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第=page11页,共=sectionpages11页2023-2024学年福建省福州市金山中学高二(上)期末英语试卷一、选词填空-句子:本大题共3小题,共9分。1.Mosttennisisplayedonhardcourts,buta______(大量的)amountisplayedonclay.2.Thedepartmenthasbeenshrinkingyearbyyearbecauseof______(预算)cuts.3.
devote...to...;everytime;makeinference;bycontrast;beusedfor;belinkedto;expose...to...;nowonder;becomprisedof,(1)Whatcriteria______assessingastudent'sability?(2)Iambannedfrom______byreferringtoareferencebook.(3)Whenyoulookattheirnewsystem,oursseemsveryoldfashioned______.(4)Theprogramme______thefollowingactivities:recitation,singing,wordspelling,storytellingandsoon.
(5)______theywentdancing,theyendedupinabadmood.(5)Britain______therestofEuropebytheChannelTunnel.(6)Wewantto______thekids______asmuchartandcultureaspossible.二、阅读理解:本大题共13小题,共32.5分。AIleftuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature,butnosenseofwhatIwantedtodo.Overthenextsixyears,Iwastreadingwater(停滞不前),justtryingtoearnanincome.Itriedjournalism,butIdidn'tthinkIwasanygood,thenfinance,whichIhated.Finally,Igotajobasarightsassistantatafamouspublisher.Ilovedworkingwithbooks,althoughthejobthatIdidwasdull.
Ihadenoughsavingstotakeayearoffwork,andIdecidedtotrytosatisfyadeep-downwishtowriteanovel.AttendingaNovelWritingMAcoursegavemethestructureIneededtowritemyfirst55,000words.
Ittakesconfidencetomakeanewstart—there'sadarkperiodin-betweenwhereyou'reneitheronethingnortheother.You'reoutfordinnerandpeopleaskwhatyoudo,andyou'retooashamedtosay,"Well,I'mwritinganovel,butI'mnotquitesureifI'mgoingtogetthere."Myconfidencedived.Believingmynovelcouldnotbepublished,Iputitaside.
ThenImetanagent(代理商)whosaidIshouldsendmynovelouttoagents.So,Ididand,tomysurprise,gotsomewonderfulfeedback.IfeltalittlehopethatImightactuallybecomeapublishedwriterand,aftersigningwithanagent,Ifinishedthesecondhalfofthenovel.
Thenextproblemwasfindingapublisher.Aftertwo-and-a-halfyearsofnoincome,justwaitingandwondering,apublisherofferedmeabookdeal—thatpublisherturnedouttobetheoneIonceworkedfor.
Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—offate,really.Whenyousetouttodosomethingdifferent,there'snoendinsight,sotofindmyselfinapositionwhereInowhavemyownnameonacontract(合同)ofthepublisher—tobeapublishedwriter—isunbelievablyrewarding.4.Whydidtheauthordecidetowriteanovel?______A.Becauseshehatedherpreviousjobs.
B.Becauseherparentsandfriendshadencouragedhertodoso.
C.Becauseshewantedtopursueherowndreamofwritinganovel.
D.BecauseshegraduatedfromuniversitywithagooddegreeinEnglishLiterature.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3mean?______A.Shebecamelessstubborn. B.Shebecamemorestubborn.
C.Shesuddenlylostconfidence. D.Shegraduallygainedconfidence.6.Whoagreedtopublishtheauthor'sfirstnovel?______A.Anagentwhoshesignedwith.
B.Arightsassistantsheonceworkedwith.
C.Anagentwhoadvisedhertosendhernovelouttoagents.
D.Apublisherwhosheonceworkedforasarightsassistant.7.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor'sexperienceasawriter?______A.Toughbutrewarding. B.Interestingandsmooth.
C.Difficultbutthrilling. D.Complicatedandfruitless.BEricAshby'sfascinationwithnaturebeganatanearlyage.Hisfirstarticle,BirdPhotography:anIdealHobbyforBoys,waspublishedwhenhewasjust16andillustratedwithphotographsthathe'dtaken.
Hisinterestinphotographyhadbeensparkedfouryearsearlierin1930,whenthewildlifephotographerCherryKeartoncametoSouthsea,Ashby'shometown,topresentashowofhiswork.The12-year-oldAshbysawtheshowandimmediatelystartedsavinghispocketmoneytobuyacameraforfilmingwildlifeinthenearbyNewForest.ButAshby'sfilmsdidnotreachthepublicduetotheWorldWarII.
