高二英语模块五;Unit3语言知识教学案

高二英语模块五;Unit3语言学问教学案m5u3语言学问

1、arecentannouncementbyscientiststhattheyhavesuccessfullyclonedthefirsthumanembryohascausedmuchdebateandhasshockedmanypeoplearoundtheworld.

该句中that引导同位语从句，作名词announcement的同位成份。

同位语从句通常放在fact,news,promise,idea,truth,suggestion,word,belief,decision,doubt等词后面，对前面的名词作进一步修饰，限制或说明。引导同位语从句的词除that外；还有连接副词how,when,where,why等。

①haveyouanyidea?

(公司发生了什么事吗？)

②wordcamefrommary.

(会议昨天已被推迟)

③hedidn’tgivemeanyadvice.

(我该如何解决这道数学题)

④hegavemeasuggestion/proposal.

(我该多专心于学习)

2、ontheonehand,somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo,youcanproducevaluabletissuesandorgansthatcouldbeusedtosavehumanlives.

这是一个复合句，第一个that引导一个宾语从句，而在宾语从句中又包含一个条件状语从句；其次个that引导一个定语从句，修饰tissuesandorgans.

①myfatherpromised.

(假设我通过考试，他会给我买一新自行车)

②myfathermadeapromise.

(假设我通过考试，他会给我买一新自行车)

on(the)onehand…ontheotherhand…

一方面……另一方面……前一个the可以省略，后一个the不能省略。

iwanttogoonatrip.on(the)onehandilikeit;(另一方面我有钱)

英语中常用的表示列举的词汇还有:

foronething,…foranother首先…其次…

first(ly),…second(ly)…第一…其次…

3、ontheotherhand,manypeople,includingsomescientists,disagreeandfearthatifmankindinterfereswithnatureinthisway,theymaybeontheirwaytoproducingareal-lifefranklin’smonster.

onone’s/thewaytodoing即将要做某事

onone’sway+n.在……路上

ontheway+adv.在……途中

thewaytodo/ofdoing做……方法

①heisontheway(即将成为一名优秀的老师).

②howdoyoufindthewaytheythinkof(解决这个问题)?

③don’tbeangry,theyare(在回家的路上).

相关短语互译：

inaway挡路；碍事决不；决非

顺便说一句inthis/thatwaybytheway

bywayofmakeone’swayfeelone’sway

fightone’swaypushone’swayleadtheway

迷路

4、whilecloninghumanembryosisillegalinmanycountries,somescientistsare–alreadypushingaheadwithresearchsoastodeliveraclonedhumanbaby.

while引导一个让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”；soastodeliver=inordertodeliver…动词不定式表目的。

写出以下各句的while的意思。

①whileiacceptthatheisnotperfect,idoactuallyliketheperson.

②johncameinwhileiwastypingaletter.

③somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven’tenough.

④youdon’thavetoworrywhilewearehere.

pushaheadwith推动；推行

itishard(这样一个政策是很难推行下去的)

相关短语：

pushsth.forwardgoahead

aheadoftimeaheadof

译：1、他在我前面五米远跑着。

2、你得提前两天请假。

deliver在这里的意思是“接生，使分娩”，该词还有“投递；释放；表达”等意思。

①themorningmail.(刚刚投递出去)

②thespeech(deliver)bytheprofessorwassomoving.

③herbaby(被接生)byanexperienceddoctor.

相关短语：

deliversth.tosb.deliveramessage/aletter/deliveraspeech.

5、ifihadthechance,iwouldhaveaclonedbabytomorrow.本句为if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，表示不行能实现的状况。

①ifi(come)hereyesterday,iwouldhaveseenhim.

②ifi(be)ateacher,i(be)strictwithmystudents.

③ifit(snow)tomorrow,they(not/go)out.

留意：上面三句假如去掉if，从句那么要局部倒装。将助动词或情态动词置于句首。例：

①iateacher,iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.

②(假如你那时听我的话)，

youwouldn’thavemadethemistake.

