高考英语阅读理解专题练习-主旨大意题

主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，作者在文章中努力通过各种细微环节信息来阐明中心话题。因此，把握主旨大意对于正确理解全文具有重要意义。要找出主旨大意，应采纳快速阅读法阅读全文，阅读时要留意抓住表达中心思想的句子。文章不同，中心句在文章中的位置也就不同，但一般状况下阅读时应特殊留意文章的开头、结尾及各个段落的首句和尾句，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。常见的命题方式：Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?Whatdosethispassagemainlyconcern?Themainthemeofthispassageis_____________Themainpointofthepassageis___________Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?Thetitlethatbestexpressesthethemeofthepassageis______Thepurposeofthewriterwritingthispassageis_____Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?文章主题经常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下几种状况：1。题句位于句首。主题句出现在文首，开宗明义，提出主题，随之用细微环节来说明、支撑主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎写作法。2。主题句位于段末。主题句出现在文章结尾是作者采纳了先摆事实，后作结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。这是英语中最常见的归纳写作法。3.主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方法也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简洁的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。4。主题句位于段落的中间。主题句出现在文章的中间，通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由随之陈述的细微环节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的说明、说明或发展。5。主题句隐含在段意之中。全文没有明确的主题句。其中心思想包含在各个句子中，在这种状况下，读者要把全部已知的细微环节综合起来，进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出主题句。【典例1】Theglobalenergycrisisisapproaching.Whatcanwedo?Herearesomestepsyoucantake。Coolingputsthegreateststressonyoursummerenergybillandthepowergrid(电网).Justasatune-upforyourcarcanimproveyourgasmileage,ayearlytune-upofyourheatingandcoolingsystemcanimproveefficiencyandcomfort.Cleanorreplacesfiltersmonthlyorasneeded。……Drivethecarthatgetsbettergasmileagewheneverpossibleifyouownmorethanonevehicle.Ifyoudrive12,500milesayear,switching10percentofyourtripsfromacarthatgets20milespergallontoonethatgets30mpgwillsaveyoumorethan￡65peryear。Carpool.TheaverageU.S.commuter(乘车上班族)couldsaveabout￡260ayearbysharingcarstwiceaweekwithtwopeopleinacarthatgets20.1mpg—assumingthethreepassengerssharethecostofgas.

Thispassageismainlyabout________。A.energy-savingtips

B.fuel-savingtips

C.do-it-yourselftips

D.environment-protectingtips【解析】本文主要介绍了如何节约能源。本文是一篇科普文章，主题很明显，文章一起先就点明白主题，接下来整篇文章都是围绕如何saveenergy绽开，而savefuel仅仅只是其中的一部分。故选A。针对主旨大意类题目，应采纳快速阅读法(Skimming)阅读全文。在阅读时，应特殊留意文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句，因为他们往往名包含文章的中心议题。【典例2】Domestic(驯养的)horsesnowpullploughs,raceintheKentuckyDerby,andcarrypolice.Butearlyhorsesweren’ttame(驯服的)enoughtoperformthesekindsoftasks.Scientiststhinkthefirstinteractionshumanshadwithhorseswerefardifferentfromthosetoday。Thousandsofyearsago,peoplekilledthewildhorsesthatlivedaroundthemforfood.Overtime,peoplebegantocatchtheanimalsandraisethem.Thiswasthefirststepindomestication。……Thedomesticationofhorseshashadgreateffectsonsocieties.Forexample,horsewereimportanttoolsintheadvancementofmodernagriculture.Usingthemtopullploughsandcarryheavyloadsallowedpeopletofarmmoreefficiently.Beforetheywereabletoridehorses,humanshadtocrosslandonfoot.Ridinghorsesallowedpeopletotravelfargreaterdistanceinmuchlesstime.Thatencouragedpopulationslivingindifferentareastointeractwithoneanother.Thenewfromofrapidtransportationhelpedculturesspreadaroundtheworld.

