适用于新高考新教材备战2025届高考英语一轮总复习高考题型组合练Unit1Foodforthought课件外研版必修第二册

Unit1

FoodforthoughtⅠ.阅读理解ⅠⅡⅢⅣATheMogaoGrottoeswereacenterofBuddhistlifeandsomeoftheworld’sgreatculturesforhundredsofyears.However,bythelateQingDynastytheyhadbeenabandonedandnearlyforgottenandmanyofthecaveshadbecomedamagedbytheelements.Around1900,withthediscoveryofalibraryofthousandsofancientdocuments,thecavesreceivednewinterestfromChineseandforeignresearchers.Unfortunately,thisresultedintensofthousandsofitemsfromthecavesbeingtakentoforeignmuseums.ⅠⅡⅢⅣInthe1940s,manyresearchersandartistsvisitedtheareatostudytraditionalChineseart.CopiesofsomeoftheartworkpaintedbyrespectedartistssuchasZhangDaqianandGuanShanyuehelpedpeoplealloverthecountrylearnaboutDunhuang.Theseartistswerealsoinspiredbytheartworktheysawinthecavesanditbegantoinfluencetheirpaintingstyles.Othersstavedinthedesertformuchlonger.ChangShuhongstayedfortherestofhislife—strugglingtorecordtheculturaltreasuresandprotectthemfromtheweather.AsaresultoftheireffortstheDunhuangAcademywasformedtoprotectandstudytheMogaoGrottoes.ⅠⅡⅢⅣIn1987,theMogaoGrottoeswerenamedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Whilethecavesareopentothepublic,accessisnowlimitedinordertoprotecttheartwork.However,thecavescanbeseenonlineindigitalformsothatpeoplearoundtheworldcanstudyandenjoythem.Despiteitsremoteness,theMogaoGrottoescontinuetodrawvisitors.Andjustasthesandanddeserthavesurvivedlargelyunchangedthroughthecenturies,thissmallartgalleryinthedeserthasalsosurvivedlargelyunchangedprovidinganamazinglookataworldlongagopast.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莫高窟的概况、历史以及现状。

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ1.WhendidtheMogaoGrottoesregaintheworld’sattention?A.Hundredsofyearsago.B.InthelateQingDynasty.C.Inthelateeightiesofthe20thcentury.D.Aroundthebeginningofthe20thcentury.答案

D

解析

细节理解题。根据第一段的“Around

1900,with

the

discovery

of

a

library

of

thousands

of

ancient

documents,the

caves

received

new

interest

from

Chinese

and

foreign

researchers.”可知,大约在20世纪初,莫高窟重新引起了中外研究人员的兴趣。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtheartistsinthe1940s?A.Tolearnabouttheirworks.B.Toshowhowhardtheyworked.C.Tocomparetheirdifferentstyles.D.Toappreciatetheircontributions.答案

D

解析

推理判断题。根据第二段“In

the

1940s,many

researchers

and

artists...was

formed

to

protect

and

study

the

Mogao

Grottoes.”可知,20世纪40年代,许多研究人员和艺术家通过他们的努力,让人们了解了敦煌。由此推知,文章提及20世纪40年代的艺术家们是为了赞赏他们在传承莫高窟文化上的贡献。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.Whenpeoplehavenoaccesstovisitingthecaves,

.

A.theycandoresearchesonlineB.theycanenjoythedigitalversionsC.theycanwatchcopiesinartgalleriesD.theycanstudytheminforeignmuseums答案

B

解析

细节理解题。根据第三段的“While

the

caves

are

open

to

the

public,access

is

now

limited

in

order

to

protect

the

artwork.However,the

caves

can

be

seen

online

in

digital

form

so

that

people

around

the

world

can

study

and

enjoy

them.”可知,为了保护艺术品,现在莫高窟被限制进入,然而,人们可以在网上以数字模型的形式看到、研究和欣赏它们。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheMogaoGrottoes—CenterofBuddhistLifeB.TheMogaoGrottoes—ArtGalleryintheDesertC.RespectedArtists—ProtectorsoftheMogaoGrottoesD.AnAmazingTouristAttraction—TheMogaoGrottoes答案

