2021年4月自考00595英语阅读一试题及答案含解析

英语阅读（一）年月真题

0059520214

1、【单选题】**Passage1****QuestionsIto5arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**"Myfavoritepairofjeanshasfinallyblownaholeintheknee!I'm

soexcitedtothrowthemout,clearmyplansfortheday,andheadtothemall

toshopforanewpairofjeans!"Saidnooneever.Shoppingforapairofjeans

wassosimplewhenIwasyounger.Igrabbedmysizeandwentdirectlytothecash

register.Butsomewherealongthelineitgotsomuchmorecomplicated.Last

weekendIwenttotheMallofAmericainsearchofanewpairofjeans.Andthat

iswhenmyragereachednewheights.I'vehadtroublefindingtheperfectpairof

jeansinthepast,butneverquitelikethis.Thiswasdenim(牛仔布)nightmare.I

wenttoninedifferentstoresandprobablytriedonthousandsofdifferentpairs.

Skinnyjeans,flarejeans,boyfriendfit,lowrise,bell-bottom,highwaisted-even

thedreadedslimfit--andstillnothingwasworking.Anddon'tevengetmestarted

onthesizingsituation.IfeellikeeverystoreIwalkintoIhaveadifferent

jeansize.There'swaistsizing,whichis24through32,andthenthere'sU.S.

sizing,whichisdoublezerothrough14.Andthatdoesn'tevenincludelength.

It'salottotakein.Andit'snotjustthedenim,it'severythingthatcomes

alongwithtryingondenim.It'sthesqueezingofskin,thehorrificdressingroom

lightingandtheexhaustingdanceyouhavetodoeverytimeyou'retryingtoget

thejeansoveryourbottom.Inadeterminedattempttosavethishorrible

experienceofshoppingendlesshoursfordenim,ImademywaytotheSmith'sstore.

Iusuallywouldn'twalkintoSmith'sbecauseIdon'tliketospendmorethan$50

onapairofjeans,butIhadreachedmybreakingpoint.Afterall,Smith'sisone

ofgooddesignersofbluejeans.Andthey'vebeenmakingjeansfordecades.So,

Ithinktheyhaveaprettygoodgriponwhatgreatdeniminvolves.Unfortunately,

stillnothing.Myspiritwasbroken.Maybetheperfectpairofbluejeansjust

isn'tinthecardsforme.Withthatbeingsaid,I'vecometotheconclusionthat

I'mgoingtoliveinleggings(女式紧身裤)fortherestofmylife.Whatdoesthe

authorimplyinparagraph1?

Therewerefewershopssellingjeansthanbefore.

Itwasdifficulttofindtimetowashjeans.

A:

Itwasnoeasytobuydesirablejeans.

B:

Jeanswerenotaspopularastheyhadbeen.

C:

答D:案：C

2、【单选题】**Passage1****QuestionsIto5arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**"Myfavoritepairofjeanshasfinallyblownaholeintheknee!I'm

soexcitedtothrowthemout,clearmyplansfortheday,andheadtothemall

toshopforanewpairofjeans!"Saidnooneever.Shoppingforapairofjeans

wassosimplewhenIwasyounger.Igrabbedmysizeandwentdirectlytothecash

register.Butsomewherealongthelineitgotsomuchmorecomplicated.Last

weekendIwenttotheMallofAmericainsearchofanewpairofjeans.Andthat

iswhenmyragereachednewheights.I'vehadtroublefindingtheperfectpairof

jeansinthepast,butneverquitelikethis.Thiswasdenim(牛仔布)nightmare.I

wenttoninedifferentstoresandprobablytriedonthousandsofdifferentpairs.

Skinnyjeans,flarejeans,boyfriendfit,lowrise,bell-bottom,highwaisted-even

thedreadedslimfit--andstillnothingwasworking.Anddon'tevengetmestarted

onthesizingsituation.IfeellikeeverystoreIwalkintoIhaveadifferent

jeansize.There'swaistsizing,whichis24through32,andthenthere'sU.S.

sizing,whichisdoublezerothrough14.Andthatdoesn'tevenincludelength.

