译林版(2019)选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Careers and skills Grammar and usage 导学案

课题XB4Unit3Grammar课时1一、课标要求在语篇中探究并复习名词性从句的使用核心规则二、学习目标围绕单元话题，结合语篇：（1）通过观察语篇，探究归纳名词性从句使用规则；（2）通过单句和语篇练习体会巩固所学，进一步巩固内化其运用；（3）通过正确运用名词性从句，完成对话任务。评价任务（1）完成活动一中的练习；（2）完成活动二中的练习；（3）完成活动三中的练习；四、学习过程Activity1ExploringtherulesReadthearticleandfillinthetableRunningyourbusinessAdvantagesDisadvantages.3.Readthearticleagainandfillinthetableonpage34.Activity2Workingouttherules在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)、表语（系动词之后）、同位语等，因此，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。释义功能从属连词that没有含义不充当任何成分，只起连接从句的作用。whether/if“是否”asif/though“仿佛，好像”because“因为”连接代词who(m)“谁”在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语whose“谁的”which“哪一个/哪一类”what“...的东西/事情”whatever“任何...的东西/事情”who(m)ever“...的任何人”whichever“任何一个/一类”连接副词where“在哪儿”“...的地方”在从句中作状语when“什么时间；“...的时间”why“为什么”“...的原因”how“以什么样的方式”“...的方式”一、主语从句主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：①Itis+n.+that从句(afact;anhonour;asurprise;apity...)②Itis+adj.+that从句(likely;possible;natural;strange;evident;obvious...)③Itis+过去分词+that从句(said;believed;reported;predicted;estimated...)=4\*GB3④It+动词（短语）+that从句(turnout;occurto;hit;seem;happen...)注意：在Itisimportant/necessary/vitalthat...和Itissuggested/required/demanded/proposedthat...的句型中，主语从句谓语常用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”的形式。典题赏析：Itisnotaproblem______wecanwinthebattle;it'sjustamatteroftime.(2020江苏)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.__________youcandohelps.(2022北京卷)二、宾语从句1.在由that引导的宾语从句中，that通常可以省略，但以下情况通常不能省略。（1）and连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句，除第一个从句中的that以外，后面从句中的that不能省略。Hesaid(that)hecouldn'ttellyourightawayandthatyouwouldn'tunderstand.介词in,except,but,besides等后跟that引导的宾语从句时，不可省略that。Thetwinslookveryalikeexceptthattheelderbrotherisalittletaller.这对双胞胎看起来很像，只是哥哥稍微高一点。Hedifferedfromhisclassmatesinthathedevotedhissparetimetoreading.他与其他同学的不同之处在于他把业余时间都用在了读书上。（3）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时，不可省略that。Wedecided,consideringhisage,thatwewouldnotlethimdothejob.考虑到他的年龄，我们决定不让他做这份工作。2.动词think,make,feel,consider等后用it作形式宾语来代替that引导的宾语从句。结构：v.+it+形容词(necessary,important,natural,useful,worthwhile)/名词+that...Ithinkitimportantthatyoushouldattendthemeeting.hate,love,dislike,appreciate,dependon,seeto(保证)后常用it做形式宾语。结构：v+it+that引导的宾语从句YoumaydependonitthatIwillhelpyou.你要相信我会帮助你的。Willyouseetoitthatthislettergetmailedtoday?你能保证这封信今天寄出吗？3.只用whether而不能用if的情况。discuss,decide等动词后作宾语时。介词后面接的宾语从句。宾语从句前置时。引导主语、表语和同位语从句时。与ornot连用时。后接不定式时。4.宾语从句中的虚拟语气。在表示建议(suggest,advise,recommend,propose)、要求(demand,insist,require)和命令(order,command)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语部分常用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”。Theboardproposedthathe(should)beappointedasthenewmanager.董事会提议任命他为新经理。典题赏析：Soifyouareunsureandstillwondering______thechocolatedietreallydoesworkornot,thenitpaystomakeanappointmentwithyourdoctor.（2020·襄阳联考）Thecommitteeinsistedthatthevolunteers____(do)anexcellentjobincommunityserviceand___theprize_________(award)tothesewarm-heartedmenandwomen.三、表语从句1.表示“因为/所以”的表语从句用法。Hewasill.That’s_____hewassenttothehospital.(“这就是为什么...”)Hewassenttothehospital.That’s_____hewasill.(“那是因为...”)Thereason_____hewaslatewas_____hisbikebrokedown.(“...的原因是...”)2.若主句的主语是advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”。Hisrequirementisthatthemachine(should)runnormally.3.where可表示抽象意义，表示“……的地方”。Youaresayingeveryoneshouldbeequal,whichiswhereIdisagree.你说每个人都应该平等，这就是我不同意你的地方。4.asif/asthough引导的表语从句。如果表述真实情况，用真实语气；如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气，从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用did/were；从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用haddone；从句表示将来的可能性不大，用would/might/could+动词原形。Helooksasifheweredrunk.Hebehavedasifhehadknownthesecretforyears,evenifithadjustbeenrevealed.Itlooksasifitmightrain.典题赏析：Thereasonis______manyoftoday’syoungpeoplebelieveit’swrongtokillanimalsforfood.(2020湖北八校二模)Heactsasifhe_______(know)everything,butinrealityheknowsverylittle.四、同位语从句1.同位语从句用于对前面名词的内容做进一步的解释和说明。后接同位语从句的名词有news,idea,fact,promise,hope,question,message,belief,possibility,chance,wish,thought,conclusion,evidence,doubt,suggestion,story,saying等。2.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词后面；有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。ThelegendhasitthatwheneverJiBumadeapromise,hewouldsparenoefforttofulfillit.3.同位语从句与定语从句的主要区别that引导同位语从句在句中不作成分，通常不能省略，只起连接作用。that引导定语从句时为关系代词，它除了起连接作用外，在从句中还要充当某一成分(如主语、宾语等)，作宾语时可以省略。Thenewscamearoundtwointheafternoonthatwewouldputoffthemeeting.在下午两点的时候(我们)接到了会议将被推迟的消息。（________从句）Thenewsthatyoutolduslastnightmadeusveryhappy.昨晚你告诉我们的那个消息让我们很高兴。（________从句）典题赏析：Themanagerputforwardasuggestion______weshouldhaveanassistant.(2016·天津卷)Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon______themeetingwouldbepostponed.(2022·江苏卷)Activity3ApplyingtherulesⅠ.Useproperlinkingwordstofillintheblanks.1.TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis____theyneedanEnglishtrainer.（2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷）2.Thecoreofyourrelationshipis_____youwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.（2022全国新高考I）3.Hesavedmyson’slife，"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow____tothankhim.”（2022新高考II卷）4.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidence______theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019全国Ⅰ卷)5.Manyscientistssubscribetotheview_____itishumanactivitythathascausedglobalwa