In1953,heandhiswifeEileenmovedtoBadger(獾)Cottage,intheheartoftheNewForest.ItwasherethatAshbyperfectedthetechniquesthatwouldmakehimfamousthroughthenewmediumoftelevision.Hispatienceandtechnicalknowledgeallowedhimtofilmbadgersattheirholesduringdaylight—thefirsttimethisbehaviourhadeverbeencapturedoncamera.
In1961,attheageof43,Ashbyfinallygothisbigbreak,whentheBBCshowedhis45-minutefilmTheUnknownForest.Thefilmhadtakenfouryearstomakeandreceivedaverypositiveresponsefromviewers.ThenaturewriterRichardMabeywashugelyimpressedandremarkedthatthefilm"changedthestandardsforhome-grownwildlifedocumentaries".
Afterthefilmwasshown,hewasgiventhenickname"thesilentwatcher".Thenicknamenotonlystuck,itbecamethetitleofhissecondfilm.
In1963,AshbymadethefirstBritishwildlifefilmincolour,althoughittookfouryearsbeforeTheMajorappearedinitsfullglory,astheBBCdidnotbroadcast(播放)incolouruntil1967.
HewasawardedtheRoyalGeographicalSociety'sCherryKeartonMedalandAwardin1975andin1992receivedanMBE.Hedied,aged85,on6February2003,buthislegacyliveson.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"sparked"meaninParagraph2?______A.Revived. B.Inspired. C.Assessed. D.Increased.9.Whatmightleadtothesuccessofhis1961film?______A.UniquescenesandthenewmediumTV.
B.Animalknowledgeandnewstandards.
C.Thepositiveresponsefromviewers.
D.Therecommendationfromanaturewriter.10.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph6?______A.TheMajortookAshby4yearstomake.
B.TheMajorwasnotbroadcastonBB
C.C.TheMajorwasanothersuccessforAshby.
D.TheMajorwasthefirstcolorfilmintheUK.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?______A.AnAwardWinner B.ASilentWatcher
C.TheLifeofaBadger D.TheStoryinaForestCTryingtofigureoutifyourfriendisangry?Youmaylookathisorherface.However,anewstudyfindswhenpeopleareatthepeakofjoyordespair,theirbodylanguageisamorereliableindicatoroftheiremotionsthantheirface.
"Youcan'ttellfromthefacealoneifsomethinggoodisgoingonorbadgoingon.Whenpeopleseethefacesalone,they'rekindoflost,"saidJullielHievet,apsychologistattheHebrewUniversity."Thebodymaintainsaclearsignalofpositiveandnegative."
Hievetalsonotedthatmostresearchesonreadingemotionsfocusedontheface.Afewstudieshadshownpeoplerelyonbodylanguagetoreademotionswhenitconflictswithsomeone'sfacialexpression,butthosestudiesusedtrainedactorsinposes.
Hisresearchteamwantedtoseehowpeopleusebodylanguagetoreadintenseemotions.Todoso,histeamgathereddozensofimagesofoutstandingtennisplayersatthemomenttheywonorlostcriticalpointsincompetitionsliketheU.S.Open.Theyshowedthreegroupsof15participantsimagesofjusttheface,justthebody,orbothtogether,andaskedtheviewerswhethertheimagesshowedpositiveornegativeemotions.
Peoplewhosawthebody—withorwithouttheface—accuratelydistinguishedwhethertheplayerwashappyordistraught.Thosewhoviewedjustthefacesfailedtodoso.
Theteamalsotransformedwinningfacesontolosingbodiesandviceversa(反之亦然),andfoundthebodycuesdeterminedwhetherviewersthoughttheplayershadwon.
Thefindingsdon'truleoutthefacefromallemotionalindicators,hesaid."Butwhenthingsbecomeveryintense,thegoodandthebadcombinetogether,andit'shardtotellifit'spositiveornegative,"headded.
Interestingly,whenpeoplesawabodyandfacetogether,theysaidtheymadejudgmentsbasedonfacialexpression."Peopleuseinformationfromthebodyandthentheyreaditintotheface,"Hievetsaid.12.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?______A.Youcannottellone'semotionsfromtheface.
B.Bodycanbetterindicateintenseemotionsthanface.