Thepassageismainlyabout_______。A.whyhumansdomesticatedhorsesB.howhumansandhorsesneededeachotherC.whyhorsescameindifferentshapesandsizesD.howhumansocietiesandhorsesinfluencedeachother【解析】本文以时间为依次，记叙了人类对马的驯化以及马对人类的生活所产生的重要影响。本题考查主旨大意。前四段说明，人类驯养了野马，使得马的种类繁多，这是人类社会对马的影响；最终一段说明，马作为交通工具加速了人类文化传播的进程。故文章的主题应是D所说的内容。此主题句出现在文章的最终一段。假如文章没有明确的主题句，文章的中心思想往往包含在各个段落中，考生可实行提纲挈领的方法，通过分析细微环节把文章的要点归纳出来，概括出全文的中心思想。选择标题属主旨大意题，是阅读理解题常考的题型之一。那么怎么样选择文章的标题？选择文章标题属深层次理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，细致分析主子公的特定心态、文章大意及作者写作意图，在此基础上，所选出的标题还应做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。1。概括性原则

要求标题应在最大限度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨。标题事实上是文章主题的一种确认方式。前面我们提到，通过找寻主题句，往往很简洁确定短文的标题。但大多数文章的主题句并不明显，须要我们通过体会字里行间蕴含的意思从整体上把握文章的主旨，从全局的角度概括归纳出文章的标题。要防止舍本逐末，主次不分，以点代面，以偏概全。2。针对性原则

针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。概括性原则要求文章标题包括文章的主要内容。但假如标题过大，就违反了针对性原则、针对性原则要求标题不能太过于概括，而是要干脆指向文章的主旨。即标题不能太大也不能太小。要量体裁衣，大小适度。3。醒目性原则

标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂。标题的好坏往往会影响文章的可读性。读者往往从标题上确定文章的阅读取舍。故标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，目的是为了吸引读者的留意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的爱好。所以在标题选择的过程中，在满意概括性和针对性的条件下，还要考虑标题的醒目性。A.主题句呈现的形式1）文首开宗明义,提出主题,随之用细微环节来说明,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式.例1.Thepandaisapopularanimal.StoriesaboutthepandaintheWashingtonZooarealwaysfrontpagenewsandimportantfeaturesontelevisionnewscasts.Stuffedpandasareamongthemostpopulartoysforchildren,andpandapostcardsarealwaysindemandinzoogiftshops.例2.Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.2).文尾，在表述细微环节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式例3.Ahumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawildanimal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs.Man’sgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvariedgrace;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Thereforemanhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.3).文中，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细微环节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的说明,支撑或发展.例4.Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.4).首尾呼应，为突出主题,作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾呼应的写作方式较为多见.但前后表述主题的句子不是简洁的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。例5.（首段）ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes,“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakesbitesthatledmetothecareer.“shesaid…&O1472;（尾段）“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.5).无主题句，即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必需依据文篇中所供应的事实细微环节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必需留意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。例6.JoshuaBinghamstudied4yearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?＿＿＿＿A.HowJoshuaBinghambecamealawyer.

B.Binghamisadiligentstudent.C.JoshuaBinghamreceivedanexcellenteducation.D.Agoodlawyerneedsgoodeducation.[分析]此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细微环节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将全部的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstatedmainidea)。由于文中主要涉及了JoshuaBingham接受教化的状况，即作者想告知我们的是：JoshuaBingham接受过良好的教化，所以答案是Ｃ除了以上主题句呈现的常见形式外还要留意标记词

