福建省2023年高三年级《英语》上学期期末试题以及参考答案

福建省福州市2023年高三《英语》上学期期末试题与参考答案第一部分：听力第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inaclassroom.C.Inashop.2.Howwillthespeakersgotothemall?A.Onfool.B.Bytaxi.C.Bybus.3.Whatdoesthemandoprobably?A.Ateacher.B.Anactor.C.Aguard.4.Whattimedoesthewomantakethebus?A.At4:50.B.At5:00.C.At6:15.5.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingatfirst?A.Takingawalk.B.Doinganexperiment.C.Watchingamovie.第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whoisgoingtohavethewedding?A.Thewoman.B.Thewoman’scousin.C.Theman’scousin.7.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Buyapresent.B.Selectasuit.C.Lookforamusician.听第7段对话，回答第8至10题。8.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Relatives.B.Colleagues.C.Strangers.9.Whatdoesthewomanoftendo?AGoswimming.B.Listentomusic.C.Watchplays.10.Whydoesthemanrefusetotravelabroadthissummer?A.Hedoesn’tliketraveling.B.He’spreparingforaconcert.C.He’llvisithisgrandparents.听第8段对话，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofplayingsports?A.Boring.B.Relaxing.C.Amusing.12.Whatdidthemanusetoplay?A.Volleyball.B.Handball.C.Baseball.13.Wherearethespeakersgoing?A.Tothegym.B.Totheschoolfield.C.Totheirclassroom.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thestorm.B.Thepowerfailure.C.Thehousesafety.15.Howdidthemanaskforhelp?A.Byusingthelaptop.B.Bymakingcalls.C.Byshouting.16.Whathappenedtothewoman’shouse?A.Itswallsweredamaged.B.Itsroofwasblownaway.C.Itswindowswerebroken.17.Whenwillthewomangraduateatlast?A.InJuly.B.InAugust.C.InSeptember.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whenisthisannouncementgiven?A.OnWednesday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSunday.19.Whowillgivethestudentsashortlecture?A.Tony.B.Diane.C.Mindy.20.Whataresmallstudentssupposedtodo?A.Carrythefoodboxes.B.Operatethemachines.C.Recordsomeinformation.第二部分：阅读第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出圾佳选项。ANoteveryoneknowsthatMogaoCavesinChinahasa“littlesister”—YulinCaves,whichissmallerbutbetterpreservedthanMogaoCaves.This“littlesister”hasthemostbrilliantmurals(壁画)whicharelargeinscaleanddiverseinformsandskills,withmuchartvalue.Hereissomeinformationlorefertowhenplanningyourtourhere.DailyItinerary(行程)DAY1:VisitMingshashaninthemiddleafternoonwhenitisnotveryhotandsunburnislow.DAY2:VisitYulinCaves.Youcanvisitupto6caves.Afterthat,driveabout30minutestoSuoyangcheng.DAY3:VisitthenewlyopenedMogaoCavesDigitalExhibitionCenter.Youwillwatchtwoshortbutwell-producededucationaldocumentarymoviesaboutMogaoCaves.Afterthemovies,taketheinterzonalbustoMogaoCaves.HighlightsofThisTour●In-depthtourofMogaoCavesandYulinCaves●VisitingSuoyangeheng—anancientruinedcity2,000yearsago●Privatetourpackagecoveringairportpick-up,accommodation,sightseeingandprivatetourguideBasicInformationaboutPrice●$380perperson●Thispriceisbasedonagroupof2adultssharingonestandarddouble-bedroomin4-starhotelsandtravelingwithourprivatetourinlowseasons.