It'salottotakein.Andit'snotjustthedenim,it'severythingthatcomes

alongwithtryingondenim.It'sthesqueezingofskin,thehorrificdressingroom

lightingandtheexhaustingdanceyouhavetodoeverytimeyou'retryingtoget

thejeansoveryourbottom.Inadeterminedattempttosavethishorrible

experienceofshoppingendlesshoursfordenim,ImademywaytotheSmith'sstore.

Iusuallywouldn'twalkintoSmith'sbecauseIdon'tliketospendmorethan$50

onapairofjeans,butIhadreachedmybreakingpoint.Afterall,Smith'sisone

ofgooddesignersofbluejeans.Andthey'vebeenmakingjeansfordecades.So,

Ithinktheyhaveaprettygoodgriponwhatgreatdeniminvolves.Unfortunately,

stillnothing.Myspiritwasbroken.Maybetheperfectpairofbluejeansjust

isn'tinthecardsforme.Withthatbeingsaid,I'vecometotheconclusionthat

I'mgoingtoliveinleggings(女式紧身裤)fortherestofmylife.Whatwasthe

author'stroublewhenshewenttobuyjeanslastweekend?

Sheforgotwhereherfavoritestorewas.

Shegotconfusedwiththesizingsystems.

A:

Shefailedtotryonenoughkindsofjeans.

B:

Shefoundlittlevarietyinthestyleofjeans.

C:

答D:案：B

3、【单选题】**Passage1****QuestionsIto5arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**"Myfavoritepairofjeanshasfinallyblownaholeintheknee!I'm

soexcitedtothrowthemout,clearmyplansfortheday,andheadtothemall

toshopforanewpairofjeans!"Saidnooneever.Shoppingforapairofjeans

wassosimplewhenIwasyounger.Igrabbedmysizeandwentdirectlytothecash

register.Butsomewherealongthelineitgotsomuchmorecomplicated.Last

weekendIwenttotheMallofAmericainsearchofanewpairofjeans.Andthat

iswhenmyragereachednewheights.I'vehadtroublefindingtheperfectpairof

jeansinthepast,butneverquitelikethis.Thiswasdenim(牛仔布)nightmare.I

wenttoninedifferentstoresandprobablytriedonthousandsofdifferentpairs.

Skinnyjeans,flarejeans,boyfriendfit,lowrise,bell-bottom,highwaisted-even

thedreadedslimfit--andstillnothingwasworking.Anddon'tevengetmestarted

onthesizingsituation.IfeellikeeverystoreIwalkintoIhaveadifferent

jeansize.There'swaistsizing,whichis24through32,andthenthere'sU.S.

sizing,whichisdoublezerothrough14.Andthatdoesn'tevenincludelength.

It'salottotakein.Andit'snotjustthedenim,it'severythingthatcomes

alongwithtryingondenim.It'sthesqueezingofskin,thehorrificdressingroom

lightingandtheexhaustingdanceyouhavetodoeverytimeyou'retryingtoget

thejeansoveryourbottom.Inadeterminedattempttosavethishorrible

experienceofshoppingendlesshoursfordenim,ImademywaytotheSmith'sstore.

Iusuallywouldn'twalkintoSmith'sbecauseIdon'tliketospendmorethan$50

onapairofjeans,butIhadreachedmybreakingpoint.Afterall,Smith'sisone

ofgooddesignersofbluejeans.Andthey'vebeenmakingjeansfordecades.So,

Ithinktheyhaveaprettygoodgriponwhatgreatdeniminvolves.Unfortunately,

stillnothing.Myspiritwasbroken.Maybetheperfectpairofbluejeansjust

isn'tinthecardsforme.Withthatbeingsaid,I'vecometotheconclusionthat

I'mgoingtoliveinleggings(女式紧身裤)fortherestofmylife.Whichword

bestdescribestheauthor'sbuyingexperience?

Boring.

Terrible.

A:

Amusing.

B:

Valuable.

C:

答D:案：B

4、【单选题】**Passage1****QuestionsIto5arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**"Myfavoritepairofjeanshasfinallyblownaholeintheknee!I'm

soexcitedtothrowthemout,clearmyplansfortheday,andheadtothemall

toshopforanewpairofjeans!"Saidnooneever.Shoppingforapairofjeans

wassosimplewhenIwasyounger.Igrabbedmysizeandwentdirectlytothecash

register.Butsomewherealongthelineitgotsomuchmorecomplicated.Last

weekendIwenttotheMallofAmericainsearchofanewpairofjeans.Andthat

iswhenmyragereachednewheights.I'vehadtroublefindingtheperfectpairof

jeansinthepast,butneverquitelikethis.Thiswasdenim(牛仔布)nightmare.I

wenttoninedifferentstoresandprobablytriedonthousandsofdifferentpairs.