B

解析

主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章在第一段讲述了莫高窟重新获得人们关注的原因;第二段提及20世纪40年代的艺术家们在传承莫高窟文化上所做的努力,赞赏了他们的贡献;第三段讲述莫高窟被列为联合国世界文化遗产;第四段讲述了莫高窟的艺术价值。因此,本文主要介绍了沙漠中的艺术长廊——莫高窟。故选B项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣBTheRomanColosseum(罗马圆形大剧场),builtaroundtwothousandyearsago,surviveda14thcenturyearthquakeandmostofthe150-somefoothighbuildingisstillstanding.IthasseentheriseandfallofenormousstructuresaswellastheRomanEmpire.Whycouldtheancientstructurestandthetestoftimewhilemanymodernconstructionsfallapartafterafewdecades?ScientistsbelievetheancientRomansusedaspecificconcretewhichmayaccountforitssuper-longexistence.ⅠⅡⅢⅣPreviousdiscoverieshaveconfirmedthecomponentsoftheRomanconcrete:volcanicmaterial,limestone(石灰石)andwater.Architectssupposethevolcanicmaterialiswhatmakesthebuildingstrong.Butthisisnotenoughtoexplainthearchitecture’sdurability.AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredamagicalpoweroftheRomanconcrete:self-healing.Andthekeyactuallyliesinthetinypiecesoflimestone.Worthmentioningisthatresearchershadtakenthemasimpurities(杂质)duetothelimitationofancienttechnology.ButitturnedoutthatancientRomansseemedtohavediscoveredthesecret.ⅠⅡⅢⅣWhentheRomansmadethemixture,theyheatedupthelimestonetoturnitintoquicklime,averyreactivechemical.Quicklimereactedwithwaterandproducedheatthatsetupachemicalfoundationtostrengthenthebuildingmaterial.Meanwhile,itwould“wear”ahard“shell”,forminglimestonepieces.Itwasthesepiecesthatstoppedthecracks(裂缝)frombecomingbigger.Whentherewasrain,thepiecesreactedwithwateragain,quicklyfillingthecracks.FormaterialscientistAinissaRamirez,thisnewunderstandingofancientRomanconcreteisawelcomediscovery.“Thisisonewaythatthematerialcanbegreener,”saysRamirez,“TheRomansmadethematerial.Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterguardsofourenvironment.”ⅠⅡⅢⅣ【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗马斗兽场,它建于大约两千年前,在14世纪的一场地震中幸存下来,大部分150多英尺高的建筑仍然屹立不倒。它见证了巨大建筑和罗马帝国的兴衰。为什么古代建筑能经受住时间的考验,而许多现代建筑在几十年后就倒塌了?科学家认为,古罗马人使用了一种特殊的混凝土,这可能是它长久存在的原因。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.WhycouldRomanColosseumstillexistaccordingtothetext?A.Itwasrebuiltconstantly.B.Itmetfewnaturaldisasters.C.Itcontainedaspecialmaterial.D.Itsshapeincreasedthestability.答案

C

解析

细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientists

believe

the

ancient

Romans

used

a

specific

concrete

which

may

account

for

its

super-long

existence.”可知,罗马斗兽场还能存在的原因是它含有一种特殊的材料。故选C项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.Whatisthefunctionofthelimestonepieces?A.Topurifytheconcrete.B.Toreactwithvolcanicmaterial.C.Tomakethestructurewater-proof.D.Toenablethebuildingtorepairitself.答案

D

解析

细节理解题。根据第二段的“A

team

of

researchers

recently

discovered

a

magical

power

of

the

Roman

concrete:self-healing.And

the

key

actually

lies

in

the

tiny

pieces

of

limestone.”可知,石灰石的功能是使建筑能够自我修复。故选D项。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A.Therainwater.

B.Thefoundation.C.Thequicklime. D.Thelimestone.答案

C

解析

词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Quicklime

reacted

with

water

and

produced

heat

that

set

up

a

chemical

foundation

to

strengthen

the

building

material.”以及画线单词所在句中的“Meanwhile”可知,画线单词it指的就是上文提到的生石灰。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ8.WhatcanbeinferredfromAinissaRamirez’swords?A.Architectscangetinspirationfromancientstructures.B.TheRomans’buildingmethodremainsasecrettillnow.C.Romans’wisdomthrowslightoneco-friendlyarchitecture.D.Scientistsareexploringhowtoguardtheancientcivilization.答案

C

解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We

had

to

kind

of

figure

out

how

they

did

it

so

that

we

can

make

better

materials—and

then,you

know,in

turn,be

better

guards

of

our

environment.”可知,从Ainissa

Ramirez的话中我们可以推断出罗马人的智慧为环保建筑提供了启示。Ⅱ.七选五ⅠⅡⅢⅣNew

animalsInnorthernVietnam,inthickforestsintheNorthAnnamiteMountains,thereisawildlifeparkcalledVuQuang.In1986,theareawasmadeanofficialforestreserve.In2002,550squarekilometersoftheareaweredeclaredaNationalPark.

