高中英语高考冲刺语法专题8非谓语动词综合（教师版）

高中英语高考冲刺语法专题8：非谓语动词综合【问题查找】单句语法填空。Theparkwasfullofpeople,____________(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.TsinghuaUniversity,____________(find)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething____________(eat)!Istoppedthecar________(take)ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.Relaxyourselfeveryday,oryou'llbetootired________(get)goodgrades.WordcamethatChinesesportsdelegationhaswon9medalsinthe2014WinterOlympicsinSochi,Russia,________(rank)the12thofthemedallist.___________(free)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions,weeachneeddeepthoughtandinnerquietness.Somevillagersreportedahugesnake,_____________(measure)overtwometerslong,wasfounddeadinanearbycave.Withsomanylife'schallenges________(overe),theinjuredsoldierwasluckytohaveatraineddogaroundtoprovidesupport.________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorderfromChinese.Keys:1.enjoying2.founded3.toeat4.totake5.toget6.ranking7.Tofree8.measuring9.toovere10.Translated【要点精讲】学习目标：学生能识别谓语动词与非谓语动词的用法，掌握并区分非谓语动词的分类、定义和作用。学生能够灵活运非谓语动词进行语法填空解题。目标分解：(1)掌握谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分；(3)辨析非谓语动词（动词不定式、动词ing、过去分词）的定义和作用；(4)掌握非谓语动词在语法填空与短文填空中的考点应用。教学过程：激发动机、激发已有知识、解决问题、内化过程、总结优化一、用合适的活动激发学生动机。（需要老师进行个性化设计）外部动机：选择合适的方法激发学习动机内部动机：好激发激发已有知识教师提问：非谓语动词的分类包括哪些？非谓语综合非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式一般式todotobedone不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式tobedoing不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeingdone其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生完成式havingdonehavingbeendone其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过去分词done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成例如：①Ihavealotofreadingtopletebeforetheendofthisterm.本学期结束前，我有大量的阅读任务要完成。②CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthefirstputer.人们一致认为查尔斯·巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。③Noharmseemstohavebeendone.似乎并没有造成伤害。④Doyoumindbeinginterruptedwhilestudying?你介意学习时被打扰吗？⑤Havingbeenignoredforalongtime,theboysittingatthebackfeltboredandwentout.因长时间被忽视，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。⑥Givenenoughtime,wearesuretodoitwell.如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。解决学习问题：目标对应的活动（目标的问题化分解）：考点一辨析谓语动词与非谓语动词教师提问：我们现在知道了非谓语动词的分类以及形式了，那么，你知道该如何区分谓语动词与非谓语动词了吗？观察下列句子，说出划线部分对应所作成分。1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.主语定语连系动词表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.谓语宾语宾补3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词。2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分，用所给词的适当形式填空完成句子，并归纳。1.Ihope__________(hear)fromyousoon.2.Shesatatthewindow,_________(read)amagazine.简单句：简单句中已经出现了谓语动词，填入非谓语。3.I_______(do)allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI’vebeentoobusytodoit.并列句：有并列连词but连接两个简单句，填入谓语。4.Thisisthegirlwho__________(live)nextdoor.5.Mydecisionisthatallofus_____________(start)at6o’clocktomorrow.复合句：从句中缺谓语，填入谓语。tohear2.reading3.do4.lives5.will/aregoingtostart【总结】非谓语动词使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,butleftherhandbagonherseat.非谓语动词的特点：1.不能单独作谓语；2.没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。3.还可以有自己的宾语和状语构成非谓语短语在句中一起做成分。【例题分析】请用下划线画出句中的谓语，并用括号标出非谓语。Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines,thetoothpastemarketer,forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。(Havingchosen)familytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines,thetoothpastemarketer,forinstance,mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazines(tobeused).二、用所给词的适当形式填空。Themantookoutthekey,_________(open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthere,_________(read)abook.3._______(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion___________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.5.___________(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.1.opened2.reading3.Work4.discussed5.Toimprove考点二非谓语动词的定义与作用教师提问：非谓语动词在句中分别可以做什么成分？名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√一、非谓语动词作状语1、不定式作状语不定式作状语例句(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。I’mverygladtobeinvitedtoattendthemeeting.(2)目的状语可与soasto/inorderto替换，但soasto一般不可置于句首。Tocatchtheearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用onlytodo。Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlytobetoldthathiswifehadlefthim.熟记固定结构：(1)only/justto…;too…to…；so/suchasto…；…enough(forsb.)to…(2)be＋adj.＋todosth.AsfarasI’mconcerned,thebookisveryhardtolearn.就我个人而言，这本书很难理解。Themorningairissogoodtobreathethathegetsupearlyeveryday.早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。2、分词作状语形式意义v.ing(doing)与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中谓语动词动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生having+v.ed(having