●Thispriceissubjecttochangeaccordingtoyourtravelingseason,groupsize,hotelclass,etc....Ifyouwantalowerprice,youcangetmorepeopletojoinyou,oruseeconomyclasshotels.1.Whencantouristsseethedocumentarymovies?A.OnDay1. B.OnDay2. C.OnDay3. D.Anyday.2.Whatisamostinterestingpartofthetour?A.Twobrilliantcaves. B.Anoldlivingcity.C.Freeaccommodations. D.In-depthtravelinprivate.3.Wherecanyoufindthetextprobably?A.Inahistorytextbook. B.Onatravelagencywebsite.C.Inanacademicjournal. D.Onanexhibitionofmurals.答案：1.C2.D3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了榆林洞窟的旅游信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据DAY3部分“VisitthenewlyopenedMogaoCavesDigitalExhibitionCenter.Youwillwatchtwoshortbutwell-producededucationaldocumentarymoviesaboutMogaoCaves.(参观新开放的莫高窟数字展览中心。您将观看两部简短但制作精良的莫高窟教育纪录片)”可知，在第三天的行程安排中，游客可以观看纪录片。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HighlightsofThisTour部分“●In-depthtourofMogaoCavesandYulinCaves●VisitingSuoyangeheng—anancientruinedcity2,000yearsago●Privatetourpackagecoveringairportpick-up,accommodation,sightseeingandprivatetourguide.(深度游览莫高窟、榆林窟；参观2000年前的索阳亨古城；私人旅行团，包括接机、住宿、观光和私人导游)”可知，这个旅游的吸引人之处是可以私人定制深度游。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“...Hereissomeinformationlorefertowhenplanningyourtourhere.(...下面有一些信息，当你计划在这里旅游时可以参考)”并结合下文可知，文章介绍了玉林洞窟这一旅游景点的信息，文章有可能出现在旅游网站上。故选B项。BIsitcake?Isitart?Isitboth?Foritsthirdconsecutive(连续的)year,theBlantonMuseumofArtinTexashosteditsGreatBlantonBake-Off,and16bakersdeliveredonthechallenge—torecreateanyoftheworksfromItalianRenaissancepaintingstoLatinAmericanprints,intheBlanton’scollections,incakeform.LizabelStella,themuseum’sdigitalcontentmanager,cameupwiththeBake-OffideaattheoutsetoftheCovid-19pandemic,whenthemuseumhadtotemporarilycloseforthreemonths.Stella,likemanyinlockdown,noticedthatmanypeoplewereturningtobakingasacurativeandfunactivity.“Iwasthinking,peoplecan’tcometothemuseum,andpeoplelovebaking.HowcanIcombinethesetogether?”Stellasaid,“Artcanbequiteconceptual.Andbakingistangible—so,inaway,it’sadifferentwaytoconsumeart.”Toparticipateinthisyear’scompetition,bakersaccessedthemuseum’sonlinecatalog(目录)toselectanartworktoreimagine.Then,contestantshadtouploadphotosoftheircreationstoFacebookbyMay15.ThemuseumsharedthecakeswiththepubliconWorldBakingDay(May17)throughsocialmediastories,andthe“virtualaudience”had24hourstovotefortheirfavorites.Thewinnerofeachcategoryreceivedgiftcardsfromlocalbakery.“Attheheart,theBake-Offisabouthavingfun.We’regoingthroughalotofhardthings,suchaslockdown.It’simportanttorememberthatit’sokaytotakeabreak—nottoignorethethingsthatarehappening,buttomaketimeforthethingsthatmoveyou,”saidStella.“Thismovesme.I’mgonnamakeacake.It’sverysimple.”4.WhydidStellaproposetheideaofBake-Off?A.Tochoosethebestbaker. B.Toenhancethemuseum’sreputation.C.Toexposebakingtothepublic. D.Toengagepeople’sinterestwithartathome.5.Whichbestexplainstheunderlinedword“tangible”inparagraph2?A.Touchable. B.Academic. C.Theoretical. D.Imaginary.6.WhateventistheGreatBlantonBake-Off?A.Avirtualcontest. B.Anonlinesale.C.Ayardexhibition. D.Astageperformance.7.