山西省忻州市西张联合学校高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析

山西省忻州市西张联合学校高三英语上学期期末试卷含解析一、选择题1.Withallthemembersmakinggreatefforts,thereisagrowing_____thattheproblemcanbesettledsoon.

A.interest B.concern C.preference D.optimism参考答案：D2.washed

A．filled

B．recognized

C．whispered

D．promised参考答案：D3.The_______aretentoonethatwe’llwinthematch. A.opportunities B.possibility

C.chances

D.ability参考答案：C4.ThedoctortoldKate’sparentslastweekthatshe________fromherkneeinjury.A.recovers

B.isrecoveringC.hasrecovered

D.wasrecovering参考答案：D试题分析：考查动词时态。根据前面told可知这里是一般过去时，所以排除A,B,C，只有选项D符合。句意：医生告诉凯特的父母上个星期她正在从她膝盖受伤的病痛中恢复。故选D。5.—Look,I’vegotadmissiontoHarvardUniversityforashort-termstudynextsemester.—Howfantastic!You_____adifferentuniversityLifethen.A.haveexperienced B.willbeexperiencingC_havebeenexperiencing D.willhaveexperienced参考答案：B6.—Hi，Lucy.Ihearyoufailedthedrivingtestlastweek.—Badluck！WhenIwantedtostopmycar，thebrakework.A.mustn't

B.won'tC.wouldn't

D.shan't参考答案：C【详解】考查情态动词。句意：—嗨,露西。我听说你上星期的驾驶考试不及格。—倒霉!当我想停下我的车时，刹车坏了。结合句意可知答案为C。7.Anewstudyindicatesthatbasicstepstakenbypeopledailycangoalongwayin____thegreenhousegasemission. A.cuttingdown

B.takingdown

C.pullingdown

D.breakingdown参考答案：A略8.There'sonlyone

forlearningoralEnglish:Practice.Youcan'timproveyouroralEnglishifyoudon'tspeak,justlikeyoucan'tlearnhowtoswimonthebed.A.reference B.recipe C.regulation D.request参考答案：B【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：学习英语口语只有一个秘诀：练习。如果你不说，你就不能提高你的英语口语，就像你不能在床上学会游泳一样。A.reference参考；B.recipe秘诀；C.regulation规则；D.request要求。根据句意知其讲述了一个学习英语的方法，比较四个选项的意思。故选B项。9.Therewasanoilpainting_____inthecorner.It

______thereforseveraldays.A.laying;hadlaid

B.lain;hadlaid

C.lying;hadlain

D.laid;hadbeenlain参考答案：C10.Accordingtothenewestreports,personal_______ofgunsintheUSAcausesalotoftrouble.

A.matter

B.problem

C.possession

D.wealth参考答案：C11.—Ican’trepairtheseuntiltomorrow,I’mafraid．—That’sOK,there’s________．

A．noproblem

B．nohurry

C．nodoubt

D．nowonder参考答案：B．时间上不着急。12.Iamtoldthatthenewlawwillcomeinto_____onJanuary1stnextyear.A.effect

B.fashion

C.service

D.existence参考答案：A13.Thehousewassoldfor$60,000,whichwasfarmorethanitsreal_____.A.cost

B.value

C.price

D.money参考答案：B14.Mostmuseumsarejustforlooking.Buttodaysomeofthemhavethingsforyoutotouch.Thesignssay,"________!"

A.Betouching

B.Totouch

C.Dotouch

D.Notouch参考答案：C解析：根据语境提示是让摸，因此选C，表示"一定要摸"。

15.—Doyouthinkanadvertisementisahelpwhenyoulookingforajob.—Well,itdepends.____,itgivesmeachancetotry.浙江省嵊泗中学2012届高三第一次月考

A.Otherwise

B.Anyway

C.Somewhat

D.Therefore参考答案：B略16.Richardson

fromhisstudiesthatgenderequalityisstillalongwayoff.