C.Peoplethoughttheymakejudgmentsfromthebody.
D.Facialexpressionstendtobedifferentinjoyanddespair.13.Whyareotherstudiesmentionedinparagraph3?______A.Tosummarizethepreviousstudies.
B.Toprovethevalueoffacialexpression.
C.Toshowthelimitationofexistingstudies.
D.Tointroducesimilarfindingsofotherstudies.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?______A.Researchbackground. B.Researchmethod.
C.Researchresults. D.Researchapplication.15.Theunderlinedword"distraught"inparagraph5probablymeans______.A.excited B.indifferent C.shocked D.upset16.WhatdoesHievet'squoteinthelastparagraphsuggest?______A.Peoplemaythinkithardtoreadintenseemotions.
B.Peoplereadmoreinformationfromfacialexpressions
C.Peopleareunawareofusingbodylanguagetoreademotions.
D.Peoplecandistinguishemotionsfrombodyandfacialexpression.三、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共12.5分。Asmuchas80percentofprematureheartdiseaseispreventablebymakingspecificlifestylechoices.Somestrategies,suchasexercisingandmanagingweight,arewellknown.(1)______."Asmallchangeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthelongrun,"sayspreventivecardiologist(心脏病学家)Dr.BethAbramson,aspokespersonfortheHeartandStrokeFoundationofCanada.
Geteighthoursofsleep."Whenyou'renotrested,everythingthathappensinyourlifeisalotmorestressful,"saysDr.AryaSharma,founderoftheCanadianObesityNetwork.Ifwe'reshortofsleep,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingbloodpressure,inflammationandbloodsugarlevels.(2)______.
Engageinvolunteerwork.(3)______.ResearchpublishedinPsychosomaticMedicinein2016showedthatafeelingofpurposeinlifeislinkedtoalowerlikelihoodofheartattackandstroke."Weknowthatlonelinessisariskfactorforhearthealth,"addsSharma."Volunteeringgetsyououtofthehouseandcreatesasocialnetwork."
(4)______.ArecentstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiologyfoundthathealthypeoplewhoskippedbreakfastwerealmostthreetimesmorelikelytohaveheartdiseasesixyearslaterthanthosewhohadasubstantialmorningmeal.Onepossiblereason:"Ifyou'reeatingaproperbreakfast,you'relesslikelytobehungrylaterandmakepoorfoodchoices,"saysAbramson."Weneedtoeatabalanceddietaspartofahealthylifestyle."(5)______.
A.Eatbreakfast.
B.Butothersmaynothavecrossedyourmind.
C.Volunteeringmightevenincreaseyourphysicalactivity.
D.Choosewhole-grain,low-fatbreakfastfoodsandincludefruit.
E.Thesefactorscanallhaveanimpactonheartandbloodhealth.
F.Eathealthyfoodrichinproteinandfiberbutlowinfatandsugar
G.Doinggoodforothershelpsyourself-esteemandrelievesstress.17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G21.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G四、完形填空:本大题共15小题,共15分。MauroMorandi,an82-year-oldItalian,istheretiredcaretakerofBudelli,anuninhabitedMediterraneanisland.Heiscalleda(n)(1)______RobinsonCrusoeMaurohasguardedtheislandfor30years,keepingitsbeaches(2)______andclean.He(3)______thateverymorninghewokeuptoanuninterruptedseaview.Lostinnature,hewas(4)______thedawnsoundsandhabitsofthewildlife,wherehe(5)______aloneformorethanthreedecades.
Threemonthsago,MauroleftBudelliwherehehad(6)______everyrock,treeandanimalspecies.Hehadexpectedthepublic(7)______withhislifetodecreaseafterhis(8)______.However,fansfromaroundtheworldstillsenthimmessages.Arecentone(9)______."Mauro,themasterofsolitude"."IthoughtthatafterleavingBudelli,nobodywouldtalkaboutmeanymore.But(10)______Iwaswrong,"hesaid.Askedwhyhethoughttheinterestinhimwasso(11)______,hesaid,"It'sasifpeoplesentmetodosomethingtheywouldneverhavethe(12)______todo."