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Toprovidepeoplewithfun. B.Todisplayacreativeactivity.C.Topromotethemuseum’sbusiness. D.Tohighlightthehealingpowerofbakery.答案：4.D5.A6.A7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了疫情期间，布兰顿艺术博物馆连续三年举办了“布兰顿大烘焙比赛”（GreatBlantonbake-Off)），16位面包师接受了挑战——以蛋糕形式再现布兰顿收藏的任何从意大利文艺复兴到拉丁美洲版画的作品。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“LizabelStella,themuseum’sdigitalcontentmanager,cameupwiththeBake-OffideaattheoutsetoftheCovid-19pandemic,whenthemuseumhadtotemporarilycloseforthreemonths.Stella,likemanyinlockdown,noticedthatmanypeoplewereturningtobakingasacurativeandfunactivity.”Iwasthinking,peoplecan’tcometothemuseum,andpeoplelovebaking.HowcanIcombinethesetogether?”(博物馆的数字内容经理LizabelStella，在2019冠状病毒疾病大流行开始时提出了“烘焙大赛”的想法，当时博物馆不得不暂时关闭三个月。Stella和许多人一样被封锁在家，她注意到许多人把烘焙作为一种治疗和有趣的活动。“我在想，人们不能来博物馆，人们喜欢烘焙。我怎样才能把这些结合在一起呢？”)”可知，Stella提出Bake-Off(烘焙大赛)的想法是为了将呆在家里的人们对烘焙的兴趣与艺术融合起来。故选D。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Artcanbequiteconceptual.(艺术可以是相当概念化的。)”和下文“so,inaway,it’sadifferentwaytoconsumeart.(因此，在某种程度上，这是一种不同的艺术表现方式。)”可知，艺术是概念化的，而烘焙不同于艺术，艺术能通过烘焙来表现出来，这说明烘焙是有形的，即“可触摸的”，由此可推知，划线单词“tangible”与A项“Touchable.(能触摸到的)”意思一样，故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Toparticipateinthisyear’scompetition,bakersaccessedthemuseum’sonlinecatalog(目录)toselectanartworktoreimagine.Then,contestantshadtouploadphotosoftheircreationstoFacebookbyMay15.ThemuseumsharedthecakeswiththepubliconWorldBakingDay(May17)throughsocialmediastories,andthe“virtualaudience”had24hourstovotefortheirfavorites.(为了参加今年的比赛，面包师进入博物馆的在线目录，挑选一件艺术品重新构思。然后，参赛者必须在5月15日之前将自己创作的照片上传到Facebook。在5月17日的世界烘焙日，博物馆通过社交媒体故事与公众分享这些蛋糕，“虚拟观众”有24小时投票选出他们最喜欢的蛋糕。)”可知，布兰顿大烘焙比赛是一个在线上举行的虚拟比赛，故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Foritsthirdconsecutive(连续的)year,theBlantonMuseumofArtinTexashosteditsGreatBlantonBake-Off,and16bakersdeliveredonthechallenge—torecreateanyoftheworksfromItalianRenaissancepaintingstoLatinAmericanprints,intheBlanton’scollections,incakeform.(布兰顿艺术博物馆连续第三年举办了“布兰顿大烘焙比赛”（GreatBlantonbake-Off)），16位面包师接受了挑战——以蛋糕形式再现布兰顿收藏的任何从意大利文艺复兴到拉丁美洲版画的作品。)”可知，文章主要报道了疫情期间，布兰顿艺术博物馆连续三年举办了“布兰顿大烘焙比赛”，16位面包师接受了挑战——以蛋糕形式再现布兰顿收藏的任何从意大利文艺复兴到拉丁美洲版画的作品。由此可推知，文章的主要目的是介绍一个具有创造性的活动。故选B。CImaginedrivingbehindahugetruckshootingcloudsofsmokeintotheairwhileyournewfullyelectricvehiclecleansupitscarbonemissions(排放).Thisdreammaysoonbeareality.AteamofstudentsintheNetherlandshascreatedanelectriccarthatnotonlydoesn’tproducecarbondioxidewhendriving,butactuallypullsitoutoftheair.Thetwo-seatersportscarwasdesignedandbuiltinlessthanayearbyateamof32studentsatEindhovenUniversityofTechnology.Called“ZEM”,whichstandsfor“zeroemissionmobility”,thecarisequippedwithspecialdevicesthatremovecarbondioxidefromtheairasitdrives.TheteamsaysifZEMisdrivenabout32,000kilometers,itcanremove2kilogramsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.That’snotahugeamount.Theteamcalculatesthat10ZEMcarsontheroadforayearwouldremoveasmuchcarbondioxideasatypicaltreedoesduringthattime.However,theyalsopointoutthatthereareoverabillionpassengercarsintheworldthatcouldbeusingthistechnology.Andifabillioncarswereremovingcarbondioxideinsteadofproducingit,theresultwouldbehuge.ZEMalsohasseveralotherinnovationsthathelptomakeitmorecapableofbeingsustained:thecar’sframeandpanels(面板)are3Dprintedtoreducewaste;itwasbuiltusingrecycledandrecyclablematerials;anditcanbeeasilytakenapartsothatmanyofitspartscanbereused.ZEM’sbatteryisalsoreusable,andhasanotherhandyfeature:itcanbechargedwithsolarpanelsonthecar’sroof—andcanevenbeusedtoprovidepowertoyourhousewhenthecarisn’tontheroad.Accordingtothestatistics,transportationwasresponsibleforover20%ofglobalcarbondioxideemissionsin2020—andofthoseemissions,carswereresponsiblefor41%.TheEindhoventeamsaysitsgoalistochallengetheelectriccarindustry:If32studentscanbuildacarlikethisinlessthanayear,thensurelycarmanufacturers(生产商)areexpectedtoadopttheseinnovations,too.8.WhatisspecialaboutZEM?A.Itcanendtheworld’sCO2release.B.Itcancutthetruck’sCO2emissions.C.ItcanreducethelevelofCO2intheair.D.ItcanabsorbdirtyairaswellasCO2.9.WhydoestheteamrunthecalculationofZEMinparagraph2?A.TodemonstrateasuperbvisionofZEMcars.B.ToexplainhowZEMremovesCO2astreesdo.C.Toillustratetheongoingchangeincarmaking.D.ToshowtheinfluenceofZEMonthecarmarket.10.WhatdoweknowaboutallthecomponentsofZEM?A.Theyareofhighquality. B.Theyareeasytoprocess.C.Theyareconvenienttoprint. D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.11.WhatdoestheEindhoventeamhopetoachieveinthefuture?A.Sharpdeclineinfuelconsumption. B.MassproductionofZEMcars.C.Bigsuccessinbeatingothercarmakers. D.Dramaticchangesintransportation.答案：8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰一个学生团队发明了一种叫做ZEM的电动汽车，这种汽车不仅在驾驶时不产生二氧化碳，而且实际上可以从空气中提取二氧化碳。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Called“ZEM”,whichstandsfor“zeroemissionmobility”,thecarisequippedwithspecialdevicesthatremovecarbondioxidefromtheairasitdrives.(这种汽车被称为“ZEM”，意思是“零排放机动性”，它配备了特殊装置，在行驶过程中可以去除空气中的二氧化碳。)”可知，ZEM的特殊之处在于它能降低空气中的二氧化碳含量。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二中“TheteamsaysifZEMisdrivenabout32,000kilometers,itcanremove2kilogramsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.That’snotahugeamount.Theteamcalculatesthat10ZEMcarsontheroadforayearwouldremoveasmuchcarbondioxideasatypicaltreedoesduringthattime.(研究小组说，如果ZEM行驶约32000公里，它可以从空气中清除2公斤的二氧化碳。这不是很多。研究小组计算出，10辆ZEM汽车在公路上一年清除的二氧化碳排放量相当于一棵普通树一年吸收二氧化碳的量。)”可推知，研究团队在第二段计算ZEM吸收二氧化碳的量是为了表明对ZEM汽车的美好憧憬，故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ZEMalsohasseveralotherinnovationsthathelptomakeitmorecapableofbeingsustained:thecar’sframeandpanels(面板)are3Dprintedtoreducewaste;itwasbuiltusingrecycledandrecyclablematerials;anditcanbeeasilytakenapartsothatmanyofitspartscanbereused.ZEM’sbatteryisalsoreusable,andhasanotherhandyfeature:itcanbechargedwithsolarpanelsonthecar’sroof—andcanevenbeusedtoprovidepowertoyourhousewhenthecarisn’tontheroad.(ZEM还有其他一些创新，有助于使其更具可持续性:汽车的车架和面板是3D打印的，以减少浪费；它使用可循环回收利用的材料制造；它可以很容易地拆卸，其中许多部件可以重复使用。ZEM的电池也是可重复使用的，而且还有一个方便的特点:它可以用车顶上的太阳能电池板充电，甚至可以在汽车不在路上的时候为你的房子提供电力。)”