文章或段落的主题句经常会出现在一些标记性的提示后。如：onthewhole,asaresult,inshort,therefore,thus…..Iagreewiththeopinionthat….;Givenallthesepointsabove,Iwouldsupporttheideathat….;Forallthereasonsmentionedabove,Iwouldprefer….ReadingcomprehensionMainidea1.Theeasywayoutisn’talwayseasiest.IlearnedthatlessonwhenIdecidedtotreatDoug,myhusbandofonemonth,toaspecialmeal.Iglancedthroughmycookbookandchoseamenuwhichincludedhomemadebread.Knowingthebreadwouldtaketine,IstartedonitassoonasDougleftforwork.AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubledeverything.AsDouglovedoranges,Ialsoopenedacanoforangeandpoureditallintothebowl.Soontherewasastickydough(面团)coveredwithuglyyellowishmarks.RealizingIhadbeendefeated,IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn’thavetofaceDouglaughingatmywork.Iwentonpreparingtherestifthemeal,and,whenDouggothome,wesatdowntoCornishchickenwithrice.Hetriedtoenjoythemealbutseemeddisturbed.Twicehegotupandwentoutside,sayinghethoughtheheardanoise.Thethirdtimeheleft,Iwenttothewindowtoseewhathewasdoing.Lookingout,IsawDougstandingaboutthreefeetfromtherubbishbin,holdingthelidupwithastickandlookingintothecontainer.WhenIcameoutofthehouse,hedroppedthestickandexplainedthattherewassomethingaliveinourrubbishbin.Pickingupthestickagain,heheldthelidupenoughformetosee.Ifeltcold.ButIsteppedcloseandlookedharder.Withoutdoubtitwasmywork.Thehotsunhadcausedthesoughtodoughtodoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeast(酵母)madethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughtitwerebreathing.Itlookedlikesomeunknownbeingfromouterspace.IcouldseewhyDougwasshaken.Ihadtoadmitwhatthe“livingthing”wasandwhyitwasthere.Idon’tknowwhowasmoreembarrassed(尴尬)bythewholething–Dougorme.Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis___________totellaninterestingexperience.Toshowtheeasiestwayoutofadifficulty.TodescribethetroublefacinganewlymarriedwomanToexplainthedifficultyoflearningtocookfrombooks2Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepokeritoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocess()issimilar.Naturally,thiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeoplewhoare,byanystandards,goodthinkers.ThegreatmathematicianJohnvonNeumannwasoneofthefoundersofgametheory.Inparticular,heshowedthatallgamesof“perfectinformation”,gameslikechesswheretheplayerscan’thideanythingorplaytricks;theydon’twinbychance,butbymeansoflogicandskills.Thentherearegamesof“imperfectinformation”,likepoker,inwhichitisimpossibletoknowinadvancethatonecourseofactionisbetterthananother.Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitthereverse.Business,politics,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownandunknowablefactors()whichwouldevenpuzzle()bestpokerplayers.Butfewbusinesspeoplefinditcomfortabletoadmitthattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelievethattheyareplayingchess,notpoker.Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____a.theprocessofreachingdecisionb.thedifferencebetweenpokerandchessc.thesecretofmakinggoodbusinessplansd.thevalueofinformationinwinninggames3Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes,butitusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.Thiskindoflonelinessisnotserious,Infact,itisquitenormal.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.Nowresearcherssaytherearethreedifferenttypesofloneliness.Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary(短暂的).Thisisthemostcommontype.Itusuallydisappearsquicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation—forexampleafamilyproblem,thedeathofalovesone,ormovingtoanewplace.Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,suchasheadachesandsleeplessness,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.Thethirdkindoflonelinessisthemostsevere.Unlikethesecondtype,chronic(长期的)lonelinessusuallylastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.Peoplewhoexperiencehabituallonelinesshaveproblemssocializingandbecomingclosetoothers.Unfortunately,manychronicallylonelypeoplethinkthereislittleornothingtheycandotoimprovetheircondition.Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson’ssocialcontacts,e.g.friends,familymembers,co-workers,etc.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupport,ourparentssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthat,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.Psychologistsaretryingtofindwaystohelphabituallylonelypeoplefortworeasons:theyareunhappyandunabletosocializeandthereisaconnectionbetweenchroniclonelinessandseriousillnesssuchasheartdisease.Whiletemporaryandsituationallonelinesscanbeanormal,healthypartoflife,chroniclonelinesscanbeaverysad,andsometimesdangerouscondition.Thetopicofthe4thparagraphisthat_________.oneproblemoflonelinessisaperson’ssocialcontactswedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasonslonelypeopledon’thavemanysocialproblemslonelypeopledon’thavemanyfriendsWhatisthebesttitleforthepassage?ThreeKindsofLoneliness.b.:LonelinessandDiseasesc.LonelinessandSocialContactsd.ChronicLoneliness.4．Excusedfromrecyclingbecauseyouliveinahighrisewitharubbishchute(垃圾道)?Youwon’tbeforlong.Miami’sMarkShantzishasmadeitsimpleforthoselivingintallbuildingstousethechuteandcycle,too.InShantzis’Hi-RiseRecyclingsystem,achuteleadstoapip-shapedcontainerwithsixboxesthatcanturnaroundwhenoperated.Thesystem,whichfitsinthesamespaceasthechuteandcontainernowinuse,enables,glass,plastics,paper,metal,andotherrubbishtogointoseparateboxes.Thesystemiscontrolledfromaboardfoxednexttothechutedoor.Theboardhasabuttonforeachclassofrecyclingmaterials().Atthepressofabutton,amicrocomputerlocksallotherfloors’chutedoorsandsetstherecyclingcontainerturninguntiltherightboxcomesunderthechute.Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaparticularpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.Sorting(分类)recyclablesbeforetheyarecollectedsavestheuseofexpensivematerialsrecoveryequipmentwhichotherwisehastodothesorting.Suchequipmentoftenmakesrecycledmaterialsveryexpensive,soexpensivethattonesofrecyclablesremainwasted.Shantzisbelieveshissystemcouldhelprecycledmaterialsbecomemorecost-effective.Thepurposeinwritingthistextis_________.Atoencouragepeopletorecycletheirrubbish.B.tointroducearecyclingsystemforhighrisesCtodescribetheuseofcomputertechnologyinrecyclingDtoexplaintheneedforrubbishcollectioninhighrise5Manycitiesaroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandforenvironment()friendlyproductshavecontributedtothepollutionproblem.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglass,paper,plastics,andthesearedifficulttogetridof.However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing“green”anddemandingthattheproductstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,theyaskquestionslikethese,“Willthisshampoodamagetheenvironment?”“Canthismetalcontainerbereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?”Arecentstudyshowedthattwooutoffiveadultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyofaproductbeforetheybuyit,thismeansthatcompaniesmustnowchangedthewaytheymakeandselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyare“green”,thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsupermarkets,butnowtherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels(标签)toshowthattheproductisgreen.Somecompanieshavemadethemanufacturing(生产)ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointandemphasizeitintheiradvertising.Theconcernforasaferandcleanerenvironmentismakingcompaniesrethinkhowtheydobusiness.Nolongerwillthepubicaccepttheoldattitudeof“buyit,useit,throwitaway,andforgetit.”Thepublicpressureison,andgraduallybusinessiscleaningupitsact.NMET2001CWhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?a.BusinessandPeopleb.BusinessGoesGreenc.ShoppingHabitsAreChangingd.SupermarketsandGreenProducts6IfyouaskpeopletonametheonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare,”“SamuelJohnson,”and“Webster”,butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglishWilliamtheConqueror.Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.Inthewest-centralregionlivedtheWelsh,whospokeaCelticlanguage,andinthenorthlivedtheScots,whoselanguage,thoughnotthesameasWelsh,wasalsoCeltic.IntherestofthecountrylivedtheSaxons,actuallyamixtureofAnglos,Saxons,andotherGermanicandNordicpeoples,whospokewhatwenowcallAnglo-Saxon(orOldEnglish),aGermaniclanguage.Ifthisstateofaffairshadlasted,EnglishtodaywouldbeclosetoGerman.Butthisstateofaffairsdidnotlast.In1066theNormansledbyWilliamdefeatedtheSaxonsandbegantheirruleoverEngland.Foraboutacentury,FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageofEnglandwhileOldEnglishbecamethelanguageofpeasants.Asaresult,EnglishwordsofpoliticsandthelawcomefromFrenchratherthanGerman.Insomecases,,modernEnglishevenshowsadistinction()betweenupper-classFrenchandlower-classAnglo-Saxoninitswords.Weevenhavedifferentwordsforsomefoods,meatinparticular,dependingonwhetheritisstilloutinthefieldoratreadytobecooked,whichshowsthefactthattheSaxonpeasantsweredoingthefarming,whiletheupper-classNormansweredoingmostoftheeating.WhenAmericansvisitEuropeforthefirsttime,theyusuallyfindGermanymore“foreign”thanFrancebecausetheGermantheyseeonsignsandadvertisementsseemsmuchmoredifferentfromEnglishlanguageisactuallyGermanicinitsbeginningandthattheFrenchinfluencesarealltheresultofoneman’sambition.NMET2001DWhatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?a.ThehistoryofGreatBritain.b.ThesimilaritybetweenEnglishandFrench.c.TheruleofEnglandbyWilliamtheconquerord.TheFrenchinfluencesontheEnglishlanguage.7Britain’soldestmanmadehisfirstvisittoLondonyesterdayattheageof110.Mr.JohnEvanshadneverfoundthetimeorthemoneytomakethetripfromhishomenearSwansea.But,whenBritishRailofferedhimanall-expenses-paidbirthdaytriptothecapital,hejustcouldnotrefuse.Untilyesterdayhehadneverbeenfarfromhome,exceptforonetriptoAberdeen.Mr.Evens,whospent60yearsworkingasaminerinSouthWales,almostmadethejourneytoLondononcebefore,attheturnofthecentury.“TherewasatriptotheWhitecitybutitwastenshillings(1shilling=1/20pound)returnfromSwansea-toomuchIthought.Allmymoneywenttothefamilythen,”hesaid.DuringthenesttwodaysMr.Evenswillbetakenonawhistle-stoptourofLondontoseethesights.TopofhislistisavisittotheHousesofParliament()Theonlyarrangementhedoesnotcareforisthewheelchairprovidedtomovehimaboutifhegetstired.“Idon’tlikethechairbusiness-peoplewillsothinkIamgettingold,”hesaid.Hisecretforalongandhealthylifehasbeenwellpublicized—noalcohol,nocigaretteandnoanger.BeforesettingofffromSwanseawithhis76-year-oldson,Amwel,hequipped,“I’mgladtoseethey’vegivenmeareturnticket.”2003shanfhaiCWhatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?a.100-year-oldTouristb.SecretforLongandhealthylifec.FreeReturnTicketd.SightseeinginLondon8BEING–setofbytheApril1Sino-usplanecollision(相撞)andUSofficialagreementofthebiggestarmssaletoTaiwanindecade(tenyears)aswellasremarksbyUSpresidentBushonDefendingTaiwan,therehavebeenincreasinghackerattacksonwebsitesofthetwocountriesinthepastweeks.AnAmericangroupofhackers（黑客)whichcallsitselfPoisonBoxhadbegunruiningChinesewebsitesaftertheApril1spyplaneincident,topChineseportalsinasaid.TheChinesesoonattackedback.OnApril2,ChinesehackersinvadedtwoGovernmentwebsitesovertheweekend,forcingtheDepartmentoflaborandtheDepartmentoftheHealthandHumanServicestoshutdowntheirsitesforashorttime.TheUSDepartmentoflaborwentofflineforafewhoursafterapageinitswebsitewaschangedtodisplayapictureofWangWei,theChinesepilotwhodiedinthecollision.Thepagewastitled“Chinaback!”andread,inEnglish,“thewholecountryissosorryforlosingthebestsonofChinaWangWeiforever.Wewillmisstheendoftheday.”OnMay1,hackersexchangedbadremarks(脏话)inwhichtheofficialWhiteHousewebsitewasdefaced(毁容)byahugeamountofe-mailgarbage.OnMay5,theWhiteHousewebsitefellvictim(受害者)toadenial(拒绝)ofservicedattackthatblockedaccess(通道)tothesiteformorethantwohours.TheComputerNetworkandInformationSecurityManagementOfficetoldweboperatorsanaverageof100sitesadayhadseen“somemoreformofattack.”Thebesttitleofthepassageis_____.a.Sino-USplanecollision.b.Sino-USHackersFightingCyber()warc