2015年10月自考00603英语写作试题及答案含解析

英语写作年月真题

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1、【问答题】EnjoyingYourCampingTripEachyear,thousandsofpeoplechooseto

spendtheirvacationscampinginthetentinthegreatoutdoors.With

properplanningtheexperiencecanbegratifying.Evenwiththebest

planning,however,tentcampingcanbeanextremelyfrustratingexperiencedue

touncontrolledfactorssuchasbadweather,wildlifeencounters,and

equipmentfailures.Nothingcandampentheexcitedanticipationofcampingmore

thanadark,rainyday.Afterreachingtheirdestination,campersmustthen"set

upcamp"inthedownpour.Thisincludeskeepingtheinsideofthetentdryandfree

frommud,gettingthesleepingbagssituatedproperly,andprotectingfoodfrom

thedownpour.Windmixedwithraincanresultinfrigidtemperatures,causingany

outsideactivitiestobedelayed.Often,tentsareblowndownbythewind,and

campershavetobeginthefrustratingtaskof"settingupcamp"inthedownpour.

Anotherproblemlikelytobefacedduringacampingtripisrun-inswithwildlife,

whichcanrangefrommildlyannoyingtodangerous.Minorinconveniencesinclude

mosquitoesandants.Theswarmingofmosquitoescanliterallydriveannoyed

campersindoors.Antsdonotusuallyattackcampers,butkeepingthemoutofthe

foodcanbequiteaninconvenience.Inadditiontoswarmingthefood,antsinside

atentcancrawlintosleepingbagsandclothing.Althoughtheseinsectscause

minordiscomfort,somewildlifeencountersarepotentiallydangerous.Thereare

manypoisonoussnakesinthewoods.Anencounterbetweenanunwarycamperand

asurprisedsnakecanprovetobefatal.Perhapstheleastseriouscampingtroubles

areequipmentfailures;thesetroublesoftenplaguepeoplecampingforthefirst

time.Theyarriveatthecampsiteatnightandhaphazardlysetuptheirtent.They

thensettledownforapeacefulnight'srest.Sometimeduringthenightthe

campersareawakenedbyahugecrash.Thetenthasfallendown.Sleepily,they

proceedtosetupthetentintherain.Inthemorning,everyoneemergesfromthe

tent,exceptfortwo.Theirsleepingbagzippershavegottencaught.Finally,

afterfifteenminutesofstruggling,theyfreethemselves,onlytorealizeanother

problem.Theirsleepingbagshavebeentouchingthesidesofthetent.Sincea

tentisonlywaterproofifthesidesarenottouched,thesleepingbagsand

clothingarealldrenched._______________________________

答案：Thesethreetypesofcampingtroublescanstrikecampersalmost

anywhere.Untilsomebrilliantscientistinventsaweathermachinetocontrol

badweatherorakindofwildliferepellant,unluckycamperswillcontinue

toshaketheirfistsinfrustration.Morethanlikely,equipmentwillcontinue

tomalfunction.Evenso,campingcontinuestobeafavoritepastimeofpeople

allacrosstheUnitedStates.Ifyouwantcampingtobeahappyexperience

foryou,learntolaughatleakytents,badweather,andbugs,oryouwill

findyourselffrustratedandunhappy.

解析：仔细阅读该篇章，我们可以看出本文属于说明文，缺省的内容是应该是作为

summary的最后一段。thesisstatement是补全文章内容的基础和指针。一个合格的

thesisstatement不但是全文的中心思想句，还进一步明确并限制了每一个主体段落的大

体内容及行文方式。这类题目旨在考察学生对thesisstatement作用的认识以及学生对文

章的Unity和Coherence的把握。本文的thesisstatement是：Evenwiththebest

planning,however,tentcampingcanbeanextremelyfrustratingexperiencedue

touncontrolledfactorssuchasbadweather,wildlifeencounters,andequipment

failures.第一至第三主体段中写的是不同程度的frustratingexperience缺失的部分

应该是简单总结诸多因素造成的令人抓狂的野营经历，这样，我们要总结的内容也就很自

然的出来了，完成本题似乎也不那么复杂了。详见参考答案。

2、【问答题】WhatMakesanExceptionalLeader?OnDecember14,1911,Norwegian

explorerRoaldAmundsenandhisteammadehistoryasthefirstexpeditiontoreach

theSouthPole.Thirty-fivedayslater,onJanuary17,1912,British

explorerRobertFalconScottreachedtheSouthPole,withfiveexhaustedmen.

Nonesurvivedthebrutaljourneyhome.AnothernotedBritishexplorer,Sir

ErnestShackleton,neverreachedtheSouthPole.Whilefailingtoachievethe

firstoverlandcrossingofAntarctica,Shackletonsucceededinbringingall

27membersofhisexpeditionpartysafelyhome,after634daysof

unbelievablehardship.ThepolaradventuresofShackleton,Scott，andAmundsen

providefundamentalleadershiplessonsforanyleader-nomatterwhatracemustbe

run.Effectiveleadershiprequiresaclearstrategicfocus.Withsingle-

mindeddetermination,Amundsensethisplansandprioritiesonwinningtherace

totheSouthPole,forthegloryofstandingtherefirst.Scottlackedsuchfocus.