可知，ZEM的所有零部件都是环保的，故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“TheEindhoventeamsaysitsgoalistochallengetheelectriccarindustry:If32studentscanbuildacarlikethisinlessthanayear,thensurelycarmanufacturers(生产商)areexpectedtoadopttheseinnovations,too.(Eindhoven的研究小组表示，他们的目标是挑战电动汽车行业：如果32名学生能在不到一年的时间里制造出这样一辆汽车，那么汽车制造商肯定也会采用这些创新。)”可知，Eindhoven团队的目标是挑战电动汽车行业，由此可推知，Eindhoven希望在未来实现ZEM汽车的大量生产，故选B。DTheresearchersdrewaconclusionthatorphaned(成为孤儿)elephantswouldbemorestressedoutthannon-orphans.There’salotofevidencethatthemother-childbondhelpsreducestressinanimals,whichhasbeendemonstratedpreviouslyinratsandbirds,saysthestudyleaderJennaParker.Elephantshavecomplicatedsocialstructuresanddeepfamilybonds.Becauseorphanedelephantsinthesameregiondieatahigherratethanelephantswithlivingmothers,itseemedlikeano-brainerthatsurvivingorphanswouldbestressedout.Theteam,however,madeanunexpectedfinding:Therereallywasn’tadifferenceinthestresshormone(荷尔蒙)levelsoforphanedandnon-orphanedelephants,aslongastheylivedwithfamilymembers,suchasaunts,cousins,orbrothersandsisters.Elephants—eventheorphans—thatlivedingroupswithfellowsoftheirownageturnedouttobeunderlessstressthanthosethatdidn’t.Parkerrecallstwoorphansinthestudy,FridaandRothko.“Fridahadanon-functionalleftearandRothkohadanon-functionalrightear,”andtheywereinseparable,shesays.“Itwasasthoughtheyhadatleastonegoodsetofearsaslongastheyweretogether!”ThefindingsalsofitwithprevioussocialresearchinAfricanelephants,Parkersays.“Orphansincreaseinteractionwiththeiragematesaftertheirmother’sdeath.”Shenotesthatdominanceisstructuredbyageinelephants:Olderelephantsmayoutrankyoungerelephantswhenitcomestofood,forexample,butelephantsofthesameagearegenerallyequals.Withhuman-wildlifeconflictanddroughtthreatstoelephantsintheregionthefindingspublishedtodayinCommunicationsBiologyofferanewinsightintohowhavingastrongfellowgroupmaycontributetoelephants’survival.Thisinformationcouldalsohelprecoveryfacilitiesthattakeinorphanedelephantssettheanimalsupforasuccessfulfutureinthewild—releasingtheminlargegroupsofbondedfellows,forexample.“Thebottomlinehereisthatelephantsneedelephants,”saysParker.“Andwhentheworsthappens,likelosingamother,somefindnewwaystosurviveandgrowhappily.”12.Whyarefamilybondsandsocialstructuresmentionedinparagraph1?A.Toprovetheirconnection. B.Toexplaintheirmeanings.C.Toshowtheirsignificance. D.Toclarifytheirdifferences.13.WhichstatementmayParkeragreewith?A.Non-orphansoutrankorphansinelephants.B.Orphanedelephantsareinneedoftheiragemates.C.Olderelephantstendtoattendtoyoungerelephants.D.Orphanedelephantspreferinteractionwitholderelephants.14.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheteam’sresearchfindings?A.They’rebaseless. B.They’renovel.C.They’reoriginal. D.They’repredictable.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HuntingandDroughtAreMajorThreatstoElephantsB.HumanProtectionHelpsOrphanedElephantsSurviveC.LivingwithOlderElephantsMayContributetoSurvivalD.FriendsMayBeKeytoStressReliefforOrphanedElephants答案：12.C13.B14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍同伴可以帮助孤儿大象缓解压力。