NowMauroistryingto(13)______thelifeinaonebedroomflat,(14)______theseainthenarrowgapsbetweenbuildingsonLaMaddalena.Asforhisnewhome,hesaid,"Ibecamesousedtothe(15)______ontheisland.Nowthecontinuousnoisedistractsmesomuch."22.A.ancient B.modern C.strange D.familiar23.A.messy B.deserted C.busy D.primitive24.A.recalled B.expected C.disliked D.denied25.A.inneedof B.inlinewith
C.inchargeof D.inconflictwith26.A.hid B.played C.lived D.travelled27.A.marked B.known C.drawn D.damaged28.A.anger B.doubt C.curiosity D.awareness29.A.escape B.promotion C.volunteering D.retirement30.A.read B.wrote C.spoke D.talked31.A.fortunately B.delightedly C.obviously D.thankfully32.A.unclear B.little C.similar D.strong33.A.courage B.method C.money D.technology34.A.adjustto B.objectto C.contributeto D.exposeto35.A.staringat B.glaringat C.glancingat D.gazingat36.A.noise B.silence C.brightness D.darkness五、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。37.Thenumberofinternationalstudents(1)______searchofhighereducationinChinahasbeenincreasinginthepasttenyears.FormanyforeignstudentstheythinkhighlyofWuhanUniversityinHubeiprovincebecauseof(2)______(it)learningandsocialenvironment.
GohQianXuanfromSingapore(3)______(select)tobethepresidentoftheWuhanUniversitySingaporeanStudentsAssociationandtheChineseLanguageandLiteratureStudentUnionduringherfouryearsofstudyinginWuhan,(4)______gaveherthechancetowork(5)______(close)withstudentsfromothercountries."Ididn'tcometoWuhanjust(6)______(get)goodgrades,"Gohsays."beingpartofthelocalstudentcommunitiesandseeing(7)______thingsaredonehavereallyhelpedmetobetterunderstandChinesepeopleandChina."
Theuniversityalsooffersvariousactivitiestothem.Gohsaysshefelt(8)______(little)likeaforeignstudentonlyafterayearinthestudentunion."TheenvironmentistrulygoodforChinesestudies,"shesays."Thefour(9)______(amaze)yearsIspentinWuhanhashelpedtobuildastrongfoundationformylifeandcareer.ThisexperiencehasprovedmanyofmyformerideaswrongasInowunderstandthemainreasonsbehindtheChinesewaystodealwithcertain(10)______(matter)."(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)六、单词拼写-单句:本大题共3小题,共3分。38.Severaljournalists______(见证)theincidentinwhicheightpeoplewereinjured.39.Youshouldallowalittletimeafteramealforthefoodtod______.(根据首字母单词拼写)40.Theadvertisementforengineersinthelocalpaperattractedmanya______.七、句子翻译:本大题共4小题,共8分。41.专家建议,我们应该对着镜子微笑,让自己感到更加快乐和坚强。(doing形式做宾语)______42.对谢蕾来说,在学习和社交生活之间保持平衡是很重要的。(请用形式主语it和主语从句翻译)______43.Deepdown,Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoil,hecareslittleforcelebrityormoney.______44.Sinceheartdiseaseisoftenlinkedtoourlifestylechoices,weneedtomakehealthylivinganimportantpartofourlives.______八、书面表达:本大题共1小题,共25分。45.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Somepeoplearejustdoomed(注定)tobefailures.That'sthewaysomeadultslookattroubledkids.Abirdwithabrokenwingwillneverflyashigh.Davidwasmadetofeelthiswayalmosteverydayinschool.
Davidwasthemostfamoustroublemakerinhighschool.Hewasn'tconfidentanddidn'tanswerquestions.Fromtimetotimeheskippedclassesandgotintolotsoffights.Teachersdidn'twanttohavehimagainthefollowingyear.However,thingsgraduallychangedduringaweekendleadershipmeeting.AllthestudentsatschoolhadbeeninvitedtosignupforACEtraining,aprogramdesignedtohavestudentsbecomemoreinvolvedintheircommunities.
Atthestartofthemeeting,Davidwasliterallystandingoutsidethecircleofstudents,againstthebackwall,withthat"goahead,impressme"lookonhisface.Hedidn'treadilyjointhediscussiongroups.Butslowly,theinteractivegamesdrewhiminthediscussion.Davidstartedtojointhemandhereallyhadgreatideas.TheotherstudentsinDavid'sgroupwelcomedhiscomments.AllofasuddenDavidfeltlikeapartofthegroup.