1

.Itisinanareathatishardtogetto,foronething.Andit’sanareathat’sdifficulttowalkthroughbecausetherocksarecoveredwithalgaeandareveryslippery.

2

.Inthelasttwentyyears,severalnewspeciesofanimalsthathaveneverbeenseenanywhereintheworldbeforehavebeendiscoveredthere.Someofthemaresonewthatscientistshaven’tgiventhemofficialnamesyet!

ⅠⅡⅢⅣThenewanimalsdiscoveredattheparkincludetheVuQuangoxorSaola,a“slow”deer,agiantmuntjac(theworld’slargest,infact),ablackdeeranda“holy”goat.

3

,aswellastwospeciesofamphibiansand15speciesofreptiles.

TheSaolawasthefirstnewspeciesoflargemammaltobediscoveredinmorethanfiftyyears,soitcausedalotofexcitementinthescientificworld.Itisastrangegoat-likecreaturethatlooksasifitissomehowrelatedtocattle.Ithashornsthatcanbebetweenoneandtwofeetlong,andthatseemtocomeoutoftheanimal’sheadatslightlydifferentangles.

4

.

ⅠⅡⅢⅣThecreaturehadhiddensafelyforgenerationsintheVuQuangarea.Butonceitwasdiscovered,itwasindanger.

5

.Sadly,theSaolaisnowbeinghuntedandmaywellendupasanotherendangeredspecies.

A.That’swhyitattractshuntersB.VuQuangisnoordinarypark,thoughC.HuntershavenorespectfornewspeciesD.Butthat’snotallthatisunusualaboutVuQuangE.FivenewspeciesoffishhavealsobeenfoundthereF.ThiswasthefirsttimesomanynewspecieshadbeenfoundinthisareaG.That’swhyitiscalled“Saola”,meaning“spinningwheelposts”inVietnameseⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案及解析

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了越南武广国家公园及其里面新物种的相关情况。1.B

由下文“It

is

in

an

area

that

is

hard

to

get

to,for

one

thing.And

it’s

an

area

that’s

difficult

to

walk

through

because

the

rocks

are

covered

with

algae

and

are

very

slippery.”和普通公园易到达的常识可知,武广国家公园难以到达,和普通公园不一样,B项“然而,武广不是一个普通的公园”切合语境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ2.D

由上文“It

is

in

an

area

that

is

hard

to

get

to,for

one

thing.And

it’s

an

area

that’s

difficult

to

walk

through

because

the

rocks

are

covered

with

algae

and

are

very

slippery.”可知,武广国家公园难以到达,不同寻常,下文“In

the

last

twenty

years,several

new

species

of

animals

that

have

never

been

seen

anywhere

in

the

world

before

have

been

discovered

there.Some

of

them

are

so

new

that

scientists

haven’t

given

them

official

names

yet!”介绍武广国家公园里面发现了一些闻所未闻的新物种,这也是不同寻常之处,由此可知,该空应该进一步提及武广国家公园的不平凡之处。D项“但这并不是武广国家公园的全部不同寻常之处”切合语境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.E

由上文“The

new

animals

discovered

at

the

park

include

the

Vu

Quang

ox

or

Saola,a

‘slow’deer,a

giant

muntjac

(the

world’s

largest,in

fact),a

black

deer

and

a

‘holy’goat.”和下文“as

well

as

two

species

of

amphibians

and

15

species

of

reptiles”可知,该空和上下文列举了武广国家公园里面发现的新物种,E项“在那里还发现了五种新的鱼类”切合语境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.G

由上文“The

Saola

was

the

first

new

species

of

large

mammal

to

be

discovered

in

more

than

fifty

years,so

it

caused

a

lot

of

excitement

in

the

scientific

world.It

is

a

strange

goat-like

creature

that

looks

as

if

it

is

somehow

related

to

cattle.It

has

horns

that

can

be

between

one

and

two

feet

long,and

that

seem

to

come

out

of

the

animal’s

head

at

slightly

different

angles.”可知,此段对Saola的外貌进行描述,故该空应承接上文继续介绍Saola的相关情况,G项“这就是为什么它被称为‘Saola’,在越南语中的意思是‘纺车桩’”切合语境。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.C