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Elephantshavecomplicatedsocialstructuresanddeepfamilybonds.Becauseorphanedelephantsinthesameregiondieatahigherratethanelephantswithlivingmothers,itseemedlikeano-brainerthatsurvivingorphanswouldbestressedout.(大象有着复杂的社会结构和深厚的家庭关系。由于同一地区的孤儿大象的死亡率高于母亲健在的大象，因此幸存的孤儿压力很大似乎是显而易见的)”可推知，文中提到家庭关系和社会结构是为了说明它们对大象的意义。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Theteam,however,madeanunexpectedfinding:Therereallywasn’tadifferenceinthestresshormone(荷尔蒙)levelsoforphanedandnon-orphanedelephants,aslongastheylivedwithfamilymembers,suchasaunts,cousins,orbrothersandsisters.Elephants—eventheorphans—thatlivedingroupswithfellowsoftheirownageturnedouttobeunderlessstressthanthosethatdidn’t.(然而，研究小组有了一个意想不到的发现：只要大象和家庭成员生活在一起，比如姨妈、表亲或兄弟姐妹，孤儿和非孤儿的大象的压力激素水平真的没有区别。事实证明，与同龄大象生活在一起的大象——甚至是孤儿大象——所承受的压力比那些不生活在一起的大象要小)”以及第三段中“Parkerrecallstwoorphansinthestudy,FridaandRothko.‘Fridahadanon-functionalleftearandRothkohadanon-functionalrightear,’andtheywereinseparable,shesays.‘Itwasasthoughtheyhadatleastonegoodsetofearsaslongastheyweretogether!’ThefindingsalsofitwithprevioussocialresearchinAfricanelephants,Parkersays.(帕克回忆起研究中的两个孤儿，弗里达和罗斯科。“弗里达的左耳没有功能，罗斯科的右耳也没有功能，”他们形影不离，她说。“只要他们在一起，就好像他们至少有一副好耳朵一样!”帕克说，这些发现也符合之前对非洲象的社会研究)”可推知，帕克可能会同意孤儿大象需要同龄的伴侣的说法。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Withhuman-wildlifeconflictanddroughtthreatstoelephantsintheregion,thefindingspublishedtodayinCommunicationsBiologyofferanewinsightintohowhavingastrongfellowgroupmaycontributetoelephants’survival.(随着人类与野生动物的冲突和干旱对该地区大象的威胁，今天发表在《通讯生物学》上的研究结果为拥有一个强大的同伴如何有助于大象的生存提供了新的见解)”可知，作者认为这个团队的研究成果是新颖的。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍研究发现大象孤儿能从同龄大象那里得到帮助和陪伴，最终压力水平恢复正常。再结合第二段中“Theteam,however,madeanunexpectedfinding:Therereallywasn’tadifferenceinthestresshormonelevelsoforphanedandnon-orphanedelephants,aslongastheylivedwithfamilymembers,suchasaunts,cousins,orbrothersandsisters.Elephants—eventheorphans—thatlivedingroupswithfellowsoftheirownageturnedouttobeunderlessstressthanthosethatdidn’t.(然而，研究小组有了一个意想不到的发现:只要大象和家庭成员生活在一起，比如姨妈、表亲或兄弟姐妹，孤儿和非孤儿的大象的压力激素水平真的没有区别。事实证明，与同龄大象生活在一起的大象——甚至是孤儿大象——所承受的压力比那些不生活在一起的大象要小)”可知，D项“FriendsMayBeKeytoStressReliefforOrphanedElephants(朋友可能是孤儿大象缓解压力的关键)”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Duringwinterholidays,you’lllikelybephotographedcountlesstimes.Reunitingwithfamilyandfriendsnaturallypushesyoutovaluethemomentsbytakingphotos.____16____.Wetakepicturesonourphonesandquicklycheckifthephotosaregoodenoughtobeuploadedonlineorshared.Unfortunately,however,mostofusarenotnaturallyattractiveinphotos,andbeingthesubjectofsomanyphotographsfrequentlyresultsinmorethanafewimageswewishdidn’texist.____17____Byfollowingthesesimplemethods,youmaypermanentlydeleteundesirableimagesandenjoyyourholidaywithoutworryingaboutwhatmightenduponline.Knowinglightingisthefirststeptogettinggoodpictures.Thetrickistoplaceyourselfinfrontofthelightandplacethelightingbehindthecamera.Whenyoutakeashotwiththelightinfrontofyourcamera,thephotographlooksdark.However,brightlightingonyourfaceandbehindthelenses(镜头)willmakeyoulookbrighterandhelpavoidminorimperfections.