done)与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于谓语动

词动作发生v.ed(done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系being+v.ed(being

done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且与谓语动词动作同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首having

been+v.ed(having

been

done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生Havingworkedfortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.Havingbeenlaughedatforhismistakes,theboywasashamedandembarrassed.Offeredanimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobeefamous.Givenmoreattention,thechildrencouldhavegrownbetter.【注意】源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof(厌烦了)等。Absorbedinhisbook,hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。即分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系，否则一般不能使用分词作状语。分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可与连词while或when连用。分词与不定式作状语的区别(1)把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系；区别现在分词与过去分词：现在分词表示主动或正在进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。(2)现在分词的完成式havingdone表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系，同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。Havingdrivenallday,wewererathertired.开了一天的车，我们相当累。(3)不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果，现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。3、有些分词或不定式短语作状语，构成独立结构，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有：generallyspeaking一般来说；franklyspeaking坦白地说；judgingfrom/by…根据……来判断；considering…/taking…intoconsideration考虑到……；totellthetruth说实话；paredto/with与……相比较；tobeginwith首先；seeing…鉴于/由于……；given考虑到，鉴于；supposing假设，如果；assuming假使；provided(that…)如果；concerning关于4、独立主格结构定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系；③独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。(2)独立主格结构的构成：①名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词；②名词/代词+形容词；③名词/代词+副词；④名词/代词+不定式；⑤名词/代词+介词短语。⑥with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语。Thetestfinished(＝Whenthetestwasfinished),webeganourholiday.Weatherpermitting(＝Ifweatherpermits),wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.Thegirlstaringathim(＝Asthegirlstaredathim),hedidn'tknowwhattosay.Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane,someoldpartstohelp.Withtimepassingby,healmostforgoteverythinginthepast.(time和pass之间为主动关系)Hesatonthechair,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.(hands和tie之间为被动关系)二、非谓语动词作定语定语形式功能现在分词一般式doing表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中现在分词一般式的被动结构beingdone表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中过去分词done表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成动词不定式todo表示将要发生的动作动词不定式一般式的被动结构tobedone表示将要被做的动作非谓语动词作定语的辨析：(1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系；(2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。Theproblemdiscussedatthelastmeetingwasofgreatimportance.Thematterbeingdiscussednowisofgreatimportance.Theproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeetingisofgreatimportance.【注意】①作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示一个动作已完成，不表被动。fallingleaves正在下落的叶子(表正在进行)fallenleaves落叶(表完成)②动名词作定语常用来说明被修饰词的用途或目的。awalkingstick拐杖areadingroom阅览室asleepingcar卧铺车三、非谓语动词作宾语非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式：只能用不定式作宾语的动词下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help。此外，afford,strive,happen,wait,threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。MyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendsomebookstome.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。只能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon；admit,delay/putoff,fancy想象,设想avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice；deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate；forbid,imagine,risk；can’thelp禁不住,mind,allow/permit,escape。此外，下列动词短语也要用动名词作宾语：beused/accustomedto,leadto,devoteto,gobackto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,can’tstand(无法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,thank...for,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in),spendtime(in),lookforwardto。①Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面。②Mymothercouldn’thelpsmilingwhensheheardthegoodnews.