Thenextday,Davidwasveryactiveinallthesessions.Bytheendofthemeeting,hehadjoinedtheHomelessProjectteam.Heknewsomethingaboutpoverty,hungerandhopelessness.Theotherstudentsontheteamwereimpressedwithhispassionateconcernandideas.TheyelectedDavidco-chairmanoftheteam.
TheveryfirstcommunityserviceprojectorganizedbytheHomelessProjectteamwastocollectfoodforthehomelessinthechargeofDavid.ButagroupofteachersdoubtedwhetherthiscrucialbeginningshouldbeinthehandsofDavid.TheprincipalremindedthemthatthepurposeoftheACEprogramwastouncoveranypositivepassionthatastudenthadandreinforce(加强)itspracticeuntiltruechangecantakeplace.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Twoweekslater,Davidled20studentsintheteamtocollectfoodforthehomeless.
AfterDavid'spictureappearedinthenewspaper,everyonesawgreatchangesinhim.
答案和解析1.【答案】substantial【解析】substantial.句意:大多数网球是在硬地上打的,但有相当一部分是在红土上打的。substantial是形容词"大量的"在句中做定语,所以填.
substantial.
大多数网球是在硬地上打的,但有相当一部分是在红土上打的。
首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能,结构及形式,即在句中充当什么成分,用动宾短语,介宾短语还是名词性短语,是否要用从句,是否要倒装等。选词应尽量贴切,尤其要注意搭配是否正确。
翻译完成后再次通读句子,检查句子。2.【答案】budget【解析】答案budget.句意:这个部门因为预算削减而逐年萎缩。budget是名词"预算",budgetcuts是固定短语"预算消减",所以填budget.
这个部门因为预算削减而逐年萎缩。
在解题前应快速浏览句子掌握大意,在读懂意思的基础上,结合句子提供的特定的语言环境去分析。要解决好语法问题,有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断,掌握词性的用法和词汇的固定结构,从而答对题目。3.【答案】【小题1】areusedfor【小题2】makinginferences【小题3】bycontrast【小题4】iscomprisedof【小题5】Everytime【小题6】islinkedto【解析】(1)考查动词短语。句意:用什么标准来评估学生的能力?根据句意可知表示"被用来",用动词短语beusedfor,说明一般情况,用一般现在时;和主语criteria(criterion的复数形式)一致,be动词用are,故填areusedfor。
(2)考查动词短语。句意:我被禁止参照参考书作推论。根据句意可知表示"作推论",用动词短语makeinferences,介词from后用动名词,故填makinginferences。
(3)考查介词短语。句意:当你观察他们的新系统时,(你会发现)相比之下,我们的就显得很过时了。根据句意可知表示"相比之下",用介词短语bycontrast,故填bycontrast。
(4)考查动词短语。句意:节目包括以下活动:朗诵、唱歌、拼字、讲故事等。根据句意可知表示"包括",用动词短语becomprisedof,说明现在的情况用一般现在时;和主语Theprogramme一致,be动词用is,故填iscomprisedof。
(5)考查固定搭配。句意:每次他们去跳舞,最后都是心情不好。根据句意可知用固定搭配everytime引导时间状语从句theywentdancing表示"每次",首字母大写,故填Everytime。
(6)考查动词短语。句意:英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来。根据句意可知表示"与连接起来",用动词短语belinkedto,说明事实用一般现在时;和主语Britain一致,be动词用is,故填islinkedto。
(7)考查动词短语。句意:我们想让孩子们尽可能多地接触艺术和文化。根据句意可知表示"使接触",用动词短语expose…to…,wantto后用动词原形,故填expose;to。
(1)用什么标准来评估学生的能力?