留意：有时虚拟条件不用从句，而用介词(without,butfor等)或上下文示意条件来表示。

①whatakindteacher!butforhishelp,imystudy.

a.wouldn’tfinishb.wouldn’thavefinished

c.shouldn’thavefinishedd.mustn’thavefinished

②withoutair,we(can/live).

6、wecouldproducemonster,orevenasuperhumanracethatcouldonedayendupreplacingus.

endup“以……而告终”后接此时此刻分词，类似短语有endupwith/in后一般加名词。

①ifyoucontinuelikethis,youwillendup(lift)astoneonlytohaveitdropon

yourownfoot.

②wastefulpeopleusually(陷入债务)

③ourparty(以一首英文歌完毕).

replacevt.代替，取代，放回，置于原处

①replaceadictionaryontheshelf.

②cananything?(取代母亲的爱和关切吗？)

表示“代替”的词或词组：instead/insteadof/inplaceofsb./insb’splace/taketheplaceofsb.

7、noteverythingthatisbestfornatureisgoodforpeople.此句是局部否认。

英语中的all,both,each,everybody,everything,complete,always,entirely,altogether等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否认词not连用，构成局部否认，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。

译：①hedoesnotalwaysplayfootball.

②nobothbrothersarehere.

③everythingisn’tready.

④allofthemarenothere.

全部否认的词有：no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,noone,nowhere,nomore,noway等。

①—anathletecannotplayhisbestincompetitions.

—yes,itdependsuponhismentalandphysicalstate.

a.everb.sometimesc.alwaysd.never

②iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butidon’tagreewith.

a.everythingb.anythingc.somethingd.nothing

8、thedevelopinganddevelopedcountriesoftheworldneedtoworktogethertoensurethatpeopleenjoyhealthyandproductivelives,withouttheenvironmentaroundthemsuffering.

不定式短语toensure作目的状语，that引导的从句作ensure的宾语，without引导的介词复合构造作状语。

介词with/without+宾语+宾补构造如下：

with+n./pron.+adj.

with+n./pron.+adv.

with+n./pron.+介词短语

with+n./pron.+动词—ed形式

with+n./pron.+动词—ing形式

with+n./pron.+动词不定式

with+n./pron.+n.

①theoldmanhadtostayinthestation,/

(口袋里没有一分钱)

②(作业做好了),peterwentouttoplay.

③(有许多作业要做),petercan’tgoouttoplay.

④icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise.

a.goingonb.goesonc.wentond.togoon

⑤withastick(小棍是我唯一的武器),ifoughtagainstthethief.

⑥(有那小男孩带路),wehadnodifficultyfindingherhome.

⑦ilikesleeping(窗户开着)and(灯关了).

9.theverygenesthatmakecropsresistanttopestsanddiseasecouldbeharmfultoanimals.

“very”在这里是形容词，意思是“同一的，正是的”如：

①thesearethewordsheused.这就是他的原话。

②(这正是我昨天丢失的手机).

10.wouldanyonesaythateconomicdevelopmentshouldbestoppedinfavourofnature?

短语infavourof意思是“有利于；赞同。”后接名词、代词或动名词。

①weare(赞成改革).

②italkedtomyfriendaboutit,andhe’sall.

(赞同放弃这个准备)

相关短语：

insb’sfavourasksb.afavour

dosb.afavour

答案

1、①whathashappenedinthecompany.

②thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff.

③howishouldsolvethismathsproblem.

④thatishouldconcentratemoreonmystudies.

2、①thatifipassedtheexam,hewouldbuymeanewbike.

②thatifipassedtheexam,hewouldbuymeanewbike.

ontheotherhandihavesomemoney

3、①tobecomingagoodteacher

②tosolvetheproblem

③onthewayhome

在某种程度上/阻碍/决不/在任何方面/用这种/那种方法/顺便问一下/经由/前进/摸索着前进/奋力前进/挤着前进/带路/迷路

4、①尽管；②当…时候；③然而；④只要

topushaheadwithsuchapolicy

提出某事/前进(请吧/用吧)/提前/在…之前(空间/时间)/(比…好)

①hewasrunning5metresaheadofme.②