听到那好消息，我妈妈情不自禁地笑起来。既可以接不定式也可以接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语下列动词或动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：后接不定式后接动名词regrettodosth.遗憾要去做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记已做过某事remembertodosth.记得要做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事meantodosth.打算做某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事trytodosth.努力/企图做某事trydoingsth.试着做某事can’thelp(to)dosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事①Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday,butIforgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。②Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语1.“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see,watch，observe,notice,lookat,hear,listento,feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。Ilookedupandnoticedasnakewindingitswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.Listen!Doyouhearsomeonecallingforhelp?IwassleepingwhenIheardmynameshouted.2.热点动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。①make＋宾语＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(do让……做(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的,主动关系),done让……被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑,上的被动关系)))Theymademerepeatthestory.Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.②let最常用的结构为“let＋宾语＋do”，表示“让……做……”。Onthecontrary,thosewholetteenagersexperiencetheconsequencesoftheiractionscandobetter.相反，那些让孩子体验自己行为结果的父母往往会做得更好。eq\a\vs4\al(③have＋宾,语＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth.使……做某事,,,,,doingsth.使……持续做某事))\a\vs4\al((宾语与,宾补为逻,辑上的主,动关系)),done使……被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑,上的被动关系)))Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了安检。eq\a\vs4\al(④get＋宾,语＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.使……做,doingsth.使……做))\a\vs4\al((宾语与宾补为逻,辑上的主动关系)),done使……被做(宾语与宾补为逻辑,上的被动关系)))Hegotmetoposttheletterforhim.Thecaptaingotthesoldiersmovingtowardthefrontafterashortrest.I'llgetmybikerepairedtomorrow.3.固定短语，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warnsb.todosth.等。Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfood.with复合结构常用形式：witheq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sb./sth.doing（表主动且进行，或表特征）,sth.done（表被动且完成，或表状态）,sth.todo（表将来）))Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersupperintheparkwiththeirpetdogfollowingthem.Withalotofworktodo,shewasn’tallowedtoleaveheroffice.五、非谓语动词作主语和表语1.不定式和动名词作主语和表语[※非谓语动词只有不定式与动名词作主语]成分不定式动名词主语(1)不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，而不定式是真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It’sawasteoftimedoing...；It’snouse/gooddoing...；Itisuseless...doing...；Thereisno...等中。表语(2)不定式作表语常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。(2)动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。例句：①Toclimbthemountainishardworkbuttogodownthemountainisgreatfun.②Itisnoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.①Hiswishistobeadoctorinthefuture.②Myjobistocleantheroomseveryday.①Knowingbasicfirst­aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.②Itisnouseplainingwithouttakingaction.③Thereisnojokingaboutsuchseriousmatters.①Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.②Whatshelikemostislyingonthegrasslandandbathinginthesunshine.分词做表语(1)非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到……的”。Thenewswasexcitingandwewereexcitedthewholenight.这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。(2)get,bee,look,seem,appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。ThisquotationfromWinstonChurchilltellsusthatweshouldn’tgetdiscouragedrightafterfailures.温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们绝不能气馁。考点三、非谓语动词在考题中的考查教师提问：虽然我们已经掌握了不同的非谓语动词在句中所起的作用的不同，那么你知道在句子中该如何辨析应用了吗？高考对非谓语动词作状语的主要考查点有：现在分词过去分词动词不定式①表示主动和进行；②表示自然而然的结果；表示被动和完成表目的【注意】动词不定式作状语，还有onlytodo表示出乎意料的结果，以及“主语＋系动词＋形容词(表情感)＋todo”结构中不定式的用法也常在高考中出现。命题法1考查不定式作状语典例(单句语法填空)Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only________(find)itdidn'tfit.解析句意：她急切地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上，结果发现它不合身。onlytodo表示出乎意料的结果。故填tofind。【解题法】(1)对不定式作状语的考查主要在目的状语、原因状语和结果状语上。熟知一些常用不定式的结构，观察语境找出答案。(2)在语法填空中，常给出动词形式，考生需要考虑不定式作状语与分词作状语的区别，熟悉各自的意义及功能。命题法2考查分词作状语典例3(单句语法填空)Asforthegame,itwillberescheduledfortomorroweveningatthesametime,_________(depend)ontheweather.解析句意：对于这个比赛，它会被重新安排在明天晚上同一时间，这取决于天气。分析句子结构知，空处作状语，与前文是顺承关系，故用现在分词形式，故填depending。【解题法】(1)对分词作状语的考查主要在条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、让步状语、结果状语和伴随状语上。