Skinnyjeans,flarejeans,boyfriendfit,lowrise,bell-bottom,highwaisted-even

thedreadedslimfit--andstillnothingwasworking.Anddon'tevengetmestarted

onthesizingsituation.IfeellikeeverystoreIwalkintoIhaveadifferent

jeansize.There'swaistsizing,whichis24through32,andthenthere'sU.S.

sizing,whichisdoublezerothrough14.Andthatdoesn'tevenincludelength.

It'salottotakein.Andit'snotjustthedenim,it'severythingthatcomes

alongwithtryingondenim.It'sthesqueezingofskin,thehorrificdressingroom

lightingandtheexhaustingdanceyouhavetodoeverytimeyou'retryingtoget

thejeansoveryourbottom.Inadeterminedattempttosavethishorrible

experienceofshoppingendlesshoursfordenim,ImademywaytotheSmith'sstore.

Iusuallywouldn'twalkintoSmith'sbecauseIdon'tliketospendmorethan$50

onapairofjeans,butIhadreachedmybreakingpoint.Afterall,Smith'sisone

ofgooddesignersofbluejeans.Andthey'vebeenmakingjeansfordecades.So,

Ithinktheyhaveaprettygoodgriponwhatgreatdeniminvolves.Unfortunately,

stillnothing.Myspiritwasbroken.Maybetheperfectpairofbluejeansjust

isn'tinthecardsforme.Withthatbeingsaid,I'vecometotheconclusionthat

I'mgoingtoliveinleggings(女式紧身裤)fortherestofmylife.Whydoesthe

authorrarelygotoSmith's?

Itsdressingroomlightingisdim.

Itisfarawayfromherhome.

A:

Fewoftheclothestherefither.

B:

Thingstherearetooexpensiveforher.

C:

答D:案：D

5、【单选题】**Passage1****QuestionsIto5arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**"Myfavoritepairofjeanshasfinallyblownaholeintheknee!I'm

soexcitedtothrowthemout,clearmyplansfortheday,andheadtothemall

toshopforanewpairofjeans!"Saidnooneever.Shoppingforapairofjeans

wassosimplewhenIwasyounger.Igrabbedmysizeandwentdirectlytothecash

register.Butsomewherealongthelineitgotsomuchmorecomplicated.Last

weekendIwenttotheMallofAmericainsearchofanewpairofjeans.Andthat

iswhenmyragereachednewheights.I'vehadtroublefindingtheperfectpairof

jeansinthepast,butneverquitelikethis.Thiswasdenim(牛仔布)nightmare.I

wenttoninedifferentstoresandprobablytriedonthousandsofdifferentpairs.

Skinnyjeans,flarejeans,boyfriendfit,lowrise,bell-bottom,highwaisted-even

thedreadedslimfit--andstillnothingwasworking.Anddon'tevengetmestarted

onthesizingsituation.IfeellikeeverystoreIwalkintoIhaveadifferent

jeansize.There'swaistsizing,whichis24through32,andthenthere'sU.S.

sizing,whichisdoublezerothrough14.Andthatdoesn'tevenincludelength.

It'salottotakein.Andit'snotjustthedenim,it'severythingthatcomes

alongwithtryingondenim.It'sthesqueezingofskin,thehorrificdressingroom

lightingandtheexhaustingdanceyouhavetodoeverytimeyou'retryingtoget

thejeansoveryourbottom.Inadeterminedattempttosavethishorrible

experienceofshoppingendlesshoursfordenim,ImademywaytotheSmith'sstore.

Iusuallywouldn'twalkintoSmith'sbecauseIdon'tliketospendmorethan$50

onapairofjeans,butIhadreachedmybreakingpoint.Afterall,Smith'sisone

ofgooddesignersofbluejeans.Andthey'vebeenmakingjeansfordecades.So,

Ithinktheyhaveaprettygoodgriponwhatgreatdeniminvolves.Unfortunately,

stillnothing.Myspiritwasbroken.Maybetheperfectpairofbluejeansjust

isn'tinthecardsforme.Withthatbeingsaid,I'vecometotheconclusionthat

I'mgoingtoliveinleggings(女式紧身裤)fortherestofmylife.Whatdoesthe

authorconclude?

