联合国人类发展报告中国部分(2007-2008)中英文对照词汇表

联合国人类发展报告中国部分（2007-2008）中英文对照词汇表/李长栓星期三,10/14/2009-08:47—李长栓

（城镇）最低生活保障制度

anurbanminimumlivingsecuritysubsidysystem（公共就业服务）满意度/主观感受Public’sperceptionsofemploymentservices（基本公共服务均等化政策目标的）核心Thethrustof…（民间）社会组织Civilsocietyorganizations“吃饭”财政（财政收入用于发工资）区别与“公共财政”publicfinance，财政收入用于提供公共服务）建设财政（constructionfinance，财政收入用于建设）therevenuesbarelymeetstaffsalaries/Financialcapacitiessketchjustfarenoughtocoverpayrolls/“payroll”finance

“大包大揽”的基本公共服务供给theGovernmentwasthesolesupplierofbasicpublicservices/monopolysupplyofpublicservices“非重点”学校“non-key”schools“劳动者自主择业、市场调节就业、政府促进就业”labourersselectingtheirjobsontheirown,marketsregulatingemploymentdemandandsupply,andtheGovernmentpromotingemployment

“以人为本”的发展观people-baseddevelopmentapproach“正式工”和“临时工”a“regularworker”anda“temporaryworker”“重点”学校“key”schools《残疾人就业条例》RulesontheEmploymentofDisabledPersons《关于全面推进零就业家庭援助工作的通知》NoticeonComprehensivelyPromotingAssistancetoZero-EmploymentFamilies《国家八七扶贫攻坚计划》the8-7NationalPlanforPriorityPovertyReduction《国家教育督导报告2005》TheNationalEducationInspectionReport2005《国营企业职工待业保险暂行规定》TheTemporaryProvisionsonLaid-offInsurancefor(State-ownedEnterprises)Employees《全民所有制工业企业转换经营机制条例》RegulationsonTransformingtheOperatingMechanismofIndustrialEnterprisesOwnedbytheWholePeople《失业保险条例》ProvisionsonLaid-offInsurancefor(State-ownedEnterprises)Employees《医药行业"十一五"发展指导意见》“GuidingPoliciesfortheDevelopmentoftheMedicineIndustryinthe11thFive-YearPlanPeriod”《职业介绍暂行规定》InterimRulesontheEmploymentService《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》Decisionon“SeveralImportantIssuesinConstructingofaSocialistHarmoniousSociety”《中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》DecisionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaon“SomeIssuesConcerningtheImprovementoftheSocialistMarketEconomy”《中国妇女发展纲要》OutlineProgrammeforDevelopmentofChineseWomen《中国统计年鉴》ChinaStatisticalYearbook《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年（2006-2010年规划纲要）》theOutlineofEleventhFive-Year(20062010)PlanofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopment《中华人民共和国劳动法》LabourLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina…是在…的过程中实现的/在…的背景下发生的…coincidewith…/progresshasoccurredalongside…2001年-2005年的《中国教育经费统计年鉴》ChinaEducationFinanceStatistics2001-20052006年公共就业服务满意度调查a2006surveyontheChinesepublic’sperceptionsofemploymentservices三级……网Athreetierednetwork集体公益金collectivepublicwelfarefund就业是人类发展的一个重要维度，不仅是人们收入的来源，也关系到人的尊严，是社会成员赖以生存、融入社会和实现人生价值的重要途径和基本权利。Employmentiskeytohumandevelopmentbecausepeoplederiveearningsaswellasdignityfromfairworkopportunities.Theyopenavenuesforthemselvestobecomeproductivemembersofsociety.土地使用权land-useright必须高度重视meritfullattention考试招生制度thesystemsofexaminationandenrollment按既定的部署和现行汇率计算accordingtoourplanandcalculatedwiththecurrentexchangerate按收入消费高低次序以10%人口为一组Successivesubsetsof10percentofthepopulation按照法律规定支付工资entitledtowagesaccordingtothelaw把经济增长视为发展的目标takingeconomicgrowthastheendofdevelopment办学条件thephysicalconditionsofschools(physicalinfrastructure)保护资源conserveresources保留率Retentionrate保险长期成本Long-terminsurancecosts保险费用Insurancepremium保障后代人的生存和发展assurethedevelopmentoffuturegenerations保障基本生存权、发展权upholdsubsistencerightsandfosterthedevelopmentofallmembersofthesociety保障社会公平正义Guaranteesocialjusticeandfairness保障水平Thelevelofbenefitcoverage报销reimbursement比例