由上文“The

creature

had

hidden

safely

for

generations

in

the

Vu

Quang

area.But

once

it

was

discovered,it

was

in

danger.”和下文“Sadly,the

Saola

is

now

being

hunted

and

may

well

end

up

as

another

endangered

species.”可知,Saola处于危险之中,空格处和下文构成因果关系,正是因为猎人不尊重新物种,Saola才会被猎杀,C项“猎人不尊重新物种”切合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空ⅠⅡⅢⅣHuizhouenjoysatime-honoredhistory.In2000,XidiandthenearbyHongcunvillageweredeclaredWorldHeritagesitesbyUNESCOfortheiroutstandingpreservationofruralarchitecture1.

(date)backtotheMingandQingDynasties.

Huizhouhousesareoftenwoodenstructureswithbrickwalls,whichrequirealotofmaintenance.Moreover,daylightisvaluedinHuizhouhouses,whichisreflectedinthebuildingofopeninteriorcourtyards,2.

(allow)sunshinetoentertherooms.Now,walkingalongthebluestonestreetsthere,visitorscanappreciatethedistinctiveHuizhou-stylehousesfeaturingwhitewalls,darktiles(瓦片)andlayeredhorse-headroofs,3.

feelliketheyareimmersedinatraditionalChineseinkpainting.

dating

allowing

and

ⅠⅡⅢⅣThetourismboomhelpstoprotectandbreathelifeintotheancientvillage.A4.

(symbol)paifang,standingattheentrancetoXidi,5.__________

(build)inthe16thcenturyinmemoryofHuWenguang,6.

MingDynastyofficialborninthevillagewhomadegreat7.

(contribute)tolocaleducationandlivelihoods.Itisthelocalpeople’sdesiretoprotectthelocalhistoricalcharacteristicsthatleadstothebuildings8.________________

(preserve)tothisday.Besidesancientdwellingsandpaifang,therestandsomeancestralhalls9.

clans(宗族,家族)willgathertomakesacrificestotheirancestors.Withtheirownuniqueandmarketablevalue,alltheseoldHuizhoubuildingsaregivingfullplay10.

theirdistinctiveculturalcharm.

symbolic

wasbuiltacontributions

beingpreservedwhere

toⅠⅡⅢⅣ答案及解析

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。由于对明清时期乡村建筑的出色保存,西递和附近的宏村被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界遗产,文章对其具有历史特色的乡村建筑进行了介绍。1.dating

考查非谓语动词。句意:2000年,因为对明清时期乡村建筑的出色保存,西递和附近的宏村被联合国教科文组织宣布为世界遗产。date

back意为“追溯到”,和逻辑主语architecture构成主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填dating。2.allowing

考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,徽州房屋重视日光,这体现在开放的室内庭院的建筑上,这可以让阳光进入房间。动词allow意为“允许”,和逻辑主语“open

interior

courtyards”构成主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式。故填allowing。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.and

考查连词。句意:现在,走在那里的青石街道上,游客可以欣赏到独特的徽州风格的房子,白墙、黑瓦、分层的马头屋顶,感觉自己沉浸在一幅传统的中国水墨画中。“can

appreciate”和“feel

like”构成并列关系,故填and。4.symbolic

考查词性转换。句意:16世纪,为纪念明朝官员胡文光,西递村入口处有一座象征性的牌坊,胡文光出生于西递村,为当地的教育和生计做出了巨大贡献。此处作定语应用形容词。故填symbolic。5.was

built

考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。根据“in

the

16th

century”可知,此处应用一般过去时。动词build意为“建立”,和主语构成被动关系。主语paifang为第三人称单数。故填was

built。ⅠⅡⅢⅣ6.a

考查冠词。official意为“官员”,为可数名词,此处“Ming

Dynasty

official”为第一次出现,所以应用不定冠词表示泛指。Ming的开头发音为辅音,故填a。7.contributions

考查名词复数。make

contributions

to意为“对……做出贡献”,故填contributions。8.being

preserved

考查非谓语动词。句意:正是当地人希望保护当地历史特色的愿望,使得这些建筑得以保存至今。lead

to