Shewillnolongerhavejeanstowear.

Womenwillpreferleggingstojeans.

A:

Bluejeanswillnolongersellwell.

B:

Shewillchangehertasteinjeans.

C:

答D:案：A

6、【单选题】**Passage2****Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**Itisnotsurprisingthatmanywomencomplainthattheirpartnersdon't

listentothem.Butmenmakethesamecomplaintaboutwomen,although

lessfrequently.Theaccusation"You'renotlistening"oftenreallymeans

“Youdon'tunderstandwhatImeant,or"I'mnotgettingtheresponse

Iwanted."Beinglistenedtomeansbeingunderstoodandbeingvalued.Inmyearlier

workIemphasizedthatwomenmaygettheimpressionthatmenaren'tlisteningto

themevenwhenthemenreallyare.Thishappensbecausemenhavedifferent

habitualwaysofshowingthey're'listening.Asanthropologists(人类学家)Maltz

andBorkerexplain,womenaremoreinclinedtoaskquestions.Theyalsogivemore

listeningresponses-littlewordslikemhm,uh-uh,andyeah-scatteredthroughout

someoneelse'stalk.Andtheyrespondmorepositivelyandenthusiastically,for

examplebyagreeingandlaughing.Allthisbehaviorisdoingtheworkoflistening.

Italsocreatesfriendlytalkbyemphasizingconnectionandencouragingmoretalk.

Thecorrespondingstrategiesofmen-givingfewerlistenerresponses,making

statementsratherthanaskingquestions,andchallengingratherthanagreeing-can

beunderstoodasmovesinacontestbyspeakersratherthanaudiencemembers.Not

onlydowomengivemorelisteningsignals,accordingtoMaltzandBorker,butthe

signalstheygivehavedifferentmeaningsformenandwomen.Womenuse"yeah"to

mean"I'mwithyou,Ifollow,"whereasmentendtosay"yeah"onlywhenthey

agree.Theopportunityformisunderstandingisclear.Whenamanisconfrontedwith

awomanwhohasbeensaying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah,"andthenturnsoutnottoagree,

hemayconcludethatshehasbeeninsincere,orthatshewasagreeingwithout

reallylistening.Whenawomanisconfrontedwithamanwhodoesnotsay"yeah"—

ormuchofanythingelse-shemayconcludethathehasn'tbeenlistening.Themen's

styleismoreliterallyfocusedonthemessageleveloftalk,whilethewomen'sis

focusedontherelationshiplevel.Toamanwhoexpectsalistenertobequietly

attentive,awomangivingastreamoffeedbackandsupportwillseemtobetalking

toomuchforalistener.Toawomanwhoexpectsalistenertobeactiveand

enthusiasticinshowinginterest,attention,andsupport,amanwholistens

silentlywillseemnottobelisteningatall,butrathertohavecheckedoutof

theconversationandgonementallyhome.Whatisthemainmessageconveyedin

paragraph1?

Bothmenandwomenblametheirpartnersfornotlisteningtothem.

Womenaremoreeffectivethanmeninexpressingthemselvesintalks.

A:

Womenlistenerstendtogivemoreresponsesthanmenlisteners.

B:

Bothmenandwomenattempttocontroltheirconversations.

C:

答D:案：A

7、【单选题】**Passage2****Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**Itisnotsurprisingthatmanywomencomplainthattheirpartnersdon't

listentothem.Butmenmakethesamecomplaintaboutwomen,although

lessfrequently.Theaccusation"You'renotlistening"oftenreallymeans

“Youdon'tunderstandwhatImeant,or"I'mnotgettingtheresponse

Iwanted."Beinglistenedtomeansbeingunderstoodandbeingvalued.Inmyearlier

workIemphasizedthatwomenmaygettheimpressionthatmenaren'tlisteningto

themevenwhenthemenreallyare.Thishappensbecausemenhavedifferent

habitualwaysofshowingthey're'listening.Asanthropologists(人类学家)Maltz

andBorkerexplain,womenaremoreinclinedtoaskquestions.Theyalsogivemore

listeningresponses-littlewordslikemhm,uh-uh,andyeah-scatteredthroughout

someoneelse'stalk.Andtheyrespondmorepositivelyandenthusiastically,for

examplebyagreeingandlaughing.Allthisbehaviorisdoingtheworkoflistening.

