeoftheotherVineyardbeaches.Peoplecanwalkthroughmorethanninekilometersoffields.Theycanlearnabouttheplantsandanimalsontheisland.Peoplecanalsositonthebeachtowatchthesunset.Asthesungoesdowninthesky,itpaintsyellow,red,andothercolorsontheclouds.5/27题型1题型2ManysummervisitorsalsotraveltoNantucket.It’sanotherislandnearMassachusetts.Visitorslikethisislandbecauseofitsbeaches,itsopenlandanditstrees.NantucketissmallerthanVineyard.ThenameoftheonlytownonNantucketIslandisalsoNantucket.Manyvisitorssaythemostinterestingpartofthetownistheareaofhomes.Theislandisfamousforitssmallgrayhouseswithroses(玫瑰)growingonthem.MostvisitorswhogotobothNantucketandVineyardenjoyalmosteverythingabouttheislands.Thecrowdsduringthewarmseasonleadto(造成)heavytrafficandlonglinesforservices.Yet,mostvisitorsreallyenjoytheirholidaysinVineyardandNantucket.6/27题型1题型2答案解析解析关闭细节了解题。由第一段第四、五句“AndoneofthebestplacesforchildrentoswimatistheJosephbeach.ThewaterthereiswarmerandcalmerthanthatatsomeoftheotherVineyardbeaches.”可知答案。答案解析关闭A1.WhydochildrenliketoswimattheJosephbeach?A.Becausethewaterthereiswarmerandcalmer.B.Becausetheirparentsliketoswimthere.C.Becausetheycanplaygamesthere.D.Becauserosesaregrowingonit.7/27题型1题型22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sunset”mean?A.打鱼

B.彩虹C.日出 D.日落

答案解析解析关闭词义猜测题。由下一句中”Asthesungoesdown...(当太阳落下去时候)”可知该词义为“日落”。答案解析关闭D8/27题型1题型2答案解析解析关闭细节了解题。由第二段倒数第二句“Manyvisitorssaythemostinterestingpartofthetownistheareaofhomes.”可知答案。答案解析关闭B3.ThemostinterestingpartofthetownofNantucketis

.

A.theFlyingHorsesCarouselB.theareaofhomesC.thebeautifulrosesD.thebeautifulbeaches9/27题型1题型24.AretheretoomanyvisitorsinNantucketandVineyardinsummer?A.No,therearen’t. B.Yes,thereare.C.Wedon’tknow. D.Wehopeso.答案解析解析关闭推理判断题。从最终一段倒数第二句可知,在温暖季节,拥挤人群造成交通堵塞并形成等候长队,所以推断在夏季游客很多。答案解析关闭B10/27题型1题型25.What’sthemainideaofthisarticle?A.Howtospendsummerholidays.B.Vineyardisagoodplacetovisit.C.Nantucketisfamousforitssmallgrayhouses.D.Thetwoislands—VineyardandNantucket.答案解析解析关闭主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了Vineyard和Nantucket这两个适合夏天旅游岛屿。答案解析关闭D11/27题型1题型2

方法突破1.词义猜测题:①依据上下文内容猜测词义。如:...most

of

us

agreed,however,Bill

dissented...大部分人同意,从however

一词可推知dissent

意思为“不一样意”。②依据背景知识猜测词义。③依据文章中所举例子猜测词义。如:...The

Germans

are

very

hard-working.They

like

tidiness,especially

the

women,who

always

keep

their

homes

clean...A.整齐

B.平静

C.时尚

D.随意12/27题型1题型2做这个题目时,要依据后文内容来进行推测。由后文especially

the

women,who

always

keep

their

homes

clean...“尤其是妇女,总是把家保持得很洁净……”可推知:德国人喜欢是洁净、整齐。所以选A项符合题意。④依据语法知识猜测词义。⑤依据构词法猜测词义。13/27题型1题型22.细节了解题:①把握次序标准。②把握定位词标准。如例文中“...the