(2)我被禁止参照参考书作推论。
(3)当你观察他们的新系统时,(你会发现)相比之下,我们的就显得很过时了。
(4)节目包括以下活动:朗诵、唱歌、拼字、讲故事等。
(5)每次他们去跳舞,最后都是心情不好。
(6)英吉利海峡隧道把英国和欧洲其他国家连接起来。
(7)我们想让孩子们尽可能多地接触艺术和文化。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法,判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性,从而正确的选词,进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境,确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后,可通过上下文和语法知识来帮助判断其形式。4~7.【答案】C、C、D、A【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段Idecidedtotrytosatisfyadeep-downwishtowriteanovel.(我决定试着满足一个内心深处的愿望,写一部小说。)可知,作者决定写小说是因为她想要追寻自己写小说的梦想。故选C。
(2)词句猜测题。根据第三段中的butI'mnotquitesureifI'mgoingtogetthere(但我不确定我是否能到那一步。)和Believingmynovelcouldnotbepublished,Iputitaside.(我认为我的小说不可能出版,就把它搁在一边。)可知,作者对自己的小说没有信心,所以划线句是指"她突然失去了信心"。故选C。
(3)细节理解题。根据第五段中的Aftertwo-and-a-halfyearsofnoincome,justwaitingandwondering,apublisherofferedmeabookdeal—thatpublisherturnedouttobetheoneIonceworkedfor.(在两年半没有收入,只是等待和疑惑之后,一家出版商向我提供了一笔图书交易,结果出版商是我曾经为之工作的出版商。)可知,作者曾经工作过的那家出版商同意出版她的第一本小说。故选D。
(4)推理判断题。根据全文内容可知,作者的小说从无人问津到最终的出版经历了一段漫长而艰难过程;根据最后一段中的Whenyousetouttodosomethingdifferent,there'snoendinsight,sotofindmyselfinapositionwhereInowhavemyownnameonacontract(合同)ofthepublisher—tobeapublishedwriter—isunbelievablyrewarding.(当你开始做一些不同的事情时,看不到尽头,所以找到一个我现在在出版商的合同上有自己名字的位置,成为一名出版作家,这是令人难以置信的回报。)可知,作者成为出版作家的这段经历是非常值得的,即"艰难而值得"。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大学毕业后尝试过许多不同的工作,但始终没有找到真正适合自己的;后来她决定写小说以满足自己内心的愿望,小说完成后从无人问津到开始出版,经历了一段漫长而艰难的过程,最终获得了成功,作者也因此成为了一名出版作家,找到自己的定位。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。8~11.【答案】B、A、C、B【解析】(1)词句猜测题。根据第二段whenthewildlifephotographerCherryKeartoncametoSouthsea,Ashby'shometown,topresentashowofhiswork.The12-year-oldAshbysawtheshowandimmediatelystartedsavinghispocketmoneytobuyacameraforfilmingwildlifeinthenearbyNewForest.(当时野生动物摄影师CherryKearton来到Ashby的家乡Southsea,展示他的作品。12岁的阿什比看到这个节目后,立即开始攒零花钱,买了一台相机,在附近的新森林拍摄野生动物。)可知,他对摄影的兴趣是在哪个时候被激发的,sparked的意思是"激发,启发"。A.Revived复兴;B.Inspired激励;C.Assessed评估;D.Increased增加。故选B。
(2)推理判断题。根据第三段ItwasherethatAshbyperfectedthetechniquesthatwouldmakehimfamousthroughthenewmediumoftelevision.Hispatienceandtechnicalknowledgeallowedhimtofilmbadgersattheirholesduringdaylight—thefirsttimethisbehaviourhadeverbeencapturedoncamera.(正是在这里,Ashby完善了技术,使他通过电视这种新媒体成名。他的耐心和技术知识使他能够在白天拍摄到獾在洞里的行为——这是第一次被相机捕捉到。)可知,导致了他1961年的电影的成功的是独特的场景和新媒体电视。故选A。
(3)推理判断题。根据第六段In1963,AshbymadethefirstBritishwildlifefilmincolour,althoughittookfouryearsbeforeTheMajorappearedinitsfullglory,astheBBCdidnotbroadcast(播放)incolouruntil1967.(1963年,Ashby拍摄了英国第一部彩色野生动物电影,尽管TheMajor花了四年时间才全面上映,因为BBC直到1967年才开始播放彩色电影。)可知,TheMajor是Ashby的又一次成功。C.TheMajorwasanothersuccessforAshby.(TheMajor是Ashby的又一次成功。)符合文意,故选C。