找准分词动作的逻辑主语，根据语境确定答案。(2)在语法填空中，常给出动词形式。考生需考虑现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别，熟悉各自的意义及功能。高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要有：现在分词过去分词动词不定式表示主动和进行；表示被动和完成；表示在谓语动词之后发生的将来动作；命题法考查非谓语作定语的用法典例(单句语法填空)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.解析句意：香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie&Kent说，他们经常在这儿为上海人和香港人安排方便的度假。该句的谓语动词是arranges，所以此处应是非谓语动词；people和live之间是主动关系，故用living作后置定语。【解题法】各种非谓语形式作定语的用法(1)熟悉不同的非谓语作定语的特点以及一些固定用法。(2)在语篇型语法填空中，考查非谓语形式作定语一般都给提示词，考生需分析题意，结合语境找出被修饰词与所给动词的逻辑关系，以及非谓语动作发生的时间，从而判断出用哪一形式。考查非谓语动词作补语、宾语、表语、主语时，要求考生能分析句子结构，熟知几种非谓语形式的特点，分析动作发生的时间以及与逻辑主语的主动或被动关系。命题法考查非谓语动词作补语、宾语、表语和主语的用法典例1(单句语法填空)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout________(use)electricequipment.解析句意：除了朴素之美外，令人赞叹的是这些土坯房具有不使用电气设备就能自动进行空气调节的能力。介词without后面用名词或动名词作宾语，故填using。典例2(单句语法填空)________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.解析句意：忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重错误之一。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语部分是willbe,oneoftheworstmistakes是表语，youmake是省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰mistakes。很显然，________thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindings是主语部分，结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语。答案为Ignoring。【解题法】(1)掌握一些非谓语动词的意义，功能和固定用法。(2)在语篇型语法填空中，考查非谓语动词是给提示词的，考生要先分析句子结构，判断所填部分在句中所作的成分，然后再结合句意找出非谓语动作的逻辑主语以及两者间的关系，还要清楚非谓语动作的发生时间，从而确定答案。【查漏补缺】单句语法填空。1.________(judge)fromhisaccent,heisfromthesouthofAmerica.2.________(struggle)withdepressionforyears,shenowunderstandstheimportantofbeinghealthy.3.________(give)apush,anobjectwillmoveforwardanddowork.4.FormerChinesepremierZhuRongjiissaid___________(donate)nearly40millionyuanofallofhisbook'sroyalty(版税)ineoverthepasttwoyears.5.Thestudent________(absorb)inthegamesonthesmartphoneduringclassdidnotnoticehisteacherbehindhim.6.Aman,________(sentence)18yearsago,wasfoundnotguilty,whichamazedmanypeople.Squaredancing,________(see)asawaytorelaxandexercisebysomepeople,hasbroughtaboutlotsofarguments.“Hopeforthebestandpreparefortheworst”isaproverb,________(mean)lifeisbeautifulandfulloffrustrationsaswell.Peoplefromallthecornerscametothecitycenter,________(make)itverycrowded.Hesurvivedthecrash,only________(die)inthedesert.Keys:1.Judging2.Havingstruggled3.Given4.tohavedonated5.absorbed6.sentenced7.seen8.meaning9.making10.todie【梳理优化】一、常考题型：1.语法填空题2.书面表达二、解题技巧第一步：辨别谓语与非谓语第二步：判断语态找非谓语的逻辑主语：作定语时，被修饰的词是其逻辑主语；作状语时，句子的主语是其逻辑主语；作补语时，句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主谓还是动宾关系。第三步：分析时态根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间或根据上下文的语境确定时间。语法填空解题技法面面观技巧一谨记句法功能技巧二牢记固定搭配技巧三辨清逻辑关系三、口诀(1)歌诀巧记仅接不定式作宾语的动词：同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心强。agree(同意);offer(提出);intend,plan(打算,计划);demand,ask(要求);promise(答应);help(帮忙);prepare(准备);decide(决定);refuse(拒绝);dare(敢于);choose(选择);wish,hope,want,expect(希望,想要);fail(不能);pretend(假装);manage(设法);determine(决心)下列动词或词组一般用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅：consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon承认推迟没得想：admit,delay/putoff,fancy避免错过继续练：avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practice否认完成停止赏：deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate不禁介意准逃亡：can'thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape不准冒险凭想象：forbid,risk,imagine名称语法功能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√【强化巩固】用所给词的适当形式填空。Ithasbeensaidbefore,but1._____________(experience)itmyselfhasmademewanttosayitagain:asmilecancrossalllanguagebarriers.Irecently2.___________(move)fromCanadatoasmallcityonthesouthcoastofSouthKoreatoworkasanEnglishteacher.Onenight,afteralongdayatwork,Iwasfeelingparticularlywornout.Mylegs3.____________(ache)andIwasn’tlookingforwardto4._________(cook)dinner.JustasIwasaboutto5.____________(push)thekeyintothedoor,theoldlandlady6._________(call)tomeandmotionedmeintoherapartment.Ididn’tunderstandawordthatshesaid,butIunderstoodhersmile.Ifollowedherintoherkitchen,whichsmelledlikethewonderfulKoreanfoodsIwasingtolove.7.___________(put)manydishesoffoodonthetable,shesatdownacrossfromme.Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourpleteinabilitytomunicateinwords.Whenitwastime8.___________(leave),Isaid“thankyou”inKorean,9._________(use)someofthefewwordsIhadlearned.IfeltlesslonelythanI10.____________(expect)thatnight.Keys:1.experiencing2.moved3.wereaching4.cooking5.push6.called7.Putting8.toleave9.using10.hadexpected【课后练习】一、单句语法填空1.