.Cyberwarcontinuingd.Wangwei,ourbestson9Thereweretwointerestingnewsitems()inthepaperafewyearsago.Onewasaboutamanwhoreceivedabillfromthetelephonecompanyfor£999,999—forthreemonth!Theotherwasaboutamanwhoreceived£2,000amonthfordoingnothing.Theconnectionbetweenthetwonewsitemsissimple:computer–thebestinventionofthe20thcentury.Thetelephonebillcamefromacomputerwhichmadeaterrifyingmistake,thatwasonly£23.36.Theotheritemwasnotsoamusing.Amanwalkedintotheunguarded()computerroomofalargepackagedfoodcompany(袋装食品生产公司)andexpectlyprogrammedthecomputer(给计算机编程序)topayhim£2,000amonthforrawmeatwhichhe“supplied”tothecompany.Ofcourseheneversentthemeat,buthecertainlyreceivedthemoney.Thecomputerwroteoutabill,andeven“signed”it.Itwasonlyarandom(随意的)checkthatuncoveredthetrick.Itcouldbehappeninginthousandsofothercompaniedallovertheworld.Computersarenotthemagicalworkersthatsomepeoplesaytheyare.Theymakemistakes,they’resometimesslowerthanhumanbeingsandthey’reeasilyfooled.TheUSusedtoconscript(征兵)peoplewiththehelpofacomputer.Thearmysentoutacard,whichhadtobefilledinandsentback.Itwaseasytoavoidbeingcalledupsimplybyspreadingcandle-waxononthecard.Thecomputercouldn’treadthecardanddidnothingwithit.It’sinoureverydaylifethatcomputerscausemanyproblems.Let’sgetbacktousingpeopleinsteadofcomputers,beforeamistakethatwecan’tputright.Thewriter’smainideais__________.Awe’dbetterusepeopleinsteadofcomputersinoureverydaylife.B.Weshouldnotusecomputersbecausetheyalwaysmakemistakescomputersarewidelyusedinoureverydaylifeifwewanttoworkwell,don’tusethecomputers.10Duringtheearlyyearsofthiscentury,wheatwasseenastheverylifebloodofWesternCanada.Whenthecropsweregood,theeconomyoncitystreetswatchedtheyieldsandthepriceofwheatwithalmostasmuchfellingasiftheyweregrowers.Themarketingofwheatbecameanincreasinglyfavoritetopicofconversation.Warsetthestageforthemostdramaticeventsinmarketingthewesterncrop.Foryears,farmersmistrustedspeculativegrainsellingascarriedonthroughtheWinnipegGrainExchange.Wheatpricesweregenerallylowintheautumn,butfarmerscouldnotwaitformarketstoimprove.Ithadhappenedtoooftenthattheysoldtheirwheatsoonafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,onlytoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producergroupsaskedforfarmercontrols,butgovernmentshadnowishtobecomeinvolved,atleastnotuntilwartimewheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.Anxioustocheckinflationandrisinglivingcosts,thefederalgovernmentappointedaboardofgrainsupervisorstohandledeliveriesfromthecropsof1917and1918.GrainExchangetradingwassuspended,andfarmerssoldatpricesfixedbytheboard.Tohandlethecropof1919,thegovernmentappointedthefirstCanadianWheatBoard,withfullauthoritytobuy,sellandsetprices.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?ToexplainhowwheatismarketedtodayTojustifysuspensionoftradingontheGrainExchange.TodescribetheoriginsoftheCanadianWheatBoard.ToargueforfurtherreformsontheCanadianWheatBoard11.April27isTakeOurDaughterstoWorkDayinBritain.StartedatfirstintheUnitedStatesandbroughttoBritainin1994,TakeOurDaughtertoWorkDayhasbecomeaspecialdayforgirlsbetween11and15.Onthatdaythousandsofgirlstakeadayoffschoolandgotogetherwithoneoftheirparentstotheirworkplaces.Thepurposeofthisdayistobroadengirls’horizons(视野)andraisetheirself-confidence.Formanyyearspeoplehavethoughtthatboycandobetterthangirlsinsociety.Butactually,“Girlscanbewhatevertheywanttobejustlikeboys,whetheritisapilot,anurseorachiefexecutive(主管),”saysthechairmanoftheOurSonsandDaughtersCharitableTrust,anorganizationwhichsupportedtheactivityoftheDay.“Nowthegirlshaveacloselookatwhattheirparentsaredoingandthismayhelpthemtobemoreself-confidentwhentheyarefacedwithachoiceofwork.”Schoolsandmanycompaniedsupporttheactivity,too.PalmersGreenHighSchoolforgirls,innorthLondon,hasmadethedayanecessaryofcareerseducation.ZarinaBart,15,fromPalmersGreen,wentwithhermotherGwentoherlawyer’sofficeonthisyear’sTakeOurDaughterstoWorkDay.“IlearnedhowtofillinalegalaidformandIreaddetailsofacase.ThenIwenttoseetheactualtrail,”shesaid.Zarinafounditinterestingtos