(4)标题归纳题。根据第四段In1961,attheageof43,Ashbyfinallygothisbigbreak,whentheBBCshowedhis45-minutefilmTheUnknownForest.(1961年,43岁的Ashby终于迎来了他的重大突破,BBC播放了他45分钟的电影TheUnknownForest。)和倒数第二段Afterthefilmwasshown,hewasgiventhenickname"thesilentwatcher".Thenicknamenotonlystuck,itbecamethetitleofhissecondfilm.(电影上映后,他被称为"沉默的观察者"。这个绰号不仅沿用至今,还成为了他第二部电影的片名。)可知,本文主要讲的是摄影师EricAshby的经历和主要成就,他被称为"沉默的观察者",因此最好的标题是B.ASilentWatcher.(沉默的观察者。)故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲的是摄影师EricAshby的经历和主要成就,他被称为"沉默的观察者"。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。12~16.【答案】B、C、B、D、C【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段However,anewstudyfindswhenpeopleareatthepeakofjoyordespair,theirbodylanguageisamorereliableindicatoroftheiremotionsthantheirface.(然而,一项新的研究发现,当人们处于快乐或绝望的顶峰时,他们的肢体语言比他们的面部表情更能反映他们的情绪。)可知,一项新的研究发现,身体能比面部更好地表达强烈的情绪。故选B。
(2)推理判断题。根据第三段Hievetalsonotedthatmostresearchesonreadingemotionsfocusedontheface.Afewstudieshadshownpeoplerelyonbodylanguagetoreademotionswhenitconflictswithsomeone'sfacialexpression,butthosestudiesusedtrainedactorsinposes.(Hievet还指出,大多数关于阅读情绪的研究都集中在面部。一些研究表明,当身体语言与某人的面部表情发生冲突时,人们会依靠身体语言来解读情绪,但这些研究使用的是训练有素的演员。)可知,第三段提到其他研究是为了指出现有研究的局限性,故选C。
(3)段落大意题。根据第四段Todoso,histeamgathereddozensofimagesofoutstandingtennisplayersatthemomenttheywonorlostcriticalpointsincompetitionsliketheU.S.Open.Theyshowedthreegroupsof15participantsimagesofjusttheface,justthebody,orbothtogether,andaskedtheviewerswhethertheimagesshowedpositiveornegativeemotions.(为了做到这一点,他的团队收集了几十张杰出网球运动员在美国网球公开赛等比赛中赢得或失去关键分时的照片。他们向三组15人的参与者展示只有脸部、身体或两者合一的图像,并询问观众这些图像是否表现出积极或消极的情绪。)可知,第四段主要介绍了研究方法。B.Researchmethod.(研究方法。)符合文意,故选B。
(4)词句猜测题。根据第五段Theyshowedthreegroupsof15participantsimagesofjusttheface,justthebody,orbothtogether,andaskedtheviewerswhethertheimagesshowedpositiveornegativeemotions.(他们向三组15人的参与者展示只有脸部、身体或两者合一的图像,并询问观众这些图像是否表现出积极或消极的情绪。)和划线单词所在句子Peoplewhosawthebody—withorwithouttheface—accuratelydistinguishedwhethertheplayerwashappyordistraught.(看到身体的人——不管有没有脸——都能准确地判断出运动员是高兴还是___。)可知,划线单词指的是上文的消极的情绪,即与happy是对应的,表示"心烦的"。A.excited兴奋的;B.indifferent冷漠的;C.shocked震惊的;D.upset沮丧的。故选D。
(5)推理判断题。根据最后一段Interestingly,whenpeoplesawabodyandfacetogether,theysaidtheymadejudgmentsbasedonfacialexpression."Peopleuseinformationfromthebodyandthentheyreaditintotheface,"Hievetsaid.(有趣的是,当人们看到一个身体和一张脸在一起时,他们说他们是根据面部表情做出判断的。"人们从身体上获取信息,然后从脸上读出来,"Hievet说。)可知,Hievet在最后一段所说的话表明人们不知道用肢体语言来解读情绪。C.Peopleareunawareofusingbodylanguagetoreademotions.(人们不知道用肢体语言来解读情绪。)符合文意,故选C。
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一项新的研究发现,当人们处于快乐或绝望的顶峰时,他们的肢体语言比他们的面部表情更能反映他们的情绪。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。17~21.【答案】B、E、G、A、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据前句Somestrategies,suchasexercisingandmanagingweight,arewellknown(一些策略,如锻炼和控制体重,是众所周知的);以及后句Asmallchangeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthelongrun(日常生活中的一个小变化,从长远来看可能会产生巨大影响),可知表示"但你可能没有想到其他的因素"的选项B符合前后的语境,Somestrategies是关键词,故选B。