share;prevalence必不可少的先决条件essentialprerequisite必须长期坚持的重要指导思想importantguidingprincipletobefollowedforalongtimetocome毕业生升学率progressionrate,rateofprogressionforprimaryschoolgraduatesintomiddleschools边际消费marginalconsumption边疆地区borderarea编辑委员会Editorialboard表明shedsomelightonthequestion病床使用率utilizationrateofhospitalbeds剥夺人的可行能力denialsofcapability不断扩大的收入差距rapidincreasesinincomeinequality不同所有制（国有制和集体所有制）stateownershipversuscollective财力Finance/fiscalposition财力基础revenuebase财权（财权和事权统一balanceresourcesandresponsibilities）Fiscaljurisdiction/resources财政分权fiscaldecentralization财政分灶separatesfinancialrevenuesandexpenditure财政和政策支持financialincentivesandpolicysupport财政可行性financiallyfeasible/feasibility财政能力fiscalcapacity;financecapacity财政收入budgetrevenue财政收入丰厚的地方Withstronglocalrevenuebases财政投入governmentinvestment财政性公共服务支出governmentspendingonsocialservices财政性教育和卫生支出绝对额absoluteamountofgovernmentspendingoneducationandhealthcare财政支出budgetspending财政支农资金的稳定增长机制asteadyfund-increasemechanismforfarmers/amechanismforsteadyincreaseofbudgetspendingonagriculture财政制度fiscalsystem财政转移支付fiscaltransfers财政资源Budgetaryresources财政资源和人力资源Fiscalandhumanresources采暖费heatingexpenses残疾人Peoplewithadisability残疾调整生命年Disability-adjustedlifeyears(DALY)差别费率premiumratedifferentials/differentiatedpremium差距shortfalls;disparities;gap产妇护理资源短缺theshortageofmaternalcareresources产假maternityleave产前检查率prenatalcheck-uprate产值Productionvalue成人识字率adultliteracyrate成为居民街头巷议的主要话题beworsenedtothepointofbecomingacommonsourceofdiscussionandconcern城乡、地区和不同社会群体之间的基本公共服务均等化theequalizationofbasicpublicservicesacrossregionsandsocialgroups城乡差距wideninggapsindevelopmentbetweenurbanandruralareas/urban-ruraldisparities城乡二元的医疗保险制度thedualsystemofmedicalinsurance城乡二元公共服务体制dualisticurban-ruralsystemofbasicpublicservice城乡二元体系Dualisticurban-ruralsystem城乡居民内部的收入分配差距incomeinequalitiesamongdifferentsocialgroups城乡每千人医疗结构床位数和城乡每千人卫生技术人员数thenumberofurbanandruralhospitalbedsandmedicalpersonnelper1000people城乡人均收入比urban-ruralratioinpercapitaincome城乡收入差距Urban-ruralincomegap城乡一体的社会保障体系anintegratednationalsocialinsurancesystem城乡医疗卫生服务和城乡居民健康状况的差距thedeepgapsinhealthservesandoutcomesbetweenurbanandruralareas城乡医疗卫生体系urbanandruralhealthcarefacilities城乡医院对口支援one-on-oneassistancebetweenurbanandruralhospitals城乡之间、沿海和内陆之间、不同社会群体之间和性别之间的发展差距developmentgapsbetweenurbanandruralareas,coastalandinteriorregions,gendersandpopulationgroups城镇常住人口Permanenturbanpopulation城镇户口还是农村户口statusintheHukousystem城镇居民最低生活保障制度MinimumLivingStandardAllowanceforurbanresidents城镇企业职工养老保险pensioninsuranceforworkersinurbanenterprises城镇社会救助制度urbansocialreliefsystem城镇失业保险制度urbanunemploymentinsurance城镇养老保险参保人数thenumberofurbanold-ageinsuranceparticipants城镇医疗服务体制Urbanandruralmedicalservicesystems城镇职工基本医疗保险、城镇居民基本医疗保险basicmedicalinsurancesystemsforurbanworkersandresidents持续快速的经济增长Sustainedandrapideconomicgrowth充分发挥个人能力的就业havingafulfillingjob充分发挥自身潜力Takefulladvantageoftheirpotentials筹集资金Poolfund出身Socialorigin出生时预期寿命Lifeexpectancyatbirth出生性别比Sexratioatbirth初中阶段毛入学率thegrossenrolmentrateinjuniormiddleschools处在中等人类发展国家行列的中下游rightinthecentreofthemiddlehumandevelopmentlevelrange传染病控制controlinfectiousdiseases传授技能impartskills创造了温饱的基本条件toprovideadequateconditionsforsubsistence辍学率drop-outrates次级劳动力市场informalsector从各个方面改善生活positivechangescanbefoundinvirtuallyallaspectsofthelives从执行情况看actualexecutionofthismechanism促进德、智、体全面发展的课外活动Extracurriculareducational,athleticandsocialactivitiestoprovidestudentswithwell-roundeddevelopment促进和谐社会建设Promotetheconstructionofaharmonioussociety促进人的全面发展developone’shumancapacitytothefullest村卫生室Villageclinics大规模的“开发式扶贫”large-scaledevelopment(-basedpovertyreduction)campaign大规模的人口流动large-scalepopulationmovements;massivemovementofthelaborforce大量农民工进入城镇Rural-urbanmigrationbegintoaccelerate大专juniorcollege代际传递intergenerationaltransmission代际贫困传递theintergenerationaltransmissionofpoverty代课教师Substituteteachers带来人类发展的进步Generateimprovementsinhumandevelopment贷款贴息、税收减免和再就业补贴discountloans,taxexemptionsandreemploymentsubsidies单一的公有制被多种所有制的共同发展所取代thedominanceofpublicownershiphasbeenincrementallyreplacedbymultipleformsofownership但是，就象HDI只能评估人类发展的小部分领域而不能评估人类发展的全貌一样，GDI也只能评估性别公平的部分领域。Atthesametime,itisimportanttonotethattheGDI,liketheHDI,onlycoversasmallnumberofimportantbutnotcomprehensivefacetsofhumandevelopmentandequitablegenderdevelopment.德智体美全面发展areall-roundachieversinmoral,intellectual,physicalandaestheticeducation低保minimumlivingsecurityallowance低成本劳动密集型制造业lowwageandlabor-intensivemanufacturing低可行能力thepoorcapacitytomakealivelihood低人类发展水平low-humandevelopmentfloor低收入家庭Low-incomehouseholds低体重婴儿low-birth-weightinfants地表水（地下水groundwater）Surfacewater地方财政支出fundsfromlocalgovernments地方政府事权和财力（responsibilityandavailableresourcesoflocalgovernments）administrativejurisdictionsandavailablefinancialresources地级市Prefecture-levelcities街道sub-district地区间人类发展的总体差距Aggregatedisparity地位弱化Roledeclines第三产业Tertiaryindustry第三次全国卫生服务调查TheThirdNationalHealthServiceSurvey第一产业Primaryindustry第一要义thefirstandforemostgoal奠定基础Setthestagefor调整政策导向Reorientitspolicies独立、客观、公正的立场independence,objectivityandimpartiality对……做出了系统总结outlinethegistofsth.对口支援one-on-oneassistance多元付费机制Multiple-contributionmechanism多种所有制Multipleformsofownership多种所有制经济发展simultaneousdevelopmentofmultipleformsofownership恶性循环viciouscircle儿童免疫immunizationofchildren二次世界大战后thepost-WorldWarIIera二元结构thedualisticstructure二元经济结构转型transformationoftheolddualstructureoftheeconomy发布的第一份人类发展报告debut发出（通知）approve发达地区和欠发达地区better-offandpoorerregions发挥个人能力unleashone’sability发挥核心作用Becentralto发挥人的首创精神enablingpeopletotakeinitiatives发育不良儿童stuntedchildren发展的前提prerequisitefordevelopment发展模式Economicmodel法律援助legalaid反贫困Anti-poverty反贫困投入anti-povertyefforts非凡的成就aremarkablefeat非农业户口（他是……）Aregisteredfarmer非农业人口non-farmingpopulation非正规就业flexiblyemployed费率档次tiersofpremiumrates费用Expenses/expenditures分配趋势distributionaltrends分税改革制Tax-sharingreforms丰富的人力资源anenormouspoolofhumanresources风险分担机制risk-sharingmechanism扶贫工作机构specializedagenciesforpovertyreduction妇幼卫生服务healthservicesforwomenandchildren附表Appendix/schedule附加险supplementaryinsurance复杂的（社会）结构complexstructures赴国外旅游、工作、学习Accesstotravel,workandstudyintheoutsideworld副作用asideeffect富国和穷国的生活水平之间的巨大差距largediscrepanciesinstandardsoflivingbetweenwealthierandpoorernations覆盖面不宽Limitedcoverage覆盖面不宽、投入不足、供给不均衡withlimitedcoverageandanumberofgaps(…inadequateinput,andunbalancedsupply)覆盖全民的基本社会保障制度asocialsecuritysystemforall覆盖全民的基本医疗保障体制thebasichealthcaresystemcoveringallresidentsinthecountry改革的目标Reformthrusts改革开放reformandopeningup改革开放之初thebeginningyearsofreformera改善民生improvementofpeople’swell-being改善速度、广度和程度thespeed,scopeandmagnitudeoftheimprovements改水改厕improvedsanitation；improvementsinsanitation岗前培训pre-jobtraining岗位posts职位Positions岗位工作能力vocationalskills高附加值Highvalue-added高寒、缺水地区coldandwater-scareareas高收入群体thehighestincomegroups高素质劳动力Suitablyhigherskilledlaborforce高危行业high-riskindustry高学历教师teacherswithhighereducation;higher-educationbackgroundteachers高血压hypertension高职称教师teacherswithhigherprofessionaltitles个人承担医疗保健privatemedicalcost个人交费Individualcontribution个人卫生支出household’sownexpendituresonmedicalcare个人选择空间小lessspaceforpersonalchoice个人账户Personalaccount个人支付比重shareofpersonalpayments各国（数据）country-specific各级地方政府thespectrumoflocalgovernments各级学校的入学率Schoolenrolmentratio各级政府Governmentatalllevels给……带来压力Squeeze给经济增长带来负面影响exactheavyeconomictolls根本方法fundamentalmethod工人下岗/冗员redundancies工伤work-relatedinjury工伤保险work-relatedinjuryinsurance,workplaceinjuryinsurance工业反哺农业、城市支持农村industryfeedsagricultureandcitiessupportruralareas工业化中期Mediumlevelofindustrialization公办教师government-paidteachers公布实施promulgationandimplementation公共财政体系Publicfinancesystem公共财政投入publicfiscalinputs公共服务Social/publicservice公共服务城乡二元结构pre-reformdualisticstructureofpublicservices公共服务供给servicedelivery公共服务供给体制publicservicedeliverysystem公共服务绝对平均化egalitarianoutcomesinpublicservice公共服务均等equalavailabilityofpublicservice/equalizethepublicservice公共服务均等化equalizationofpublicservice/equalaccesstopublicservice/equalizingpublicservice公共服务体制和制度publicservicesystemsandinstitutions公共福利标准publicwelfarecriteria公共教育经费Publicexpenditureoneducation公共就业服务publicemploymentservice公共就业服务机构employmentserviceorganizations公共就业服务资源利用效率不高insufficientuseofpublicemploymentresources公共卫生publichealth公共卫生和基本医疗publichealthandbasicmedicalcare公共卫生和基本医疗体系远远满足不了实际需求Howthedemandformedicalcarevastlyexceedthesupply公共卫生突发事件publichealthemergencies公共性服务socialservices公共需求Publicneedsandexpectations公共需求变化theChinesepeople’srisingexpectations公平发展equitabledevelopment公用经费budgetaryfundforpublicuse公有制Publicownership共同负担经费Sharetheprovisionoffunds共有援助险mutualaidinsurance构成了本报告的研究基础Theseresearchresultshaveservedasastartingpointforpreparingthisreport.购买力purchasingpower购买力平价PPP(purchasingpowerparity)骨骼氟中毒skeletalfluorosis固定资产fixedasset固有特性Intrinsicmerit关键指标keymetric管理体制Administrationsystem贯彻落实科学发展观topracticethescientificdevelopmentconcept广泛broad-based广泛关注的问题Hottopics广泛增长broad-basedgrowth规定underit/stipulate规划纲要Outline国家教育督导报告NationalInspectionReportonEducation国家师资标准Nationalqualificationstandard国家统计局nationalbureauofstatistics国家卫生服务调查NationalHealthServiceSurvey国内国际两个大局theoverallinternationalanddomesticsituation国统一的制度安排Arrangementsfortheentirenation国有企业state-ownedenterprises国有企业改革减员增效state-ownedenterprisesbeganreducingtheirworkforces国有企业重组改制和关闭破产过程还会有工人下岗withfurtherreformsproducingmoreredundancies过度用药/开大药方over-prescription过上充实的生活Livefulllive