A．accounted

B．concluded

C．resulted

D．confirmed参考答案：B17.Althoughthedriverwasbadlyhurt,he______explainwhathadhappened.A.could

B.wasableto

C.can

D.isableto参考答案：B二、新的题型18.Archbridgesareamongthemanyclassicarchitecturalworksthatyoucanseethroughouthistory,whichmanyofthemwereinspiredbyRomanEmpirearchitecture.ItissaidthattheearliestarchbridgeswerebuiltbytheancientGreeksandRomans.Soarchbridgescameintobeingthousandsofyearsago.Backthen,thesebridgesweremostlymadeofbricksorstones,andwerehighlypopular.Later,withtheindustrialrevolutionandtheintroductionofnewmaterials,otheradvancedbridgetypesanddesignswereintroduced.However,archbridgesarestillbeingused.Withtheintroductionofconcrete,steelandothernewmaterials,theirarchesarebuiltonamuchlargerscale.Archbridgesarecharacterizedbytheirarchesorcurveddesignsthatgivethemstrength.Asaresultofthiscurvingorbending,theloadforceisn’tpushedstraightdownwards,orrather,itiscarriedortransferredalongthearchcurvetothesupportsorabutments(桥墩)presentateachendofanarchbridge.Thissemi-circularstructurethusenablesahigherlevelofresistancetothebendingforcewhichmayhavealteredorchangedthebridge.Inotherwords,theforceactingonthebridgehorizontalisdistributedequally.Also,therearemanydifferentbuildingmaterialsforarchbridges.Theycanbebuiltusingawiderangeofmaterialsthatincludenaturaloneslikestones,bricks,etc.,aswellasman-madematerialslikereinforcedconcreteorsteel.Naturalorlocalmaterialsaidinsustainabilityandarestrongincompression.Inaddition,thesebridgestendtostrengthenwithincreasedusage.Ancientarchbridgeshadakeystone,whichwasonceputinanarchbridgeandcouldundergocompression,thusmakingthebridgestronger.Furthermore,theabutmentsalsohelpenhancethesustainabilityofthesebridges.Agreatdealofdeadweightisintroducedaboveeacharch,thussupportingloadsaswellasgainingstrength.Despitetheabovevariousadvantagesofthearchbridgestructure,there’realsomanydisadvantagesthatcannotbeignored.Forexample,thesebridgeshavealimitedspan(跨度)length.Thesizesofarchesandthematerialsusedcandeterminetheweightthatanarchbridgeiscapableofbearing.Suchbridgescanbebuiltonlyincertainsizes.Whennaturalmaterialsareusedforbuilding,additionalmaintenanceorcareisneeded.Thisisbecausetheimpactofwindforcedonthestructureorthewindloadcausesanarchbridgetobendandmove.Thus,frequentcarebecomesnecessary.Thismayfurthergiverisetoextramaintenancecosts.Archbridgeshavealongconstructiontime.Fortheproperandnormalfunctioningofthesebridges,theyhavetobebuiltinaparticularway.Thus,theirconstructionrequiresmoretime,mostlynoticedinthecaseofnaturalmaterials.Also,morelabormayberequired.Archbridgescanbeconstructedinonlycertainlocationswherethefoundationsonbothsidesaresolidandstable.Thisisbecausethistypeofbridgeneedsmoresupportfromitssides.Thereisnodoubtthatbyincorporating(把……融入)archesintothedesignofarchbridges,theyhavegainedsomedefiniteadvantages.However,nomatterhowfantastictheirdesignis,therearestillsomedrawbacksthatcannotbeavoided.Sowecanconcludethatthedecisionofhavinganarchbridgecanbemadebyconsideringtheaforementionedprosandcons.ArchbridgesGeneralintroduction

●Archbridgeshavebeenin___71___forthousandsofyears.●Theircommonbuildingmaterialsusedtobebricksandstones,andnowmanynewmaterialslikeconcreteandsteelhavebeenused,becauseofwhichthearchesarebuiltmore___72___.Pros

●Archbridgesarestrongthankstotheircurveddesigns,which___73___theloadforcebeingpushedstraightdownwards.●Thedesignsalsocontributetotheequal___74___ofthebendingforce,andthusthebridgesaremore___75___totheforce.●Diversematerialsusedtobuildarchbridgesare___76___.●Theapplicationofthesematerialsenablesthebridgestoundertakeheavypressure,thusmakingthem___77___.Theuseofthekeystoneandabutmentsmakethebridgesstrongerandmoredurable.Cons

Thespanlengthofanarchbridgeislimitedandhowmuchweightitcanbear___78___onitssizeandbuildingmaterials.Archbridgesrequiremaintaining___79___duetotheimpactofwindforcedonthem.Theconstructionofanarchbridgeisthe___80___ofmoretimeandlabor.Archbridgescanonlybelocatedwherethefoundationsonbothsidesaresolidandstable.conclusionWhenpeopledecidetobuildanarchbridge,theymustconsidertheaforementionedprosandcons.参考答案：71.existence72.massively73.prevent74.distribution 75.resistant76.available77.sustainable78.depends79.frequently/regularly80.consumption72.massively信息转换题根据文中“onamuchlargerscale更大规模地”进行转换=moremassively。73.prevent信息归纳题

根据文中“theloadforceisn’tpushedstraightdownwards”和后面的“beingpushed…”我们可以知道答案为prevent：preventtheloadforce(from)beingpushedstraightdownwards。74.distribution 信息转换题

根据文中“Inotherwords,theforceactingonthebridgehorizontalisdistributedequally”句子中的“distributed”进行转换，结合空前的“equal”是形容词，所以这儿应该填其名词的形式distribution。75.resistant

信息转换题

根据文中“Thissemi-circularstructurethusenablesahigherlevelofresistancetothebendingforcewhichmayhavealteredorchangedthebridge”句子中的“resistance”进行转换，结合空前的“more”可知这儿要填的是形容词resistant。76.available

信息归纳题

根据“Theycanbebuiltusingawiderangeofmaterialsthatincludenaturaloneslikestones,bricks,etc.,aswellasman-madematerialslikereinforcedconcreteorsteel.”的叙述说明建筑拱桥所能利用的材料很多。“Diversematerialsusedtobuildarchbridgesareavailable(可获得的)”与文章表述一致。77.sustainable

信息转换题

根据文中“Naturalorlocalmaterialsaidinsustainabilityandarestrongincompression”句子中的“sustainability”进行转换，结合空前的“makingthem”可知这儿要用形容词(sustainable)作“making”的宾语补足语。78.depends

信息归纳题

根据文中“Thesizesofarchesandthematerialsusedcandeterminetheweightthatanarchbridgeiscapableofbearing.”，结合空格后面的“on”我们可以得到答案为dependon(取决于，依赖)。“howmuchweightitcanbeardependsonitssizeandbuildingmaterials(拱桥究竟能够承受多大的重量取决于桥的大小和建筑材料)”与文章表述一致。本题也可以从原文中的“determine决定”一词得到提示。79.frequently/regularly

信息转换题

根据文中“…Thus,frequentcarebecomesnecessary.Thismayfurthergiverisetoextramaintenancecosts”说明(由于自然界风力的影响)对拱桥要经常或定期进行维护保养，结合空前的“maintaining”是动词，所以这儿要用副词(frequently/regularly)来修饰。80.consumption信息归纳题

根据文中“Thus,theirconstructionrequiresmoretime,mostlynoticedinthecaseofnaturalmaterials.Also,morelabormayberequired”进行归纳。“Theconstructionofanarchbridgeistheconsumptionofmoretimeandlabor.(建筑一座拱桥需要耗费更多的时间和人力)”与文章表述一致。三、阅读理解19.WhenGeoffMarcywas14,hisparentsboughthimatelescope.Everynight,hewouldgoontotheroofoutsidehiswindowtoseethewondersofthesky.

“Whatexcitedmemostwaswhethertherewereplanetsinothersolarsystemswherelifemightexist,”hesays.“IdecidedtotrytofindplanetsorbitingotherstarslikeourSun.”

Andhedid.“Myfellowresearcher,PaulButler,andIfoundourfirstplanetin1995,”Dr.Marcysays.“Weworkedfortenyearswithoutfindinganything!Butwestuckwithitandourpatiencepaidoff.”

Sincethen,thetwoscientistshavediscovered65ofthemorethan100planetsfoundorbitingotherstars.Dr.MarcyandDr.Butleralsospottedthefirst“family”ofthreeplanets.InJune2002theyannouncedanotherdiscovery:aJupiter-likeplanetorbitingstar55Cancri.

Atfirst,thetworesearchersfoundonlyplanetsthatorbitclosetostars.Recently,thescientistsfoundplanetsfartherout.Theplanetorbiting55Cancriisamajorbreakthrough:itisthefirstsightingofalargegasplanetaboutsamedistancefromthestarasJupiterisfromtheSun.

Whyisthisimportant?ScientiststhinkthatlifeonEarthmayexistbecauseoftwospecialfeaturesinoursolarsystem.ThefirstisJupiter.

“Becauseit’ssobig,Jupiterpullscometsandasteroids(小行星),ortheyallcomeandhittheEarth.”Dr.Marcyexplains.“WithoutJupiter,lifeonEarthwouldlikelyhavebeendestroyed.”

AsecondfeatureisthatEarthisarockyplanetwhereliquidwater,whichisnecessaryforlife,canexist.Unlikegasplanets,rockyplanetslikeEarthhavesurfaceswherewatercangatherinpoolsandseas,whichmaysupportlife.AhugespaceexistsbetweentheJupiter-like