Italsocreatesfriendlytalkbyemphasizingconnectionandencouragingmoretalk.

Thecorrespondingstrategiesofmen-givingfewerlistenerresponses,making

statementsratherthanaskingquestions,andchallengingratherthanagreeing-can

beunderstoodasmovesinacontestbyspeakersratherthanaudiencemembers.Not

onlydowomengivemorelisteningsignals,accordingtoMaltzandBorker,butthe

signalstheygivehavedifferentmeaningsformenandwomen.Womenuse"yeah"to

mean"I'mwithyou,Ifollow,"whereasmentendtosay"yeah"onlywhenthey

agree.Theopportunityformisunderstandingisclear.Whenamanisconfrontedwith

awomanwhohasbeensaying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah,"andthenturnsoutnottoagree,

hemayconcludethatshehasbeeninsincere,orthatshewasagreeingwithout

reallylistening.Whenawomanisconfrontedwithamanwhodoesnotsay"yeah"—

ormuchofanythingelse-shemayconcludethathehasn'tbeenlistening.Themen's

styleismoreliterallyfocusedonthemessageleveloftalk,whilethewomen'sis

focusedontherelationshiplevel.Toamanwhoexpectsalistenertobequietly

attentive,awomangivingastreamoffeedbackandsupportwillseemtobetalking

toomuchforalistener.Toawomanwhoexpectsalistenertobeactiveand

enthusiasticinshowinginterest,attention,andsupport,amanwholistens

silentlywillseemnottobelisteningatall,butrathertohavecheckedoutof

theconversationandgonementallyhome.Whatdowomenlistenerstendtodoina

talkaccordingtoMaltzandBorker?

Toasktoughquestions.

Tointerruptfromtimetotime.

A:

Torespondinaquietmanner.

B:

Togivefrequentfeedback.

C:

答D:案：D

8、【单选题】**Passage2****Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**Itisnotsurprisingthatmanywomencomplainthattheirpartnersdon't

listentothem.Butmenmakethesamecomplaintaboutwomen,although

lessfrequently.Theaccusation"You'renotlistening"oftenreallymeans

“Youdon'tunderstandwhatImeant,or"I'mnotgettingtheresponse

Iwanted."Beinglistenedtomeansbeingunderstoodandbeingvalued.Inmyearlier

workIemphasizedthatwomenmaygettheimpressionthatmenaren'tlisteningto

themevenwhenthemenreallyare.Thishappensbecausemenhavedifferent

habitualwaysofshowingthey're'listening.Asanthropologists(人类学家)Maltz

andBorkerexplain,womenaremoreinclinedtoaskquestions.Theyalsogivemore

listeningresponses-littlewordslikemhm,uh-uh,andyeah-scatteredthroughout

someoneelse'stalk.Andtheyrespondmorepositivelyandenthusiastically,for

examplebyagreeingandlaughing.Allthisbehaviorisdoingtheworkoflistening.

Italsocreatesfriendlytalkbyemphasizingconnectionandencouragingmoretalk.

Thecorrespondingstrategiesofmen-givingfewerlistenerresponses,making

statementsratherthanaskingquestions,andchallengingratherthanagreeing-can

beunderstoodasmovesinacontestbyspeakersratherthanaudiencemembers.Not

onlydowomengivemorelisteningsignals,accordingtoMaltzandBorker,butthe

signalstheygivehavedifferentmeaningsformenandwomen.Womenuse"yeah"to

mean"I'mwithyou,Ifollow,"whereasmentendtosay"yeah"onlywhenthey

agree.Theopportunityformisunderstandingisclear.Whenamanisconfrontedwith

awomanwhohasbeensaying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah,"andthenturnsoutnottoagree,

hemayconcludethatshehasbeeninsincere,orthatshewasagreeingwithout

reallylistening.Whenawomanisconfrontedwithamanwhodoesnotsay"yeah"—

ormuchofanythingelse-shemayconcludethathehasn'tbeenlistening.Themen's

styleismoreliterallyfocusedonthemessageleveloftalk,whilethewomen'sis

focusedontherelationshiplevel.Toamanwhoexpectsalistenertobequietly

attentive,awomangivingastreamoffeedbackandsupportwillseemtobetalking

toomuchforalistener.Toawomanwhoexpectsalistenertobeactiveand

enthusiasticinshowinginterest,attention,andsupport,amanwholistens

silentlywillseemnottobelisteningatall,butrathertohavecheckedoutof

theconversationandgonementallyhome.Whichofthefollowingisastrategyof

menlisteners?

