安徽省合肥市高三下学期第一次教学质量检测英语试题

2024年合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测(一模)英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howwillthewomangototheairport?A.Bybus.B.BysubwayC.Bytaxi.2.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Fellowworkers.3.Whydoesthemanmakethephonecall?A.Toconfirmaplan.B.Topostponeameeting.C.Torescheduleareservation.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inarestaurant.B.Athome.C.Onthestreet.5.Whyisthewomanintheoffice?A.Topreparedocuments.B.Towaitforacolleague.C.Tomeetadeadline.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Remendingasuitcase.B.Inquiringabouthisluggage.C.Confirminghisflightnumber.7.Whatdocsthemansayaboutthesuitcase?A.Ithasrecognizablefeatures.B.Ithasbeentakenbymistake.C.Itishisdaughter’sspecialtoy.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Tripplans.B.Flatdecorations.C.Partypreparations.9.Whowillprobablygettheballoons?A.MaryB.Wilson.C.Jack.10.Whatdocsthemansuggestdoingattheendoftheconversation?A.AskingRichardforhelpB.Gettingthemedrelateddecorations.C.Makingpostersforoceanprotection.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.WhatdoesthemandislikeaboutthepurpleTshirt?A.Thepatternonit.B.Itscolor.C.Itsmaterial.12.Whatdoesthemanbuyforhisdaughter?A.Jeans.B.Adress.C.ATshirt.13.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.$50.B.$75C.$100.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthemando?A.Awriter.B.Ateacher.C.Aphotographer.15.Whydocsthewomansuggestthemantakeatrip?A.TotakephotosB.TomeetpeopleC.Torelievepressure16.Howwillthecoupledecidewheretogo?A.Bysearchingonline.B.Byconsultingafriend.C.Byturningtotheirson.17.WhatwillthewomandothisFriday?A.Eatout.B.DothepackingC.Goshopping听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatdoweknowaboutthequartermileroad?A.Itcanprovidewirelesschargingservice.B.Itcanincreasetheefficiencyofvehicles.C.Itisspeciallydesignedtoproducepower.19.HowdoesStefanTongurfeelabouttheproject?A.Itisverypopularandwidelyused.B.Itissafeandenvironmentfriendly.C.Itissustainableandenergyefficient.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Awirelesssmartroad.B.Anewelectricvehicle.C.Aroadsecuritysystem第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHongKonghasthelargestcollectionofhighrisebuildingsonEarth,manyofwhichhavebeendesignedbyworldfamousarchitects.HSBCHeadquartersBuildingIn1979,theHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HSBC)launchedaninternationaldesignpetitionforitsnewheadquarters.Foster+Partners,headedbyarchitectSirNormanFoster,wonthepetitionwithanoutoftheboxidea.WithabudgetofroughlyS667millionintheday’scurrency,theBritishvisionaryhadthemodular(模块化的)piecesconstructedintheUS,JapanandtheUKbeforeshippingthemtoHongKongforassembly(组装).TheHendersonZahaHadidArchitects(ZHA)hasrevealedplanstoreplaceamultistorycarparkinHongKong’scentralbusinessdistrictwithanew623foottower.LikesomanyofZHA’svisionaryprojects,theofficetower,pletedin2023,integratestechnologywithnaturalenvironments.Forinstance,thereisaskygardenwhichisanoutdoorrecreationalspacewitharunningtrackandaplantingnetworkthatactsasaneffectivebiologicalairpurifyingfilterbyconsumingpollutants.TwoInternationalFinanceCentreOnaclearday,youcanseestraightacrossHongKongfromtheofficesinTwoInternationalFinanceCenter(2IFC),pletedin2003.DesignedbythelateCesarPelli,the1,352foottowerwasthetallestinthecityuponitspletion.Ittransformedtheskylinewhenitopenedwithitsbreathtakingheightandtapered(锥形的)shape,symbolizingHongKong’srise.BankofChinaTowerThe1,205foottower,pletedin1990,brokerecordsatthetimeandbecameaninstantlandmarkasthefirsttowerover985feetoutsideNorthAmerica.Avisionofurbanenergy,expansionandgeometry,theBankofChinaTower(BOCTower)wasdesignedtoresembleabambooshoot,symbolizingstrength,vitalityandChina’semergenceasasignificantplayerininternationalfinance.1.WhatisspecialabouttheHSBCHeadquartersBuilding?A.Itwasdesignedbyseveralarchitectteams. B.Itwasfundedbycountriesacrosstheworld.C.Itsstylewasconsideredtobethemostcreative. D.Itsdesignwasawinningworkofapetition.2.Whichbuildingbinestechnologywithnature?A.HSBCHeadquartersBuilding. B.TheHenderson.C.TwoInternationalFinanceCentre. D.BankofChinaTower.3.WhatdotheBOCTowerand2IFChaveinmon?A.Theyareknownforbeingecofriendly. B.Theywerepletedinthesamecentury.C.TheyusedtobethetallestinHongKong. D.Theyweredesignedbythesamearchitect.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了香港的四座大楼的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“In1979,theHongKongandShanghaiBankingCorporation(HSBC)launchedaninternationaldesignpetitionforitsnewheadquarters.Foster+Partners,headedbyarchitectSirNormanFoster,wonthepetitionwithanoutoftheboxidea.(1979年，香港上海汇丰银行(HSBC)为其新总部发起了一项国际设计竞赛。由建筑师诺曼·福斯特爵士领导的福斯特建筑事务所以一个新颖的想法赢得了比赛)”可知，汇丰总部大楼的特别之处在于它的设计是一项竞赛的获奖作品。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据TheHenderson部分中“LikesomanyofZHA’svisionaryprojects,theofficetower,pletedin2023,integratestechnologywithnaturalenvironments.(像ZHA的许多有远见的项目一样，这座办公大楼于2023年完工，将技术与自然环境融为一体)”可知，TheHenderson结合了科技与自然。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“DesignedbythelateCesarPelli,the1,352foottowerwasthetallestinthecityuponitspletion.(这座1352英尺高的塔楼由已故的凯撒·佩里设计，建成后是该市最高的塔楼)”以及最后一段“The1,205foottower,pletedin1990,brokerecordsatthetimeandbecameaninstantlandmarkasthefirsttowerover985feetoutsideNorthAmerica.(这座1205英尺高的塔于1990年完工，打破了当时的纪录，成为北美以外第一座超过985英尺的塔，立即成为地标)”可知，中银大厦和第二国际金融中心的共同之处是都曾经是香港最高的。故选C。BIninternships(实习期)andjobsthatI,nowacareerwoman,haveeverhad,I’vewatchedprofessionals,experiencedandbrandnewalike,conductinterviewsorpresentinmeetingsandmanyofthemappearunpreparedandlackconfidence.Ithinktheywouldallbenefitfromanactingclass.Acentraltechniqueanactingclasscanequipyouwithisimprovisation(即兴表演).Essentially,skillssuchastheimprovisationprincipleof“Yes,and…”arebeneficialforthinkingonyourfeet.Whensomeonesuggestsanewidea,yousay“yes”andrunwiththesuggestion.Aprofessionalfamiliarwiththistechniquecanentertainandvaluethecontributionsofothers,promotingafreeflowingexchangeofideas,whichinspiresapositive,creativespiritthatthecorporateworldlongsfor.Bothcollegestudentsandprofessionalsmightbenefitfromthevoiceandmovementtraining.Iusedtobeafraidofthevoiceandmovementpartofactingclass.Myactingteacherwouldmakeusdopushupsandyoga.Then,we’dstandupandmoan(呻吟)withvaryingdegreesofvoices.Ihatedthis,andlotsofotherpeopledo,too.Buttheproductofthistrainingisanindividualwhostandstallandspeaksclearlyandloudly.Plus,Istillusethestretchesandwarmupsfromclasstocalmmynervesbeforepresentations.Asanactor,youareastudentofhumanbehavior.Withthat,whenyoureceiveatext,youexploreyourcharacter.Forexample,ifyou’replayingavillain(反派角色),youhavetoapproachyourcharacterfromwhereitstands.Suchanoutlookmakesforawonderfulleader,onethatunderstandscoworkers’situationsandtreatsthemwithpolitenessandunderstanding.I’vebornecountless“Whatareyougoingtodowithatheaterdegree?”speechesfromfamilyandfriends.Butultimately,thesesoftskillsareincrediblyvaluableforyoungprofessionals.Actingtrainingwillsetyouapartfromthepack.4.Whateffectdoestheprincipleof“Yes,and…”haveonprofessionalsfollowingit?A.Itgeneratespositivesuggestions. B.Itbringsaboutsmoothinteraction.C.Itoffersthemgoodentertainmentvalue. D.Ithelpsthemrecognizetheirowncontribution.5.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sexperienceinparagraph3?A.Sheisstillverynervousofheractingteacher.B.Sheisaddictedtoworkingonherphysicalfitness.C.Thetraininghasmadeherbraverandmorepatient.D.Thetraininghasenhancedherpresentationabilities.6.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningexploringcharacters?A.Itisabigchallengeformostofthestudentactors.B.Itmakesthestudyofhumanbehaviormucheasier.C.Itcanhelppeopletoputthemselvesinothers’shoes.D.Itmayimprovetherelationshipbetweencoworkers.7.Whatdoestheauthoradviseyoungprofessionalstodo?ATakeanactingclass. B.PursueactingcareersC.Obtainhigherdegrees. D.Consultfamilyandfriends.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者结合自身经历说明上表演课所带来的一些好处。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Aprofessionalfamiliarwiththistechniquecanentertainandvaluethecontributionsofothers,promotingafreeflowingexchangeofideas,whichinspiresapositive,creativespiritthatthecorporateworldlongsfor.(熟悉这一技巧的专业人士能够接受并重视他人的贡献，促进思想的自由交流，从而激发出企业界所渴望的积极、创新的精神。)”可知，“是的，但是……”的原则可以让遵循这一原则的专业人士有顺畅的互动。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Buttheproductofthistrainingisanindividualwhostandstallandspeaksclearlyandloudly.Plus,Istillusethestretchesandwarmupsfromclasstocalmmynervesbeforepresentations.(但这种训练的结果是一个人站得高，说话清晰响亮。此外，在演讲之前，我仍然会利用课堂上的伸展运动和热身来镇定我的紧张情绪。)”可知，培训提高了她的演讲能力。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Suchanoutlookmakesforawonderfulleader,onethatunderstandscoworkers’situationsandtreatsthemwithpolitenessandunderstanding.(这样的观点造就了一个优秀的领导者，一个理解同事的情况，礼貌和理解地对待他们的人。)”可知，作者提到探索人物是想说明这能帮助人们设身处地地为别人着想。故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Ithinktheywouldallbenefitfromanactingclass.(我觉得上表演课对他们都有好处。)”以及最后一段“Butultimately,thesesoftskillsareincrediblyvaluableforyoungprofessionals.Actingtrainingwillsetyouapartfromthepack.(但最终，这些软技能对年轻专业人士来说是非常有价值的。表演训练将使你与众不同。)”可知，作者建议年轻的专业人士去上表演课。故选A。CHighintheSwissAlpsandtheArctic,scientistshavediscoveredmicrobes(微生物)thatcandigestplastics—importantly,withouttheneedtoapplyextraheat.Theirfindings,publishedinthejournalFrontiersinMicrobiology,couldonedayimproveplasticrecycling.It’snosecretthatplasticpollutionisstillabig,globalissue.SinceitsproductionexplodedduringandafterWorldWarII,humanshavecreatedmorethan9.1billiontonsofplastic—andresearchersestimatethatlessthanonetenthoftheresultingwastehasbeenrecycled.Tomakemattersworse,themostmonrecyclingoption—whenplasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts—doesn’tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—andoneprocessthey’veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplasticdigestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoffmorecarbon—andcostmoremoney.ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable(可生物降解的)plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,coauthorJoelRüthiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyesterpolyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.Unfortunately,theplasticsthatthemicrobespartiallydegradedrepresenta“reallysmallamountofplasticsincirculation,”saidGavinLear,anenvironmentalmicrobiologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Learacknowledgedthatusingnaturalmicrobescanprovideaheadstartwhenitestodesigningastrategyforbiorecycling.Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnonbiodegradablematerials,“andwestarttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit’sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey’relessofanenvironmentalproblem,”heconcluded.8.Whatdoweknowabouttheconventionalrecycling?AItdoesnotliveuptoexpectations. B.Itcontributestomorewaste.C.Itisnotaspopularasbefore. D.Itensuresnewproductquality.9.Whichbestdescribesthemethodofusingthemicrobesinthepreviousstudies?A.Impractical. B.Pioneering C.Reliable. D.Invaluable.10.Whyisthenewstudymentionedinparagraph4?AToprovethemicrobeshaveanobvioustastepreference.B.Toshowthefindingopensdoorstoamoreefficientsystem.C.Toclarifyhowtheprocessofbreakingdownplasticsworks.D.Toexplainwhybiorecyclingisbetterthanconventionalrecycling.11.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“headstart”inparagraph5mean?A.Reward. B.Criterion. C.Protection. D.Advantage.【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。在瑞士阿尔卑斯山和北极的高处，科学家们发现了可以消化塑料的微生物——重要的是，不需要额外的加热。他们的研究结果发表在《微生物学前沿》杂志上，有朝一日可能会改善塑料回收。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Tomakemattersworse,themostmonrecyclingoption—whenplasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts—doesn’tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.(更糟糕的是，最常见的回收选择——将塑料清洗、加工并变成新产品——实际上并没有减少浪费：回收的材料通常质量较低，最终可能还是会被扔进垃圾填埋场)”可知，传统的回收没有达到人们的期望。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—andoneprocessthey’veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplasticdigestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoffmorecarbon—andcostmoremoney.(因此，研究人员正在寻找超越传统回收的塑料问题的解决方案，他们已经试验了一种方法，即用微生物分解塑料。但已知的塑料消化微生物只能在85华氏度以上的温暖温度下进行。当在工业规模上进行时，产生这么多热量所需的能量会使该过程释放更多的碳，并花费更多的钱)”可推知，之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切实际的。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable(可生物降解的)plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,coauthorJoelRüthiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyesterpolyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.(但在北极和瑞士阿尔卑斯山发现的微生物可以在更低的温度下工作：它们能够在59华氏度的温度下分解可生物降解的塑料。在这项新研究中，合著者JoelRüthi和他的同事们发现，在总共34种被检测的微生物中，19种能够成功地分解一种叫做聚酯聚氨酯的塑料，17种可以分解两种可生物降解的塑料混合物)”可知，新发现检测到微生物可以分解更多的塑料，结合第三段提到之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切实际的，可推知，第4段提到了这项新研究是为了表明这一发现为更有效的系统打开了大门。故选B。11题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnonbiodegradablematerials,“andwestarttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit’sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey’relessofanenvironmentalproblem,”heconcluded.(如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，“我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，这是件好事，”他总结道)”可知，GavinLear提到如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，由此说明使用天然微生物具有良好的优势。故划线词意思是“优势”。故选D。DApairofresearcherswithLeibnizUniversityofHannoverhasdemonstratedthemeansbywhichrobotsmightbeprogrammedtoexperiencesomethingsimilartopaininanimals.Aspartoftheirdemonstrationatlastweek’sIEEEInternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAutomationheldinStockholm,JohannesKuehnandSamiHaddaddinshowedhowpainmightbeusedinrobots,byinteractingwithaBioTacfingertipsensorontheendofaKukaroboticarmthathadbeenprogrammedtoreactdifferentlytodifferingamountsofpain.Theideaofdevelopinganartificialrobotnervoussystemmayseemcontrarytoallexpectations,butKuehnsaysdoingsoisimportantinthesamewaythatitisgoodforhumanstofeelpain.“Painisasystemthatprotectsus,”saysKuchn.“Whenweavoidthesourceofpain,ithelpsusnotgethurt.”Sowhenrobotscanfeelandreacttopain,theywillbeesmartenoughtoavoidit.Themoredangeroustherobotregistersthethreattobe,thefasteritwillwithdrawandavoidthesourceofdanger.Additionally,KuehnandHaddadinsayhumansworkingalongsiderobotsthatfeelpain,especiallythoseinheavymachinery,willbeprotectedaroundthem.Theyhavetestedoutsomeoftheirideasusingaroboticarmwithafingertipsensorthatcandetectpressureandtemperature.Itusesarobottissuepatch(小片)modeledonhumanskintodecidehowmuchpainshouldbefeltandthuswhatactiontotake.Forexample,ifthearmfeelslightpain,itslowlywithdrawsuntilthepainstops,andthenreturnstoitsoriginaltask;severepain,meanwhile,causesthearmtogointoakindoflockdownmodeuntilitcangethelpfromahumanoperator.Suchrobotsarelikelytoraiseahostofquestions,ofcourse,iftheybeemoremon—ifarobotactsthesamewayahumandoeswhentouchingahotplate,arewetobelieveitistrulyexperiencingpain?Onlytimewilltellofcourse,butonethingthatisevident,KuehnandHaddadin’sworkcouldleadtorobotsthataremorehumanlikethanever.12.Whatdowelearnabouttherobotsinthedemonstration?A.Theycanlearnskillslikeanimals. B.Theycanmunicatewithpeople.C.Theyhavetheabilitytofeelpain. D.Theyresponddifferentlytorequests.13.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Thesignificanceofteachingrobotstofeelpain.B.Theprincipleofrobots’avoidanceofinjuries.C.Theanalysisoftheartificialrobotnervoussystem.D.Thevalueofprotectinghumanworkersfrominjury.14.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninparagraph3?A.Therobotissmartenoughtocarryoutdifferenttasks.B.Therobotcanhardlyworkaswellasahumanoperator.C.Therobotcanreactdifferentlybasedondegreesofpain.D.Therobotistolerantofchangesofpressureandtemperature.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardKuehnandHaddadin’sstudy?A.Dismissive. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Optimistic.【答案】12.C13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以感知疼痛的机器人，解释了教会机器人感知疼痛的意义以及机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Aspartoftheirdemonstrationatlastweek’sIEEEInternationalConferenceonRoboticsandAutomationheldinStockholm,JohannesKuehnandSamiHaddaddinshowedhowpainmightbeusedinrobots,byinteractingwithaBioTacfingertipsensorontheendofaKukaroboticarmthathadbeenprogrammedtoreactdifferentlytodifferingamountsofpain.(上周在斯德哥尔摩举行的IEEE机器人与自动化国际会议上，JohannesKuehn和SamiHaddaddin展示了疼痛如何应用于机器人，通过与Kuka机械臂末端的BioTac指尖传感器进行交互，该传感器已被编程为对不同程度的疼痛做出不同的反应)”可知，演示中的机器人有感觉疼痛的能力。故选C。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Theideaofdevelopinganartificialrobotnervoussystemmayseemcontrarytoallexpectations,butKuehnsaysdoingsoisimportantinthesamewaythatitisgoodforhumanstofeelpain.“Painisasystemthatprotectsus,”saysKuchn.“Whenweavoidthesourceofpain,ithelpsusnotgethurt.”Sowhenrobotscanfeelandreacttopain,theywillbeesmartenoughtoavoidit.Themoredangeroustherobotregistersthethreattobe,thefasteritwillwithdrawandavoidthesourceofdanger.Additionally,KuehnandHaddadinsayhumansworkingalongsiderobotsthatfeelpain,especiallythoseinheavymachinery,willbeprotectedaroundthem.(开发人工机器人神经系统的想法似乎与所有人的期望相反，但库恩说，这样做很重要，就像人类感觉疼痛一样。“疼痛是一种保护我们的系统，”库恩说。“当我们避开痛苦的根源时，它就能帮助我们不受伤。”因此，当机器人能够感受到疼痛并做出反应时，它们将变得足够聪明，能够避免疼痛。机器人发现的威胁越危险，它就会越快地撤离并避开危险源。此外，Kuehn和hadadin说，人类和机器人一起工作，尤其是那些在重型机械上工作的机器人，将会受到保护)”可知，第二段主要讲的是教会机器人感知疼痛的意义。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Forexample,ifthearmfeelslightpain,itslowlywithdrawsuntilthepainstops,andthenreturnstoitsoriginaltask;severepain,meanwhile,causesthearmtogointoakindoflockdownmodeuntilitcangethelpfromahumanoperator.(例如，如果手臂感到轻微疼痛，它就会慢慢退缩，直到疼痛停止，然后再回到原来的工作中；与此同时，剧烈的疼痛会导致手臂进入一种锁定模式，直到它能得到人类操作员的帮助)”可知，机器人可以根据疼痛程度做出不同的反应。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Onlytimewilltellofcourse,butonethingthatisevident,KuehnandHaddadin’sworkcouldleadtorobotsthataremorehumanlikethanever.(当然，只有时间才能告诉我们答案，但有一件事是显而易见的，库恩和哈达丁的工作可能会让机器人变得比以往任何时候都更像人类)”可推知，作者对库恩和哈达丁的研究持乐观态度。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whensomethinggoeswrong,doyoutendtobouncebackorfallapart?Herearesomestrategicstohelpyoumanageapersonalsetback(挫折)andgetbackontracktowardachievingyourgoal.●Realizeit’snormal.Lessthan20percentofpeoplesuccessfullyachievetheirgoalthefirsttimearound.It’snormalandexpectedforsetbackstooccur.___16___Knowingthis,it’simportanttoanticipatethatthemaintaskwillbehowtoeffectivelymanagethesetbackwhenitarises.●Don’tdenyit.Sometimesit’shardtorecognizeasetback.Theproblemcanbestaringyourightintheface,butyoumaydenythere’sanycauseforalarm.___17___Thisinabilitytoacknowledgetheproblemdoesn’tmeanyou’restupid.It’sjustthatdenialcancloudyourawarenessoftheissue.It’simportanttobereceptivetothehonestfeedback.___18___Stopandconsidercarefullywhatwentwrong.Themostmoncausesofasetbackarepersonalworries,overconfidence,andpoorcopingskills.Takealookatanyfactorthatmayhavecontributedtothesetback:whereyouwere,whoyouwerewith,whatyouwerethinkingandfeeling.●Learnfromit.Learnfromyouranalysisofthesetback,andadjustyourplantotrytopreventsimilarthingsfromhappeningthenexttime.Eachtimeyoufinetuneyourplanandputitintoactionagain,youactuallyimproveyouroddsofeventualsuccess.___19___Remindyourselfthatyoursetbackisaslipinsteadofafall.___20___Afteradjusting,youcanstillmakeprogresstowardsuccessagain.A.Don’ttakeitseriously.B.Analyzewhathappened.C.Youhaven’tlostalloftheknowledge,skills,andsupport.D.Inotherwords,it’snotwhetherachallengewillhappen,butit’swhen.E.Thisisbecauseyoulearnfromeachmissteptomakeyourplanmoreeffective.F.Friendsorfamilywillvoicetheirconcerns,butyoustillmaynotbeabletoacceptit.G.Youmightevenwriteaboutpastexperiencesinajournaltoguideyourfuturebehavior.【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.E20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些有助于处理个人挫折并回到实现目标的轨道上的策略。【16题详解】根据前文“Lessthan20percentofpeoplesuccessfullyachievetheirgoalthefirsttimearound.It’snormalandexpectedforsetbackstooccur.(只有不到20%的人第一次就成功实现了自己的目标。出现挫折是正常的，也是意料之中的。)”可知，此处是指挫折大概率是会发生的，只是早晚的区别，所以选项D“换句话说，挑战是否会发生并不重要，重要的是何时发生。”切合文意。故选D。【17题详解】根据前文“Sometimesit’shardtorecognizeasetback.Theproblemcanbestaringyourightintheface,butyoumaydenythere’sanycauseforalarm.(有时候很难察觉到挫折。问题可能就在你眼前，但你可能会否认有任何惊慌的理由。)”可知，此处是指即使朋友或家人提醒你也可能无法承认问题的存在，所以选项F“朋友或家人会表达他们的担忧，但你可能仍然无法接受。”切合文意。故选F。【18题详解】根据后文“Stopandconsidercarefullywhatwentwrong.(停下来仔细想想哪里出了问题。)”可知，此处是指分析发生的事情，所以选项B“分析发生了什么。”切合文意。故选B。【19题详解】根据前文“Learnfromit.Learnfromyouranalysisofthesetback,andadjustyourplantotrytopreventsimilarthingsfromhappeningthenexttime.Eachtimeyoufinetuneyourplanandputitintoactionagain,youactuallyimproveyouroddsofeventualsuccess.(从中吸取教训。从你对挫折的分析中学习，调整你的计划，尽量防止类似的事情再次发生。每次你调整你的计划并再次付诸行动，你实际上提高了最终成功的几率。)”可知，此处是指从挫折中吸取的教训会让你的计划更高效，所以选项E“这是因为你从每一个错误中学习，使你的计划更有效。”切合文意。故选E。【20题详解】根据前文“Remindyourselfthatyoursetbackisaslipinsteadofafall.(提醒自己，你的挫折是一次滑倒，而不是跌倒。)”和后文“Afteradjusting,youcanstillmakeprogresstowardsuccessagain.(调整之后，你仍然可以再次向成功迈进。)”可知，此处是讲即使面对挫折你仍然具有的优势，所以选项C“你并没有失去所有的知识、技能和支持。”切合文意。故选C。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AbigailAdjiritookpartinapetitionforkidsaged7through12.She,atonly,hastakenGhanaby___21___,winningoverviewerswithherimpressivedancemoves.It’snot___22___formostpeopletobeeskilleddancers,especiallyforlittleAbigailwhois___23___.Abigailhasbeentrainedto___24___thevibrations(震动)shefeelswithherfeet,___25___listeningtothebeatofsongs.Herprecisecalculationshaveallowedherto___26___impressivemoves.Still,Abigail’sMomwas___27___aboutthefactthattheirgoalwastogetthe7yearoldahearingaid—buttheyneeded___28___.Theymadethisknownon“OnuaShowtimewithNanaAmaMeBrown”,atalkshowinGhana.AwomannamedJoyce,whoheardlittleAbigail’sstory,was___29___toetoherassistance.AfterreachingouttoMeBrown,shewasableto____30____$5,000forthehearingaidand$400forinsurancesothatitcanbereplacedor____31____,ifneeded.Asyoucanimagine,AbigailandherMomwere____32____.Infact,thetwoofthemreturnedtoMeBrown’sshowwherethe7yearoldhappilyshowedoffhernew____33____,withthehelpofwhichlittleAbigailansweredquestionsfromtheMeBrown.ThepurejoyonAbigail’sfaceisabsolutely____34____.FolkslikeJoycetrulyserveasa____35____thatthereismoregoodintheworldthanwerealizeattimes.21.A.name B.reputation C.design D.storm22.A.fair B.easy C.surprising D.secret23.A.onearmed B.bowlegged C.deaf D.blind24.A.resist B.interrupt C.adjust D.match25.A.ratherthan B.thanksto C.regardlessof D.apartfrom26.A.pulloff B.slowdown C.lookinto D.referto27.A.curious B.hesitant C.nervous D.frank28.A.trust B.luck C.help D.courage29.A.moved B.surprised C.grateful D.brave30.A.save B.donate C.invest D.make31.A.repaired B.damaged C.abandoned D.shared32.A.onthego B.overthemoon C.underacloud D.ataloss33.A.dance B.song C.award D.device34.A.awkward B.pointless C.priceless D.beneficial35.A.solution B.reminder C.warning D.discovery【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.D25.A26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.A32.B33.D34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了耳聋的女孩AbigailAdjiri参加了一项针对7至12岁儿童的比赛，用她令人印象深刻的舞蹈动作赢得了观众。同时她的故事还感动了一位叫乔伊斯的妇女，为她捐款购买了新的助听器。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她，仅仅是在加纳掀起了一场风暴，用她令人印象深刻的舞蹈动作赢得了观众。A.name名字；B.reputation名誉；C.design设计；D.storm风暴。根据后文“winningoverviewerswithherimpressivedancemoves”指她的舞蹈风靡一时，短语bystorm表示“风靡一时”。故选D。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于大多数人来说，成为熟练的舞者并不容易，尤其是对于耳聋的小阿比盖尔来说。A.fair公平的；B.easy容易的；C.surprising惊人的；D.secret秘密的。根据后文“formostpeopletobeeskilleddancers”指成为熟练的舞者不容易，故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于大多数人来说，成为熟练的舞者并不容易，尤其是对于耳聋的小阿比盖尔来说。A.onearmed独臂的；B.bowlegged罗圈腿的；C.deaf聋的；D.blind盲目的。根据后文“getthe7yearoldahearingaid”可知，阿比盖尔耳聋，听不见。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：阿比盖尔被训练成用脚来配合她感受到的震动，而不是听歌曲的节拍。A.resist抵抗；B.interrupt打断；C.adjust调整；D.match配合，匹配。根据后文“thevibrationsshefeelswithherfeet”可知，她被训练成用脚来配合她感受到的震