____18____Also,ensurethatwindowsandlightingequipmentarebehindthecameraifyou’reshootingindoors.____19____!Maybeasideprofilesuitsyouthemost,orifyouhaveaniceface,afront-facephotocanlookthebest.So,takesomeselfies(自拍)andlearnyouridealphotoprofilebeforeashot.Withconfidence,takeyournetshot!Whileacomplexsurroundingscanresultinanaward-winningphoto,itfrequentlyshiftstheviewer’sattentionawayfromyou.Ifyou’rephotographingoutside,chooseasolid-coloredbuildingorwalltoposeagainst.____20____Havingeverythinginorderbehindyoucansignificantlyinfluencetheoutcomeofaphotograph.A.NowadaysphotosareinstantB.PhotoshootskillarethetoppriorityC.However,itdoesnothavetobethecasethisyearD.AppropriateanglescangiveyouanexcellentphotographE.Ifthelightisbright,itwillcreateshadowsonyourbodyF.Ifyou’reoutside,positionthecamerasothatthesunisbehinditG.Ensurethatthebackgroundiscleanandtidywhileshootingindoors答案：16.A17.C18.F19.D20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了网络时代，如何拍出除好看的自拍照与大家分享。【16题详解】根据下文“Wetakepicturesonourphonesandquicklycheckifthephotosaregoodenoughtobeuploadedonlineorshared.(我们用手机拍照，然后迅速检查照片是否足够好得可以上传到网上或分享)”可知，现在手机拍照可以拍完立即看拍摄效果。由此可知，A.Nowadaysphotosareinstant.(现在照片是即时的)意义一致，符合语境。故选A项。【17题详解】根据上文“Unfortunately,however,mostofusarenotnaturallyattractiveinphotos,andbeingthesubjectofsomanyphotographsfrequentlyresultsinmorethanafewimageswewishdidn’texist.”(然而，不幸的是，我们大多数人并不是天生有吸引力，适合拍照，频繁拍照经常会导致很多我们希望不存在的照片)可知，有时拍出来的照片不好看，不能使自己满意。结合下文“Byfollowingthesesimplemethods,youmaypermanentlydeleteundesirableimagesandenjoyyourholidaywithoutworryingaboutwhatmightenduponline.(通过遵循这些简单的方法，你就可以永久地删除不喜欢的照片，享受你的假期，而不用担心网上会出现什么)”可知，下面要介绍一些方法解决这些令人担忧的问题。由此可知，C.However,itdoesnothavetobethecasethisyear.(但是，今年情况并不一定是这样)符合语境。故选C项。【18题详解】根据本段段首主题句“Knowinglightingisthefirststeptogettinggoodpictures.(了解灯光是拍出好照片的第一步)”可知，本段是在讲拍照的采光问题；结合空前“However,brightlightingonyourfaceandbehindthelenses(镜头)willmakeyoulookbrighterandhelpavoidminorimperfections.(然而，明亮的光线打在你的脸上和相机后面会让你看起来更明亮，有助于避免小瑕疵)”及下文“Also,ensurethatwindowsandlightingequipmentarebehindthecameraifyou’reshootingindoors.(此外，如果你在室内拍摄，确保窗户和照明设备都在相机后面)”可知，F.Ifyou’reoutside,positionthecamerasothatthesunisbehindit.(如果你在室外，把相机放在太阳在它后面的位置)符合语境，先讲室外拍照的光线问题，再讲室内。故选F项。【19题详解】根据下文“Maybeasideprofilesuitsyouthemost,orifyouhaveaniceface,afront-facephotocanlookthebest.So,takesomeselfies(自拍)andlearnyouridealphotoprofilebeforeashot.(也许侧面的照片最适合你，或者如果你有一张漂亮的脸，正面的照片看起来最好。所以，在拍照之前，做一些自拍，了解一下你理想的照相角度)”可知，本段讲述拍摄角度问题。由此可知，D.Appropriateanglescangiveyouanexcellentphotograph.(适当的角度可以给你一个极好的照片)作为段首句，符合语境。故选D项。【20题详解】根据段首句“Whileacomplexsurroundingscanresultinanaward-winningphoto,itfrequentlyshiftstheviewer’sattentionawayfromyou.(虽然复杂的环境可以拍出获奖照片，但它经常会把观众的注意力从你身上转移开)”及下文“Havingeverythinginorderbehindyoucansignificantlyinfluencetheoutcomeofaphotograph.(你身后的一切都井然有序会极大地影响一张照片的效果)”可知，本段介绍拍摄背景方面的技巧。