高考阅读理解专题课件高三英语二轮复习

阅读理解

高考专题复习[近3年考情分析]考试年份试卷名称篇目考查体裁主题语境文章话题篇章词数命题考点细节理解推理判断主旨大意词句猜测2022全国甲卷A应用文人与社会英国加的夫市的剧院2876531B说明文人与自然鹦鹉辨物实验246C记叙文人与自我南极洲之旅300D夹叙夹议文人与社会悉尼新旧文化冲突332考试年份试卷名称篇目考查体裁主题语境文章话题篇章词数命题考点细节理解推理判断主旨大意词句猜测2022全国乙卷A应用文人与社会苏格兰画展2238511B书评人与社会两名女性支教的故事310C说明文人与社会无人机在铁路运营中的应用305D说明文人与社会英国征收糖税降低儿童肥胖率311考试年份试卷名称篇目考查体裁主题语境文章话题篇章词数命题考点细节理解推理判断主旨大意词句猜测2021全国甲卷A应用文人与社会年度风光摄影师大奖2346711B说明文人与自然

黑犀牛繁育项目251C记叙文人与自我滑板运动带来的归属感327D议论文人与社会“天才”的判断标准290考试年份试卷名称篇目考查体裁主题语境文章话题篇章词数命题考点细节理解推理判断主旨大意词句猜测2021全国乙卷A应用文人与社会世界上最大的几个体育场2307521B说明文人与社会座机的使用306C记叙文人与自然塑料污染268D说明文人与社会适度噪声的好处330考试年份试卷名称篇目考查体裁主题语境文章话题篇章词数命题考点细节理解推理判断主旨大意词句猜测2020全国卷ⅠA应用文人与社会乘坐火车的相关信息2127521B夹叙夹议文人与自我重读书籍286C说明文人与社会竞走运动303D说明文人与自然发光植物317考试年份试卷名称篇目考查体裁主题语境文章话题篇章词数命题考点细节理解推理判断主旨大意词句猜测2020全国卷ⅡA应用文人与社会景点介绍2738322B说明文人与社会智力游戏对儿童的影响244C说明文人与自然海狸鼠的皮毛322D记叙文人与自我对图书馆的热爱331考试年份试卷名称篇目考查体裁主题语境文章话题篇章词数命题考点细节理解推理判断主旨大意词句猜测2020全国卷ⅢA应用文人与社会历史文化之旅2287431B记叙文人与自然动物演员在电影行业中的应用234C说明文人与社会家庭生活方式317D说明文人与社会人类的进化292命题规律：1.文章体裁稳定，话题丰富多样，彰显语言与文化结合。语言材料围绕人与自我，人与社会，人与自然三大主题，内容涉及人物故事，前沿科技，环境保护和优秀传统文化。2.阅读材料时代和人文气息浓厚，更趋向与原汁原味近几年高考阅读所节选的材料基本上都来自英文报刊或者媒体网站，这就增加了词汇量和学生阅读的难度。3.重点考查学生的精细化阅读能力，突出深层次推理和概括能力。通过近三年命题可以发现，细节理解和推理判断占主要部分，15个选择题占据11到13个而且细节理解题在文中的答题信息变得较为隐蔽，不再是只通过只言片语就能确定答案，而是需综合信息才能确定答案1细节理解【例1】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero.B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest.D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.解析：A细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词submit和theduedate可定位到原文关键句“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.”，比对选项和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。综合细节题——同义转述【例2】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A．Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B．Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C．Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D．Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“thearugulastory”可定位到信息句“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad...IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.”；由信息句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西，而又没有完全用掉，所以无意中浪费了食物。unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义转述。数字计算(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)GroupSizeWerequireonechaperone(监护人)pertenchildren.Failuretoprovideenoughchaperoneswillresultinanextrachargeof$50perabsentadult.GroupPlayisforgroupsof10ormorewithalimitof35people.Forgroupsof35ormore,pleasecalltodiscussoptionsHowmanychaperonesareneededforagroupof30childrentovisittheMuseum?A．One.

B．Two.C．Three. D．Four.解析：数字计算题。根据题干可定位到原文

“Werequireonechaperonepertenchildren.”可知，每10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。2.推理判断【例1】(2022·全国乙卷阅读D)Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(设施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A．Itisashort-sighteddecision. B．Itisasuccessstory.C．Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D．Itupsetscustomers.解析：隐含推断题。根据题干定位于“Today'sfigures...showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishaving...inschools.”，

揣摩此细节可知，糖税政策的实施产生了积极的影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑，由此可推断该政策是成功的。【例2】(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)Overthelastsevenyears，moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers，andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem，byjustaboutanymeasure，appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A．Ineffective.

B．Unnecessary.C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair.解析：观点态度题。根据“依据措辞定态度”的方法并结合第一段内容以及第二段中的“Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”可推知，美国对司机发短信的禁令是无效的。(2022·全国乙卷阅读B)InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牵涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(坚忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”Whatisthetext?A．Anewsreport.

B．Abookreview.C．Achildren'sstory.D．Adiaryentry.解析：B文章类型题。

根据文章中的“InWickenden'sbook”“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.”以及“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.”可推知，本文是一篇书评，介绍了一本书。3.词句猜测(2021·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)WhentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinentofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitioussportsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat(栖息地).(paragraph1)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Acquire.

B．Export.C．Destroy. D．Distribute.解析：利用逻辑关系猜测词义。根据画线词所在句中的Unfortunately可判断，画线词所在句与上文形成转折关系。上文讲到探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆生机勃勃，美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源。因此画线词所在句应与上文意义相反，讲述这些资源受到的破坏——探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就将大部4.主旨大意(2022·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewat