2022-2023学年河南省南阳市高一（下）期末英语试卷（附答案详解）

2022-2023学年河南省南阳市高一（下）期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）

A

Ifyouhadanextras100,howwouldyouuseittobringmorekindnessinyourcommunity?Ifyouhave

acreativeresponsetothatquestion,readourFAQbelowandapplyforourmonthlycontest.

Whatisit?

Kindness-In-Actionhelpsindividualsputkindnessideaintoaction.Peoplefromallaroundtheworld

submittheirideasonwhattheywoulddoiftheyhadanextra$100,andKindSpringselectsawinner

everymonth.

Howdoesitwork?

First,yousubmityouridea,andifitgetsselected,you'llhearfromoneofourvolunteerreviewersabout

settingupaphoneorSkypecall.Followingthat,we'llmailyouacheck,you'llhaveamonthtoimplement

（实施）theideainyourcommunity,andthenshareyourexperienceandphotoswiththeKindSpring

community.We*!!alsofeatureitinourmonthlynewsletterthatreachesmorethan100thousandpeoplein

150countries,sootherscansharetheideaandspreadmorelove!

Whatisthecriteriaforselection?

Yourpersonalintention,creativeuseofSmile.Cards,potentialrippleeffect（连锁反应）inthelocal

community,andthevotesfromtheKindSpringcommunity（existingmemberscanloginandvoteas

well）.Ultimately,wearetryingtoinspiresmall（notbig!）actsofkindness.

Howdidyoustart?

WereceivedanunexpecteddonationinMay.Toshareinthejoy,wepostedasmallblurbinouronline

communityaskingforideas.Inlessthancoupleweeks,morethan50ideasweresubmittedanddozensof

peoplehelpedusevaluatetheideasbyadding"smiles'1.OnJuly1st,weannouncedourfirstwinneranda

commitmenttocontinuethisexperiment.Theaimoftheexperimentcontinuestobe：Toinspirecreative

actsofkindnessinlocalcommunities,toempowerindividualstopracticegenerosity,tomodela

trust-drivephilanthropy（慈善事、业）,andtospreadgoodideas.

ClickHeretoApply.Orjoinourcommunityandhelpusselectthenextwinner.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Awinnerisselectedeveryyear.

B.OnlypeoplefromAmericacansubmittheirideas.

C.Anunexpectedactofkindnesscontributestoitsorigin.

D.Theoneselectedneedstousehisorherownmoneytoimplementtheidea.

2.What'sthepurposeofKindness-In-Action?

A.Tochoosemorewiseconsumers.

B.Topromoteinternationalcooperation.

C.Toarousepeopletoexpressthemselves.

D.Toencourageactsofkindnessandspreadgoodideas.

3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Aguidebook.C.Awebsite.D.Areport.

B

DuringtheyearsthatpassedfromIwasbomuntilmysiblings（兄弟姐妹）andmyselfmovedawayfrom

home,mymotherdidn'thaveajob.Ifshehadbeenaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireaboutherpersonaldata,

shewouldhaveleftthequestionEmployment'empty.Shebelievedthatherjobwastobeourmother-full

time.Thatwasthewayshehadchosenittobe.

Thereisanoldyellowedphotographofmymotherandfather,takenin1942,whentheywereontheir

honeymoon.Theyaresittingatatableinarestaurant.Inthephotomymotherlooksverybeautiful,I

think.Shewas23yearsoldthen.

WhenIlookatthephoto,Iseeawomanwhowouldhavehadanunlimitednumberofopportunitiesin

life.Sheismorethanjustpretty；itiscleartoseethatsheisbothintelligentandvivid.Iknowthatifshehad

puthermindtogettingacareer,thewholeworldwouldhavebeenatherfeet.Thestoryofheryouth

confirmsthis.Shegotabrilliantexaminoneofthefinestschoolsinthecountry.Infact,sheisthemost

intelligentpersonIknow.

Yetshehasalwaysconsideredherselfashousewifeandmother.Everyoneinthetownadmiredherforthe

greateffortsheputintocharitywork,butifsomeoneaskedherwhatshedidloralivingorwhoshewas,

sheansweredthatshewasRobertGreene'swife,andRobert's,Deborah'sandTimothy'smother.

Todaythereareprobablymanywomenwhowillseewhatshedidasawasteofmymother'sgood

abilities.Whyshouldanintelligentanddeterminedwomanbecontentwithmakingsoupandsandwiches?

Weallgothroughouradultlifewiththeconceptionthatwehaveneverbeenanythingbutfullydeveloped

grown-ups.Butanyofushavebeensmallchildrenonce,whohurriedhomefromschoolcompletely

assuredthatsomeonewaswaitingforusathome.Itmeantsomethingthenanditmeanssomething

today.AndIameternally（永恒地）gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingfor

me.

4.WhydidMomleavethequestionnEmployment"empty?

A.Becauseshecouldn'twrite.

B.Becauseshewasafulltimemother.

C.Becauseshecouldn'tfindajob.

D.Becauseshewasangryatthisquestion.

5.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMom?

A.Diligentandstubborn.B.Beautifulandstrict.

C.Intelligentandselfless.D.Ambitiousandclever.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Theauthorhastwosiblings.

B.TheauthorthinkshighlyofMom*sdevotion.

C.Beingafulltimemotherisawasteofability.

D.Anintelligentwomanshouldn'tbecontentwithcooking.

7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AnOldYellowedPhotograph.

B.TheMemoriesofMyFamily.

C.TheImportanceofSiblings'love.

D.TheStandardofBeingaGoodMother.

c

ResearchersatNorthCarolinaStateUniversityareproposinganadditionalwhitetrafficlightthatwillact

asasigntohumandriversandpassengersthattheyshouldfollowtheleadofself-drivingvehiclesmoving

throughcrossroads.

Drivingisfundamentallychanging.Inthefuture,humandriverswillbesharingtheroadwithautonomous

vehicles.Thetransition（转变）toautonomousvehiclesisprogressingwitheachpassingyearandhumans

arenolongertheonlyonesdrivingcars.Thismakesiturgentfortrafficlightswithafourthcolorto

becomeareality.

ThewhitetrafficlightwouldbeequippedwithwirelessBluetoothtechnologyandwouldengagewhenthe

numberofautonomousvehiclesdrivingontheroadatanygiventimeexceedsacertainthreshold（阈

值）.Autonomousvehicleswouldbeincommunicationwitheachotherandwiththetrafficlightsat

crossroads,withinacertainrange.Anyhumandriversinthemixwouldbeinformedtofollowtheleadof

thevehicleinfrontofthemviathewhitelight：stopifitstops；continueifitcontinues.

Insimulationmodels,autonomousvehicleswereshowntoimprovetrafficflowontheirown.Thehigher

thepercentageofautonomousvehiclesatacrossroads,thefasterthetrafficmoved.nThewhitelightcanbe

usedtocoordinate（协调）trafficinanysituationinvolvingautonomousvehiclesandtellshumandrivers

what'sgoingon,sothattheyknowwhattheyaresupposedtodoastheyapproachthecrosswords,"says

civilengineerAliHajbabaie.

Asanexample,mostrecently,Tesla'sproblematicfull-self-drivingvehicleshavebeencriticizedaftera

carcrashedintoafiretruck.Consequently,thepotentialrisksmakeresearcherssuggestaddingafourth

colortotrafficlightsinthecomingyears.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordnthisninparagraph2referto?

A.Drivingalongtheroads.

B.Drivingthroughcrossroads.

C.Thetransitiontomanyhumandrivers.

D.Thetransitiontoautonomousvehicles.

9.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Howdriversreacttothetraffic.

B.Howthewhitetrafficlightworks.

C.HowBluetoothtechnologychanges.

D.Howautonomousvehiclescommunicatewitheachother.

10.WhyisthewhitelightusedaccordingtoAliHajbabaie?

A.Tocoordinatetraffic.B.Toslowtrafficflow.

C.Tostophumandrivers.D.ToControltrafficlights.

11.Whatisresearchers'attitudetowardsaddingafourthcolortotrafficlights?

A.Indifferent.B.Negative.C.Doubtful.D.Favorable.

D

JustthreedaysafterbeingdiagnosedwithCOVID-19inSeptember2022,JoanneHortrealizedshe*dlost

hersenseofsmellwhenshecouldn'ttastesomeorangejuice."Ipanicked,andrantothebathroomand

startedtryingtosmellmyperfume,buttherewasnothing,"shesaid.Hortsexperienceisnowquitea

commonstory.

Around86percentofpeoplewhohavehadCOVID-19experienceachangeintheirsenseofsmell.For

most,it'sshort-livedbutforoneineveryfive,particularlytheover-40s,thedamagetakesoversixmonths

toresolve.

Thisepidemicofsmellloss,aconditionknowninmedicaltermsasanosmia（嗅觉缺失），hasfocused

attentionbackonthesensethatbiologistCharlesDarwinoncedescribedas"ofextremelyslightserviceto

mankind"Almost150yearsafterhesaidthat,wenowknowthatDarwinwaswrong-very

wrong.*'Researchhasdiscoveredmorethan600genesinthehumanbodyassociatedwiththesenseof

smell,“explainssensoryexpertProfessorEugeniRourafromAustralia'sUniversityof

Queensland.'Thafsaroundthreepercentofthewholegenome（基因组）associatedwithjustone

system.That'shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremelyimportanttothehumanbody."

Sohowdowesmell?Ithappenswhenodourmoleculesintheairhitnervesintheliningofthenose.These

sendsignalstotheolfactoryorgan（嗅觉器官）,thepartofthebrainthatinterpretssmelLTheolfactory

organmakesuparoundfivepercentofthehumanbrain.It'sestimatedthatitcandiscriminatebetweena

milliondifferentodours,suchasvariousspices,sourness,sweetness,etc.Eachofushasauniquesense

ofsmellandthestrengthofouruniquesmellisrelatedtothegenes.Otherfactorsfurtherdeterminehow

sensitiveyoursenseofsmellis.

12.What'sthefunctionofparagraph1?

A.Introducingthetopicofthepassage.

B.Presentingauniquestatement.

C.Providingsomebackgroundinformation.

D.DescribingthepainfullifeofJoanne.

13.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?

A.CharlesDarwinisaterriblebiologist.

B.Senseofsmellisunimportanttoushumans.

C.EugeniRouraagreeswithDarwin'sopinionofsenseofsmell.

D.Manygenesinthehumanbodyareassociatedwiththesenseofsmell.

14.Whatdoestheunderlined\vordndiscriminate"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Recognize.B.Understand.C.Admire.D.Reflect.

15.Whatwillbetalkedaboutinthenextparagraph?

A.Measurestoimprovethesensesystemofourbody.

B.Otherfactorsdeterminingthesensitivenessofoursenseofsmell.

C.Therelationshipbetweenouruniquesmellandthegenesinourbody.

D.Theolfactoryorgan'shugeinfluenceonourbrainsandnervesofthenose.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共12.5分)

TipsforFirst-TimeCampers

Natureprovidesforusinavarietyofways,whetherwerecognizethesegiftsornot.Butnatureisn'tjust

thereforustoexplore.(1).

BePrepared：WhattoTakeCamping

Whilethesaying"alwaysbeprepared"isanobleenoughguidelineforactivitieslikehikingandcamping,

sometimes,lessismore.Butdependingontheareawhereyou'restaying,theweathercanbeunpredictable,

(2).Havingasimplerepairkitandafirst-aidkitmaysaveyoufromminorheadachesand

injuries,aswilldoingyourhomeworkwhenplanningwheretogoandwhattotakecamping.

Ifyou'rehiking,besuretobringplentyofcleanwateralong,aswellasnutritiousfoodstokeepyou

going.Forcoffee,cheapinstantcoffeepacketscanlessenthemess.Youmayalsobeabletouserunning

waterorriverstonestokeepitemscoolerlonger(orsimplyuseathermos).

DoYourResearch

Becomefamiliarwithdifferenttreesandwhattheyoffer.Sometreesprovidewoodthat*sgoodfor

whittlingandmakingwalkingsticksandcanes.Somewoodisgoodforstartingfires,whileotherwoodis

goodforkeepingthemgoing.(3).Youcanusepineneedlesinteaorrubthemonyourskinif

you'retryingtobestealthywhilehuntingdeer.Ifyouspotelmtreesnearacreekorriver,youmaybeable

tofindthefamousmore1mushroomnearby-justmakesureyoucanpositivelyidentifythemushroomor

arewithsomeonewhocan!

(4).Someplaceschargeasmallfeetoparkorcamportheyrequireconservationfeestokeep

theareaclean.Dependingonwhereyoulive,youmaywanttoinvestinametaldetectororaboatforabit

ofadditionalfun.Youcanalsopurchaseafishinglicense,whichhelpskeepareascleanandlakesand

riversstockedwithfish.

(5)_______________

Idon'tliketohuntorparty；Ienjoysimplysittingonasandbaratdawn,watchingthemistrisefromthe

water.Iseeandhearallkindsofwildlife,suchasdeer,owls,bats,birds,squirrels,andbeavers.Ilisten

forthebeaversmakingsplashesatnightwiththeirwide,flattails.Ihearcoyoteshowlingatnighttoo.Fve

seencottonmouthsnakesandevenpanthertracks!!lovetheserenityandthesmallthrills,thekindsof

experiencesIwouldn*ttradeforanythingintheworld.

A.Gohunting

B.EnjoyNature

C.youmayhavetofinishyourhomework

D.andonesmallholeinyourtentcanleaveyouasleeplessmess

E.Whereveryoulive,thereareplentyoffreeareasyoucanvisit

F.Othertreesmayprovidenutsandfruits,suchaspecans,mulberries,andpersimmons

G.Byfollowingthesetipsforfirst-timecampers,anyonecanengagewithnatureinamoregratefulway

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)

Lifeisfullofupsanddowns,youmustunderstandthatyouwillsometimesfailatthingsanditisokay

whenthathappens.Frombeingakidtotransitioningintoa(an)(1),youwillfailatmany

thingsinlifebutthatwillonlytellyouaboutyourself.Youwillgettolearnaboutyourtrue(2),

thethingsyouaregoodat,andthethingsthatyouare(3).Wemustlearntoembracetheprocess

ratherthanrunfromit,onlythenwillwebeableto(4)ourgoalsinlife.

Letmetellyousomethingaboutmyself,andhowIfaced(5)inlife.Inmyearlyyearsatschool,

Ihadtroublewithsome(6),Iusedtogetreallybadgrades.SometimesIwouldgetanFandthat

wouldmakemereally(7),Iusedtothink：MWhatwillIshowmyparents?nSowhatIused

todowascoverthosegradesup.IwouldturntheFintoaBjustto(8)myparents,Atthe

beginning,everythingwentsmoothly,but(9),Iwascaughtdoingthat.Ilearnedalotafter

that,IknewthatIhadto(10)thatfailureandlearnfromit,andsomething(11)actually

camefromit.Istarteddoingbetterwithmygrades,thatFturnedintoaBnaturally,andthatBturnedinto

anA.

Wheneveryoufaceafailure,neverthinkthatyouarenevergoingto(12)fromthis,youmust

thinkofwaysto(13)yourself.DidyouknowthatittookThomasEdison10,000(14)

toperfectthelightbulb?BillGatesfailedmanytimes,evenhisfirstcompanywasacompletewreck.All

ofthisisproofthatwemustlearnfromourfailures,not(15)them!

21.A.figureB.adultC.clownD.conductor

22.A.strengthsB.componentsC.figuresD.symbols

23.A.accessibletoB.worthyofC.badatD.ashamedof

24.A.achieveB.performC.adaptD.flow

25.A.comediesB.fortunesC.elementsD.failures

26.A.imagesB.identitiesC.subjectsD.accounts

27.A.excitedB.scaredC.committedD.emotional

28.A.informB.pleaseC.winD.love

29.A.exactlyB.brieflyC.obviouslyD.eventually

30.A.acceptB.chargeC.selectD.trick

31.A.terribleB.objectiveC.wonderfulD.classical

32.A.showB.defendC.recoverD.disappoint

33.A.causeB.approveC.delayD.better

34.A.talentsB.contestsC.expressionsD.attempts

35.A.runfromB.jumpatC.screamatD.leavefor

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.AccordingtoareportbySouthChinaMorningPost,Chinaisplanningtolaunchahyperloop

(超级高铁),alsoknownasasuper-highspeedpipelinemaglevsystemby2035.Iftheprojectgoes

as(1)(plan),thenewtrainwillbetheworlds(2)(fast)ground-based

transporttechnology.

Chineseauthoritieshaveannouncedthe(3)(approve)ofthecountry*sfirsthyperloop

line.Itslengthwillbe175kilometers,anditwillpassbetweenthecitiesofShanghai(4)

Hangzhou.Thesearetwokeymetropolitanareasforthecountry'seconomy.

Thedistancebetweenthesetwocitiescannowbecoveredinaboutthreehoursbycaroranhourby

high-speedtrain.However,thehyperloopcanreachspeedsofupto1000km/h,(5)means

thattheroutecan(6)(complete)injust15minutes.That'stwicefasterthancommercial

passengerplanesand10timesthantraditionalhigh-speedtrains.

TheproposedprojectwillmakeChinaoneof(7)pioneersinhyperlooptechnology,(8)

(allow)fastertravelbetweenseveralmajorcities.(9)(reduce)noiseand

pollutionlevels,thehyperloopprovidesahigh-securitylevelwithlowenergyconsumption.The

technologywill(10)(far)advanceChina*spositionasaleaderintransport.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分)

37.假定你是李华，得知你的英国好朋友Tom刚被北京大学中文系录取，写一封电了邮件

对他表示祝贺。

写作内容：（1）表示祝贺；

（2）肯定努力;

（3）表达祝愿。

注意：

（1）词数100左右；

（2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

38.阅读下面材料。根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

"Hurryupyouguys,oryou'llbelateforschool!'1calledMom.Wedasheddownstairsandhadaquick

breakfast.Iwaseatingmyfavorite一verysweetcereal,andSarawashavingeggs.WhenIroseto

havemybowlwashed,Momwhispered,"Youknowyouneedtobecautioustodaywhenyou're

walkingSaratoschool.Ifsyourjobtoassuremeshegetsthereallright."Thenshecastmeavery

seriouslook.Ithoughttomyself,wonderingwhyMomwasmakingsuchabigdealoutofthis.Iwas

Sara'sfirstdayofKindergarten,butIcouldmanageit.IwishMomwouldn'ttreatmelikesuchababy.

“Goodbye,Mom!"Sarayelled.Sheranoutthedoor,andIwentbehindher.

"Becareful!"mymomyelled.

"Iwill!"Isaidbackandranoutside.Sarawasskippingdownthefrontwalkwaytothesidewalk.

IgrabbedSara'shand.MAreyoueagerandexcitedforyourfirstdayofschool?MIasked,tryingto

soundlikeagrown-up.Sarasmiledandnoddedherheadyes.Meanwhile,mymomwasstaringatus

throughthewindow."Whenwillshestoptreatingmelikealittlekid?"Ithought."Filshowyouthe

way."Isaid,Ifeltproudtobetheeldersister.Wewalkedpastbeautifulgardensandbig,leafy

trees.Suddenly,Iheardagrowlandsawadogwalkingtowardsus.Hewasbigandfiercelookingwith

longsharpteeth."GRRR!!!"thedoggrowled.Ididn'tseeitsowneroranyonewhocouldhelpus.My

handbecamesweatyandSarastoppedwalking."I'mscared,Julie,"shesaid.Ididn'twanthertobe

scared.Iwantedtoseembrave.''Everythingwillbeokay,"Isaid.

"GRRR!!!"Thedogsteppedcloserandwecouldseeitwasthesizeofasmallhorse-withredeyes

andsharpteeth.

注意：

续写词数应为150左右;

Iwastryingtomakemyvoicesoundcalm.

ItoldMomwhathadhappened.

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、D、C

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Howdidyoustart?部分

WereceivedanunexpecteddonationinMay.Toshareinthejoy,

wepostedasmallblurbinouronlinecommunityaskingforideas.（五月份我们收到了一笔意想不到的

捐款。为了分享这一喜悦，我们在我们的在线社区发布了一篇简短的宣传文章，征求意见。）可

知我们能从文中了解到一个意想不到的善举促成了它的起源。故选C«

（2）细节理解题。根据Howdidyoustart?部分Theaimoftheexperimentcontinuestobe：

Toinspirecreativeactsofkindnessinlocalcommunities,toempowerindividualstopracticegenerosity,

tomodelatrust-drivephilanthropy（慈善事业），andtospreadgoodideas.（实验的目的仍然是:在

当地社区激发创造性的善良行为，赋予个人实践慷慨的权力，树立信任驱动的慈善事业的典范，

并传播好的想法。）可知善在行动的目的是鼓励善良的行为，传播好的思想。故选D。

（3）文章出处题。根据最后一段ClickHeretoApply.（点击这里申请。）可知这篇文章可能取自

一个网站。故选C。

这篇短文主要介绍了一个名为“Kindness-In-Action”的活动，该活动鼓励人们用额外的100美元在

社区中传播更多的善意。参与者需要提交自己的创意，如果被选中，将有机会获得奖金并在社区

中实施自己的创意。活动的目标是激励人们进行小而有创意的善举，通过邮件和社区分享经验和

照片，以及在月度通讯中展示获奖者的创意。参与者的个人意图、对Smile.Cards的创造性使用、

对当地社区的潜在影响以及KindSpring社区的投票都是选择的标准。该活动始于一个意外的捐赠,

通过在线社区征集创意，并通过评估和投票选出获奖者。读者可以点击链接申请参与活动或加入

社区帮助选出下一个获奖者。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4~7.【答案】B、C、B、A

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段

Ifshehadbeenaskedtofilloutaquestionnaireaboutherpersonaldata,

shewouldhaveleftthequestion'Employment'empty.Shebelievedthatherjobwastobeourmother-full

lime.（如果她被要求填写一份关于她的个人数据的问卷，她会把“就业”这个问题留空。她相信她

的工作是全职做我们的母亲。）可知，妈妈空着“就业”这个问题，因为她是全职妈妈。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Sheismorethanjustpretty；

itiscleartoseethatsheisbothintelligentandvivid.（她不仅仅是漂亮显而易见，她既聪明又生动。）

还有第四段

Yetshehasalwaysconsideredherselfashousewifeandmother.Everyoneinthetownadmiredherforth

egreateffortsheputintocharitywork（然而，她一直认为自己是家里的妻子和母亲。镇上的每个人

都钦佩她为慈善事业所做的巨大努力）可知作者的妈妈是A.Diligentandstubborn勤奋的和固执的；

B.Beautifulandstrict美丽的和严格的；C.Intelligentandselfless勤奋的和无私的；

0.Ambitiousandclever有野心的和聪明的。故选Co

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段AndIameternally（永恒

地）gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.（我永远感激黄照片中的

那个女人在等我。）可知作者对妈妈的奉献高度评价。故选B。

（4）标题判断题。根据全文和第二段Thereisanoldyellowedphotographofmymotherandfather,

takenin1942,

whentheywereontheirhoneymoon.Theyaresittingatatableinarestaurant.Inthephotomymotherlo

oksverybeautiful,Ithink.Shewas23yearsoldthen.（有一张我母亲和父亲的黄照片，拍摄于1942

年，当时他们正在度蜜月。他们坐在一家餐厅的桌子旁。我想，照片中我母亲看起来很漂亮。当

时她23岁。）和最后一段AndIameternally（永恒

地）gratefulthatthewomanintheyellowedphotographwaswaitingforme.（我永远感激黄照片中的

那个女人在等我。）可知，作者通过一张老照片回忆自己聪明的和无私的妈妈。

AnOldYellowedPhotograph.（一张老照片。）是最合适的标题。故选A。

本文为记叙文。这段短文主要写了作者的母亲选择成为全职母亲的故事。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语

句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得

出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

8〜11.【答案】D、B、A、D

【解析】（1）代词指代题。根据第二段中Thetransition（转

变）toautonomousvehiclesisprogressingwitheachpassingyearandhumansarenolongertheonlyo

nesdrivingcars.（向自动驾驶汽车的过渡正在逐年推进，人类不再是唯一驾驶汽车的人）可知，上

文讲的是向自动驾驶汽车的过渡，所以划线词this指代的是向自动驾驶汽车的过渡。故选D。

（2）段落大意题。根据第三段中

ThewhitetrafficlightwouldbeequippedwithwirelessBluetoothtechnologyandwouldengagewhenth

enumberofautonomousvehiclesdrivingontheroadatanygiventimeexceedsacertainthreshold（白色

红绿灯将配备无线蓝牙技术，当任何特定时间在路上行驶的自动驾驶汽车数量超过一定阈值时，

红绿灯就会亮起）以及

Anyhumandriversinthemixwouldbeinformedtofollowtheleadofthevehicleinfrontofthemviath

ewhitelight：stopifitstops；continueifitcontinues（混合车流中的任何人类驾驶员都将被通知通

过白色红绿灯跟随前方车辆：如果车辆停止，则停车如果继续，则继续）可推理出，本段主要讲

的是白色红绿灯的运作原理。故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Thewhitelightcanbeusedtocoordinate（协

调）trafficinanysituationinvolvingautonomousvehiclesandtellshumandriverswhat'sgoingon,

sothattheyknowwhattheyaresupposedtodoastheyapproachthecrosswords（在任何涉及自动驾驶

汽车的情况下，白色红绿灯都可以用来协调交通，并告诉人类驾驶员发生了什么，这样他们就知

道在接近路口时应该做什么）可知，白色红绿灯可用于协调交通。故选A。

（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段

Tesla'sproblematicfull-self-drivingvehicleshavebeencriticizedafteracarcrashedintoafiretruck.Con

sequently.

thepotentialrisksmakeresearcherssuggestaddingafourthcolortotrafficlightsinthecomingyears（特

斯拉有问题的全自动驾驶汽车在一辆汽车撞上消防车后受到批评。因此，潜在的风险使研究人员

建议在未来几年为红绿灯增加第四种颜色）可知，特斯拉的交通事故使得人们认为有必要在未来

几年为红绿灯增加第四种颜色,可推理出研究人员对安装第四种红绿灯的态度是支持的。故选D。

该短文主要介绍了北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究人员提出了一种额外的白色交通信号灯，用于告知

人类驾驶员和乘客应该跟随自动驾驶车辆通过十字路口。未来，人类驾驶员将与自动驾驶车辆共

享道路，因此需要引入第四种颜色的交通信号灯。这种白色交通信号灯将配备无线蓝牙技术，当

道路上的自动驾驶车辆数量超过一定阈值时，它将启动。模拟模型显示，自动驾驶车辆可以提高

交通流量。因此，研究人员建议在未来几年将第四种颜色添加到交通信号灯中，以减少潜在的风

险。

根据题目中的关键词，准确定位有效信息并进行适度加工，是解答本题的关键。

12~15.【答案】A、D、A、B

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段

JoanneHortrealizedshe'dlosthersenseofsmellwhenshecouldn'ttastesomeorangejuice（乔安妮•霍

特意识到，当她尝不到橙汁时，她失去了嗅觉）、第三段

That'shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremelyimportanttothehumanbody（这是

巨大的，表明嗅觉实际上对人体极其重要）以及最后一段

"Eachofushasauniquesenseofsmellandthestrengthofouruniquesmellisrelatedtothegenes（我们

每个人都有独特的嗅觉，我们独特嗅觉的强度与基因有关）"可知，第一段的主要作用是引入文章

的主题，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段That'saroundthreepercentofthewholegenome（基因

组）associatedwithjustonesystem.That'shugeandshowsthatthesenseofsmellisactuallyextremely

importanttothehumanbody."（这大约占整个基因组的3%,只与一个系统相关。这是巨大的，表

明嗅觉实际上对人体极其重要）可知，人体中的许多基因都与嗅觉有关，故选D。

（3）词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词下文betweenamilliondifferentodours,suchasvariousspices,

sourness,sweetness,etc（……一百万种不同的气味之间,如各种香料、酸味、甜味等）可推理出

划线词的含义为"识别"，A.Recognize识别；B.Understand理解；C.Admire钦佩；D.Reflect反射。

故选Ao

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句

Otherfactorsfurtherdeterminehowsensitiveyoursenseofsmellis（更多的其他因素决定了你的嗅觉

有多灵敏）可推理出，接下来要讨论的是决定我们嗅觉灵敏度的其他因素，故选B。

这篇短文主要讲述了C0VID-19疫情期间，许多人失去嗅觉的现象。大约86%的感染者会出现嗅

觉变化，其中五分之一的人需要超过六个月才能恢复。这种嗅觉丧失的流行现象引起了人们对嗅

觉的关注，科学家发现人体与嗅觉有关的基因超过600个，显示出嗅觉对人体非常重要。嗅觉是

通过空气中的气味分子刺激鼻子内壁