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople________(watch)thesingingcontestliveonTV.2.LiNa,thefirst________(achieve)arankingofworldNo.2inAsia,retiredfromtennisinSeptember.3.Thetwopresidentsagreewitheachotheronthewhole,butmuchremains________(discuss)atthenextmeeting.4.Harry,pleasetellthepeopleseatedand___________(wait)fortheirturnstoetotheheadmaster’sofficetenminuteslater.5.TheofficeoftheStudents'Unionwillcontactthe___________(choose)candidatesforaninterviewinafewdays.6.FengXiaogang,____________(recognize)bymanyasaleadingdirector,lefthishandprintattheTCLChineseTheatre.7.InrecentyearsanEnglishword“infosphere”hasappeared,__________(bine)thesenseof“information”and“atmosphere”.8.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying________(connect).9.____________(municate)onWeChatisamonphenomenon,andmorepeoplehardlywriteletters.10.Theability_____________(express)one'sideasomehowdecideshowfaronecangetalonginone'scollege.Keys:1.watching2.toachieve3.tobediscussed4.waiting5.chosen6.recognized7.bining8.connected9.municating10.toexpress二、语法填空FabienCousteauwasbornwithdeeplovefortheocean.Hisgrandfatherandhisfatherwereocean1._______________(explore)anddocumentaryfilmmakers.Today,Fabienfollowsinhisfamily'sfootsteptoprotecttheplanet's2._______________(danger)oceanlifeandtries3._______________(strike)abalancebetweenenvironmentalproblemsandmarketeconomies.Fabieniswellknownforhisstudyofsharks.During2000﹣2002,hecreatedaTVspecialbasedonthesharkattacksthat4._______________(occurr)alongtheNewJerseyshorelinein1916.Thenin2003﹣2006,5._______________thehelpofalargecrew,Fabiencreatedasharksubmarinethatenabled6._______________(he)toputhimselfinsidethesharkworld,providingpeoplewitharareviewofthemysteriousandoftenmisunderstoodcreatures.Forthenextfouryears,FabienwaspartofaseriescalledOceanAdventures,7._______________offeredararelookintosomeofthemostfantasticoceanspeciesandenvironments.In2010,Fabienstartedanonprofitprojecttohelprestorewaterecosystemsbyreplantingkeyoceanspecies.FromJune1toJuly2,2014,Fabienandhisteamspent31daysunderwatertodiscover8._______________climatechangeandpollutionareaffectingtheoceans.Fabien'sMission31brokenewgroundbygoingdeeper,longerandfarther.Fabineis9._______________(current)workingonadocumentaryfilmabouttheadventuresofMission31,aswellas10._______________(build)anOceanLearningCentertoprovidechildrenaroundtheworldwiththeopportunitytolearnaboutoceans.Keys:1explorers；2.endangered；3.tostrike；4.occurred；5.with；6.him；7.which；8how；9；currently；10building三、阅读理解PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,hasweledthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtoweleanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirsttimemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirsttimemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.5.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenewbornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother. B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.Sheisingoodcondition D.Sheissensitivetoheat.6.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary. B.TheyenjoyedexploringnewplacesC.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers. D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPornLympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.Keys:1.D2.C3.A4.D说明文。文章主要介绍了在PortLympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。1.推理判断题。通过文章第一段“shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve(她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.(他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选D项。2.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.(她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，PaulBeer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。3.细节理解题。通过文章第一段“WhenthetinvcreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.(1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirsttimemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.(1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在PortLympne，体重约为32公斤)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。4.推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“itistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild(要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，PonLympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。四、七选五Namingapetcanbedifficultconsideringallthecutenamesavailable.Whennamingyourpetyouwanttomakesuretheirnameisshortandsimple,notsomethingtoocrazy!Herearesomewaystohelpyounameyour