Challengingthespeaker.

Givingpositiveresponses.

A:

Askingpersonalquestions.

B:

Showinginterestinthetalk.

C:

答D:案：A

9、【单选题】**Passage2****Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**Itisnotsurprisingthatmanywomencomplainthattheirpartnersdon't

listentothem.Butmenmakethesamecomplaintaboutwomen,although

lessfrequently.Theaccusation"You'renotlistening"oftenreallymeans

“Youdon'tunderstandwhatImeant,or"I'mnotgettingtheresponse

Iwanted."Beinglistenedtomeansbeingunderstoodandbeingvalued.Inmyearlier

workIemphasizedthatwomenmaygettheimpressionthatmenaren'tlisteningto

themevenwhenthemenreallyare.Thishappensbecausemenhavedifferent

habitualwaysofshowingthey're'listening.Asanthropologists(人类学家)Maltz

andBorkerexplain,womenaremoreinclinedtoaskquestions.Theyalsogivemore

listeningresponses-littlewordslikemhm,uh-uh,andyeah-scatteredthroughout

someoneelse'stalk.Andtheyrespondmorepositivelyandenthusiastically,for

examplebyagreeingandlaughing.Allthisbehaviorisdoingtheworkoflistening.

Italsocreatesfriendlytalkbyemphasizingconnectionandencouragingmoretalk.

Thecorrespondingstrategiesofmen-givingfewerlistenerresponses,making

statementsratherthanaskingquestions,andchallengingratherthanagreeing-can

beunderstoodasmovesinacontestbyspeakersratherthanaudiencemembers.Not

onlydowomengivemorelisteningsignals,accordingtoMaltzandBorker,butthe

signalstheygivehavedifferentmeaningsformenandwomen.Womenuse"yeah"to

mean"I'mwithyou,Ifollow,"whereasmentendtosay"yeah"onlywhenthey

agree.Theopportunityformisunderstandingisclear.Whenamanisconfrontedwith

awomanwhohasbeensaying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah,"andthenturnsoutnottoagree,

hemayconcludethatshehasbeeninsincere,orthatshewasagreeingwithout

reallylistening.Whenawomanisconfrontedwithamanwhodoesnotsay"yeah"—

ormuchofanythingelse-shemayconcludethathehasn'tbeenlistening.Themen's

styleismoreliterallyfocusedonthemessageleveloftalk,whilethewomen'sis

focusedontherelationshiplevel.Toamanwhoexpectsalistenertobequietly

attentive,awomangivingastreamoffeedbackandsupportwillseemtobetalking

toomuchforalistener.Toawomanwhoexpectsalistenertobeactiveand

enthusiasticinshowinginterest,attention,andsupport,amanwholistens

silentlywillseemnottobelisteningatall,butrathertohavecheckedoutof

theconversationandgonementallyhome.Whatdoes'yeah'meantomeninatalk?

Suspicion.

Compliment.

A:

Confirmation.

B:

Understanding.

C:

答D:案：C

10、【单选题】**Passage2****Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**Itisnotsurprisingthatmanywomencomplainthattheirpartnersdon't

listentothem.Butmenmakethesamecomplaintaboutwomen,although

lessfrequently.Theaccusation"You'renotlistening"oftenreallymeans

“Youdon'tunderstandwhatImeant,or"I'mnotgettingtheresponse

Iwanted."Beinglistenedtomeansbeingunderstoodandbeingvalued.Inmyearlier

workIemphasizedthatwomenmaygettheimpressionthatmenaren'tlisteningto

themevenwhenthemenreallyare.Thishappensbecausemenhavedifferent

habitualwaysofshowingthey're'listening.Asanthropologists(人类学家)Maltz

andBorkerexplain,womenaremoreinclinedtoaskquestions.Theyalsogivemore

listeningresponses-littlewordslikemhm,uh-uh,andyeah-scatteredthroughout

someoneelse'stalk.Andtheyrespondmorepositivelyandenthusiastically,for

examplebyagreeingandlaughing.Allthisbehaviorisdoingtheworkoflistening.