(2)推理判断题。根据前句Ifwe'reshortofsleep,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingbloodpressure,inflammationandbloodsugarlevels(如果我们睡眠不足,我们的身体也很难控制血压、炎症和血糖水平),可知表示"这些因素都会对心脏和血液健康产生影响"的选项E符合前后的语境,bloodpressure,inflammationandbloodsugarlevels是关键词,故选E。
(3)推理判断题。根据主题句Engageinvolunteerwork(参与志愿者工作),可知表示"为他人做好事有助于增强你的自尊和减轻压力"的选项G符合前后的语境,volunteerwork是关键词,故选G。
(4)主题判断题。根据后句ArecentstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiologyfoundthathealthypeoplewhoskippedbreakfastwerealmostthreetimesmorelikelytohaveheartdiseasesixyearslaterthanthosewhohadasubstantialmorningmeal(《美国心脏病学会杂志》(JournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiology)最近的一项研究发现,不吃早餐的健康人在六年后患心脏病的可能性几乎是那些吃了大量早餐的人的三倍),可知表示"吃早餐"的选项A符合前后的语境,skippedbreakfast是关键词,故选A。
(5)推理判断题。根据前句Weneedtoeatabalanceddietaspartofahealthylifestyle(我们需要均衡饮食,作为健康生活方式的一部分),可知表示"选择全谷物、低脂早餐食物,包括水果"的选项D符合前后的语境,abalanceddiet是关键词,故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一些日常生活中的小变化在预防心脏病方面起到的重要作用。
这是完成性阅读,和完形填空很类似,不同的是一个选词,一个选句子。解题时,要注意上下文语境,充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词),选出最符合语境的句子。22~36.【答案】B、D、A、B、C、B、C、D、A、C、D、A、A、C、B【解析】(1)考查形容词及语境理解。A.ancient古代的;B.modern现代的;C.strange奇怪的,陌生的;D.familiar熟悉的。句意:他被称为现代版的鲁滨逊漂流记。Mauro的故事发生在现在,所以是现代版的鲁宾逊漂流记。故选B。
(2)考查形容词及语境理解。A.messy乱糟糟的;B.deserted遗弃的,废弃的;C.busy繁忙的;D.primitive原始的,古朴的。句意:Morandi守护海岛30年间,保持海滩的古朴与清洁。根据后文"andclean"可知Morandi守护海岛30年间,保持海滩的古朴与清洁。故选D。
(3)考查动词及语境理解。A.recalled回忆;B.expected期望;C.disliked不喜欢;D.denied否认。句意:他回忆说,他每天早上醒来都能看到连绵不绝的海景。根据后文"thateverymorninghewokeuptoanuninterruptedseaview."以及Mauro如今退休了,所以是在回忆。故选A。
(4)考查介词短语及语境理解。A.inneedof需要;B.inlinewith与……一致;C.inchargeof对……负责;D.inconflictwith与……冲突。句意:融合在大自然中,与黎明的声音和野牛动物的习性保持一致,在那里他独自生活了30多年,根据后文"thedawnsoundsandhabitsofthewildlife"指与黎明的声音和野生动物的习性保持一致。故选B。
(5)考查动词及语境理解。A.hid躲藏,隐蔽;B.played玩耍;C.lived居住;D.travelled旅行。句意:融合在大自然中,与黎明的声音和野生动物的习性保持一致,在那里他独自生活了30多年。根据后文"aloneformorethanthreedecades"可知,在那里他独自生活了30多年。故选C。
(6)考查动词及语境理解。A.marked标记,标识;B.known了解,知道;C.drawn画画;D.damaged破坏,毁坏。句意:三个月前,Mauro离开了他熟悉的所有岩石、树木和动物物种的布德利。根据后文"aloneformorethanthreedecades"可知,他在那里生活了三十年,十分了解当地的一草一木。故选B。
(7)考查名词及语境理解。A.anger愤怒;B.doubt怀疑;C.curiosity好奇;D.awareness意识。句意:他原以为退休后公众对他的生活的好奇会减少。根据后文"fansfromaroundtheworldstillsenthimmessages"可知此处指公众对他生活的好奇。故选C。
(8)考查名词及语境理解。A.escape逃离;B.promotion升职;C.volunteering志愿工作;D.retirement退休。句意:他原以为退休后公众对他的生活的好奇会减少。呼应上文"MauroMorandi,an82-year-oldItalian,istheretiredcaretakerofBudelli"指他退休后
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