由此可知，G.Ensurethatthebackgroundiscleanandtidywhileshootingindoors.(室内拍摄时，确保背景干净整洁)符合语境。故选G项。第三部分：语言运用第一节：阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入人空白处的最佳选项。Therewasayoungboyatabeautifulbeachdiggingsandsusinghisplastictools.Whilehisotherfriendswereplayingthewholetime,thelittleboyspenthisday____21____hissandcastle.Heeven____22____amoat(护城河)usingaspoon,abridgewitha____23____,andwallsforhiscastle.Afterawholelongday,hefinishedhis____24____sandcastleuntilthewaveswashedhishardwork.Holdingbackhistears,theboydidn’tgetmadand____25____decidedtostudythewavesthat____26____hiscreation.Theboywasawareofthe____27____andsawitacoupleoftimesalready.Healreadyknewhowtodothingsbetter.Hefeltno____28____,regret,orfearanymorewheneverthewavescame.Hejustsmiled,____29____histoolsandleft.Heknewthatthetidewasbeyondhis_____30_____andhecouldn’tdoanythingaboutit.Whathecoulddothoughishowto_____31_____thosesituations.Basically,nomatterwhereyouare,thewavesoflifewillalways_____32_____you.Whatmattersmostishowyoubehaveduringthosemomentsandwhatthey_____33_____aboutyourselvesalongthis_____34_____calledlife.Keepcalmwhilelookingatthingsfromdifferentviewpointsbecausesometimesallittakesfor_____35_____tohappeninyourlifeisbylookingatthingsthroughdifferentlenses!21.A.creating B.picturing C.drawing D.watching22.A.kept B.made C.crossed D.defended23.A.bucket B.stone C.rope D.stick24.A.old B.royal C.dream D.solid25.A.therefore B.instead C.still D.nevertheless26.A.supported B.perfected C.copied D.destroyed27.A.castle B.construction C.sand D.tide28.A.sorrow B.doubt C.hesitation D.excitement29.A.heldup B.pickedup C.searchedfor D.threwaway30.A.belief B.repair C.control D.awareness31.A.talkabout B.drawupon C.reactto D.fightagainst32.A.search B.take C.recognize D.find33.A.know B.teach C.judge D.beat34.A.distance B.line C.journey D.circle35.A.changes B.crashes C.events D.attacks答案：21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.D27.D28.A29.B30.C31.C32.D33.B34.C35.A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了当生活中遇到波浪的时候，可以从不同的角度看问题，生活会发生变化。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的其他朋友一直在玩的时候，小男孩花了一整天的时间建造他的沙堡。A.creating创造；B.picturing想象；C.drawing绘画；D.watching观看。根据后文“Heeven____2____amoat(护城河)usingaspoon,abridgewitha____3____,andwallsforhiscastle.”可知，该在其他朋友一直在玩的时候，小男孩花了一整天的时间建造他的沙堡。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他甚至用勺子造了一条护城河，用棍子造了一座桥，还为他的城堡筑了墙。A.kept保持；B.made制作；C.crossed穿过；D.defended防御。根据后文的“amoat(护城河)usingaspoon,”可知，他用勺子制造了一条护城河。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他甚至用勺子造了一条护城河，用棍子造了一座桥，还为他的城堡筑了墙。A.bucket桶；B.stone石头；C.rope绳子；D.stick木棍。根据前文的“abridge”可知，男孩拥木棍搭建了一座桥。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在漫长一天之后，他完成了他的梦想沙堡，直到海浪冲刷了他的辛勤工作。A.old老的；B.royal皇室的；C.dream梦想的；D.solid坚硬的。根据后文的“sandcastle”可知，男孩建造的沙堡是他梦想的城堡。故选C。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。A.therefore因此；B.instead相反；C.still仍然；D.nevertheless不过，然而。根据前文“Holdingbackhistears,theboydidn’tgetmad”可知，设空处与前文构成转折关系，即表示男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。故选B。