Italsocreatesfriendlytalkbyemphasizingconnectionandencouragingmoretalk.

Thecorrespondingstrategiesofmen-givingfewerlistenerresponses,making

statementsratherthanaskingquestions,andchallengingratherthanagreeing-can

beunderstoodasmovesinacontestbyspeakersratherthanaudiencemembers.Not

onlydowomengivemorelisteningsignals,accordingtoMaltzandBorker,butthe

signalstheygivehavedifferentmeaningsformenandwomen.Womenuse"yeah"to

mean"I'mwithyou,Ifollow,"whereasmentendtosay"yeah"onlywhenthey

agree.Theopportunityformisunderstandingisclear.Whenamanisconfrontedwith

awomanwhohasbeensaying"yeah,""yeah,""yeah,"andthenturnsoutnottoagree,

hemayconcludethatshehasbeeninsincere,orthatshewasagreeingwithout

reallylistening.Whenawomanisconfrontedwithamanwhodoesnotsay"yeah"—

ormuchofanythingelse-shemayconcludethathehasn'tbeenlistening.Themen's

styleismoreliterallyfocusedonthemessageleveloftalk,whilethewomen'sis

focusedontherelationshiplevel.Toamanwhoexpectsalistenertobequietly

attentive,awomangivingastreamoffeedbackandsupportwillseemtobetalking

toomuchforalistener.Toawomanwhoexpectsalistenertobeactiveand

enthusiasticinshowinginterest,attention,andsupport,amanwholistens

silentlywillseemnottobelisteningatall,butrathertohavecheckedoutof

theconversationandgonementallyhome.Bothmenandwomenspeakersexpecttheir

listenerstobe________.

quiet

attentive

A:

talkative

B:

aggressive

C:

答D:案：B

11、【单选题】**Passage3****Questionsto15arebasedonthefollowing

passage.**WhenmydaughterJanewasinfirstgrade,herteacherpressuredmeto

putheronstimulants(兴奋剂).SheexplainedthatJanedaydreamed;shealsobecame

over-excited-whenshelearnedsomethingnew."Inattentionandexcessive

activityareclassicsymptomsofADHD(多动症).TheycanbetreatedwithAdderall

orRitalin,”herteacherexplained.ButIknewthiswasabsurd.Janedidnot

haveADHD."Thatjustsoundslikeanybrightkid,"Iresponded."Ifshe'sahead

ofherclassmates,she'llbeboredsometimes."Iwasontosomething.Some

scientistsbelievethatkidswithIQsinthetop5to10percentofthepopulation

areespeciallyatriskforADHDmisdiagnosis.Itisestimatedthatsomewhere

betweenone-thirdandone-halfofintelligentkidsdiagnosedwithADHDare

misdiagnosed.AsIsuspected,thatisbecausesmartkidssuchasJaneengagein

thesamebehaviorsaschildrenwithADHD.Forexample,bothbrightkidsandthose

withADHDareover-excitableandinattentive.Bothquestionauthority.Evenso,her

teacher'ssuggestionmeritedfurtherconsideration.Afterall,intelligent

childrensuchasJanecanstillhaveADHD.IwasnotgoingtoignoreJane's'

problem.ButIamalsoadoctor.AndIknowstimulantscarryrisks.Forexample,

a"naturalexperiment"inQuebecrevealedthatkidsusingstimulantsforADHDmaybe

morelikelytodropoutofschoolandunderperforminmath.Otherevidence

suggeststhatthesedrugsdeterioratesomechild-parentrelationships.

Additionally,aone-yearstudysuggeststhatstimulantusecanleadtochronic

depression.Meanwhile,stimulantsarenocure.TheysimplyreducecoreADHD

symptomswhilethechildisonthedrug.Consequently,drugsmayhideconditions

thataremisleadinglypresentingasADHD,leavingthemunnoticed.Duetothese

concerns,Itriedotherappr