most

interesting

part

of

the

town...”是第3小题解题关键词。③把握排除法标准。3.推理判断题:①抓住关键信息进行正向或逆向推理。如例文中“The

crowds

during

the

warm

season

lead

to(造成)heavy

traffic

and

long

lines

for

services.”是解答第4小题依据,造成了交通堵塞和人们排起长队原因,是游人众多。②整合全文信息进行推断。③利用语境褒贬性进行信息推断。14/27题型1题型24.主旨大意题:①重点阅读语篇首尾和各段首尾,寻找主题句。②注意出现频率较高词语,文章中关键词经常屡次出现,它常蕴含着文章中心思想。如例文中屡次出现Vineyard和Nantucket这两个词,且全文为之展开描述。所以在第5小题中,D项就是例文中心。③概括性较强选项优先,片面选项勿选。15/27题型1题型2The33-year-oldCannavarooncehelpedItalytogetitsfourthWorldCuptitle.Thistime,hecompetedwithtwostrikersZineZidaneandRinaldinho.Hefinallybeatthem.Alotofpeoplesaidthisawardshouldhavegonetoastriker.ButCannavarohasagainbeatenthisview.CannavarolearnedtoplayfootballinatownofNaples,Italy.Later,hebecameaballboyatthecity’sstadium.ThatwasbeforeheenteredtheSeriesAgameinhiscountry.16/27题型1题型2WhiletheItalianfootballclubswerecriticized(批评)becauseofscandals(丑闻),hesetarolemodelbytryinghisbesttodowellineverymatch.Ithasencouragedotherplayersandgivenhopetothecountry’sfootballspirit.Cannavarostandsoutmostforhisleadership.AscaptainofItalyattheWorldCup,heknewhowtobringoutthecountry’sdefensivetradition.AlotoftopdefenderswereborninItaly.17/27题型1题型2答案解析解析关闭细节了解题。由短文第一段二、三句以及下文可知,有些人认为球场上前锋才能得到掌声,不过FabioCannavaro证实这一观点是错,即每个人都能拿到最高奖。故选D项。答案解析关闭D1.Whichofthefollowingideawillthewriteragree?A.Thestrikerswhomakethegoalsshouldwintheloudestapplause.B.Strikersaretheonlyheroesthatcangetthetopawards.C.OnlyforwardsandmidfielderscangetanawardliketheFIFAWorldPlayer.D.Thetopawardmaygotoanywonderfulplayer.18/27题型1题型2答案解析解析关闭细节了解题。由短文倒数第一、二段可知,C项正确。答案解析关闭C2.According

to

the

passage,which

of

the

following

is

TRUE?A.Cannavaro

appears

in

every

match

of

the

Italy.B.Cannavaro

beat

Zine

Zidane

and

Rinaldinho,and

that’s

why

he

won

the

Golden

Ball

Award.C.Cannavaro

contributes

a

lot

to

helping

his

country’s

team.D.Cannavaro

himself

thought

the

top

award

should

be

given

to

a

striker.19/27题型1题型2答案解析解析关闭推理判断题。由倒数第一段第一、二句可知,Cannavaro被选为队长是因为其领导力,故选A项。答案解析关闭A3.Cannavaro

was

chosen

to

be

captain

of

Italy

because

of

.

A.his

leadership

B.his

nationalityC.his

spirit

D.his

role20/27题型1题型2答案解析解析关闭事件排序题。将选项定位到文中对应位置,可知事件发生先后次序是c-a-d-b,故选B项。答案解析关闭B

4.Put

the

following

statements

into

the

right

order.a.Become

a

ball

boy

at

the

city’s

stadium.b.Win

the

FIFA

player

of

the

Year

award.c.Learn

to

play

football

in

a

town

of

Naples.d.Enter

the

Series

A

game

in

his

country.A.a-c-d-b

B.c-a-d-b

C.a-d-c-b

D.c-a-b-d21/27题型1题型2答案解析解析关闭标题概括题。本文主要讲述了作为后卫FabioCannavaro取得了足球最高奖项及其成就。故选B项。答案解析关闭B5.Which

is

the

best

title

for

the

passage?A.The

FIFA

Player

of

the

Year

AwardB.Defender

Wins

Big

Football

AwardC.The

American

Footballer

Fabio

CannavaroD.Cannavaro

and

His

Team22/27题型1题型2题型2任务型阅读了解典例2阅读下面短文,依据短文内容完成句子。Afewdaysago,Iraninto(撞上)astrangerashepassedby.Isaidsorrytohim,andhesaid,“Excusemetoo,Iwasn’tevenwatchingforyou.”Wewereverypolite,thisstrangerandI.Thenwewentonourwayaftersayinggoodbye.Laterinthekitchenathome,asIcookedourmeal,mydaughterBettywalkeduptome,veryquietly.WhenIturnedaround(转身),Inearlyknockedherdown.“Getoutoftheway!”Ishoutedangrily.Sheranaway,crying.Thatnight,whenIlayinbed,myhusbandsaidtome,“YouweresorudetoBetty.Goandlookaroundonthekitchenfloor,andyou’llfindsomeflowersthere.Bettybroughtthoseforyou.Shepickedthemherself—pink,yellow,andyourfavoriteblue.”23/27题型1题型2WhenIheardthis,Ithoughtdeeply:Whilemeetingwithastranger,Iwascalmandpolite;butwithmydaughter,Iwasnotpatient(耐心).Ifeltsadandtearsbegantofall.IquietlywenttoBetty’sbed,“Wakeup,mydear,”Isaid,“Aretheseflowersyoupickedforme?”Shesmiled,“Ifoundthembythetree.Iknewyou’dlikethem,especiallytheblue.”Isaid,“IamsosorrythatItreated(对待)youthatwaytoday.”Andshewhispered(悄声说),“Mommy,that’sokay—Istillloveyouanyway.”Ikissedherandsaid,“IloveyoutooandIdolovetheflowers.”ThatdayBettygavemealessononhowtogetalongwitheachotherinthefamily.Ispentmuchtimeonworkbeforeanddidn’trealizehowimportantfamilylifewas.Idecidedtodobetterinthefuture.24/27题型1题型21.Thewriter

toastrangerwhensheranintohim.

2.WhenthewriternearlyknockedBettydown,she

ather.