Heassembledthebestscientificmindsandequipmentavailablefor

anunprecedentedresearchexpedition.Buthealsoaimedtoc1aimthe"reward

ofpriority"fortheBritishEmpire.Strivingforbothgoa1s,Scottfaileddoubly.

Successfulleadersareopentonewideas.AsaNorwegian,Amundsenbeganwithan

advantageoverhisBritishrivals:comfortwithskiing.Yet,hecontinuedto

refinehisskills,importingideasfromtheEskimosanddevelopinganintegrated

setofcompetencies-skiing,dog-handling,clothing,andcarefully-planneddiet,

pace,andrest-forpolartravel.ScottandShackleton,however,weresurprisingly

resistanttotheuseofnovelmethods.Ultimately,bothreliedontheslow,

exhaustingtechniqueofmanhauling.Leadersneedtodrawonthecollectivewisdom

oftheteam.Asaleader,Scottbelieveditwashisuniqueresponsibilityto

analyzesituationsanddrawconclusions.Hisdecisionswerecloselyheldand

sometimesrevealedatthelastminute.InsharpcontrasttoScott,bothAmundsen

andShackletonsoughtideasandopinionsfromtheirmen.Throughthisprocess,

AmundsenandShackletongaveteammembersasenseofcontrolandvalue,resulting

ingreaterownershipandcommitment.Thebestleadersforgestrongbonds.

Despitetheirdifferencesinpersonality,theenthusiasticShackletonand

theunderstatedAmundsenhadstrikinglysimilarapproachestoleadership.Bothwere

acutelysensitivetotheemotionsoftheirmenandskilledatmanagingconflict.

Bothemphasizedindividualabilityaboverankorsocialstatus.Andboth

participatedineverydayexpeditionlife,includingsimplechores.Thesebehaviors,

bothpracticalandsymbolic,reinforcedthemessageofunity.AlthoughScott's

doomedpolarpartystayedtogetheruntiltheveryend,hisdetachment,emphasison

hierarchy,andone-sideddecision-makingstylecreatedbarrierstoteamunityand

damagedmorale.Flawsaside,Shackleton,Amundsen,andScottsharedqualities-

exceptionalperseverance,determination,andcourage-thatarecrucialforany

leader.Leadershipsuccessisoftenrelativeandalwayspersonal.Amundsenledhis

teamandlandedontheSouthPolesuccessfully;Scottandhismenreachedthe

SouthPole,butnoneofthemsurvivedthejourneyhome;Shackletonfailedin

achievinghisgoalofcrossingAntarctica,butheledhisteamtosafetythrough

extremehardship.WasShackletonasuccessorafailureasaleader?Theanswer

dependsonhowyoumeasuresuccess.TopicOutline

答案：Topic:WhatMakesanExceptionalLeader?Thesis:Thepolaradventures

ofShackleton,Scott，andAmundsenprovidefundamentalleadershiplessonsfor

anyleader-nomatterwhatracemustberun.Outline:Iaclearstrategic

focusAexperienceofAmundsenBexperienceofScottIIbeingopentonew

ideasAexperienceofAmundsenBexperienceofScottandShackletonIIIdrawingon

thecollectivewisdomoftheteamAexperienceofScottBexperienceofAmundsen

andShackletonIVforgingstrongbondsAexperienceofShackletonand

AmundsenBexperienceofScottVconclusion:exceptionalperseverance,

determinationandcourageascrucialqualitiesforanyleader

解析：一般来讲，提纲有两种常见类型，即Topicoutline和Sentenceoutline。前者是

指用文中的关键词和短语（Thesis除外）组成的提纲，而后者则指用主谓结构俱全的句子

组成的提纲。比较而言，前者较难把握。本题要求的是一个Topicoutline，且中心思想句

中包含了关键。本文的中心思想句（Thesis）是：Thepolaradventuresof

Shackleton,Scott，andAmundsenprovidefundamentalleadershiplessonsforany

leader-nomatterwhatracemustberun.阅读全文，我们可以看出明显的结构特征，主

体展开推进是通过逐一列出leader的必要特质，然后突显出其重要性和实践过程中造成

的影响，从而明确了相应的现实意义和指导意义。详见参考答案。

3、【问答题】Intheirsparetime,somepeoplepreferstayingathomeenjoying

themselves,andsomelikegoingoutforfun.Whichdoyouprefer?Writea300-

wordexpositoryessaytoexpressyouropinion.

答案：Intheirsparetime,somepeoplepreferstayingathomeenjoying

themselves,andsomelikegoingoutforfun.Whichdoyouprefer?Somepeople

prefertostayathome.Theycanstaywiththeirfamiliesandhavemore

flexibletimetodowhattheylike.Theyalsocanusetheirleisuretimeto

preparefortheirstudyorwork.Inaddition,theycansavemuchmoneytodo

otherthings.However,theylosethechanceofenjoyingthebeautyofnature

andtouchingtheoutsideworldpersonally.However,othersareinfavorofgoing

outforfun.Theyfigureoutthatgoingout,especiallyfortravailing,

providesgreatopportunitiesforthemtotrysomethingfreshandinteresting.

Theycanenrichtheirknowledgeandbroadentheirhorizons.Therearevarious

choicestomake.Theycangotoaparkw