安徽省合肥市六校联盟2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题

合肥市普通高中六校联盟2024届高三第一学期期末联考英语试卷(考试时间：120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wheredidthemangoyesterday?A.Toamuseum.B.Toalibrary.C.Toatenniscourt.2.Whoisthewomantalkingto?A.Herson.B.Aneighbor.C.Adeliveryman.3.WhyisGeorgelate?A.Hemissedthebus.B.Hisbikebrokedown.C.Hehadtochangeclothes.4.Howdidthemanfeelafterwatchingthevideo?A.Moved.B.Excited.C.Surprised.5.What’sthematterwithLaura?A.Shebroketheprintingmachine.B.Shepressedthewrongbutton.C.Sheisunderworkpressure.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Receptionistandcustomer.B.Coachandplayer.C.Bossandsecretary.7.Whyistheswimmingpoolclosed?A.Itisunderdecoration.B.Itsequipmentneedsupdating.C.Todayisweeklycleaningday.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10题。8.Whatwillthespeakershaveforsupper?A.Friedfood.B.Italianfood.C.Homemadefood.9.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Takeabath.B.Orderfoodonline.C.Gotoarestaurant.10.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Heiscreative.B.Heisthoughtful.C.Heisgenerous.听下面一段对话，回答第11至13题。11.HowdoesthemanlikeAvatar2?A.Impressive.B.Average.C.Disappointing.12.WhichpartofAvatar1attractedthemanmost?A.Theplot.B.Thecharacters.C.Thespecialeffects.13.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.parethetwomovies.B.AppreciateAvatar2again.C.ExplainhisloveforAvatar1.听下面一段对话，回答第14至17题。14.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thecitymarathon.B.Thesupplydistribution.C.Thechangeableweather.15.Whendidthewomanpletehercourse?A.Around8:00.B.Around10:00.C.Around12:00.16.Whatwastheweatherlikeinthemorning?A.Cloudy.B.Windy.C.Sunny.17.Whatwillthemanprobablydonextyear?A.Workasavolunteer.B.Runarace.C.Jointhelawoffice.听下面一段独白，回答第18至20题。18.Whathelpswomenfindmorescientificclues?ATheirresearchmethods.B.Theirworldview.C.Theirsixthsense.19.Whocontributedtothedevelopmentoftheairconditionerincars?A.MargaretWilcox.B.RosalindFranklin.C.KatieHafner.20.Whatdoestheradioprogrammainlyfocuson?A.Publicopinionsonscience.B.Untoldstoriesoffemalescientists.C.Majorscientificbreakthroughs.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheChildren’sMuseumofManhattanExhibitionsBeginningin2024AdventureswithDoraandDiego(Ages:36years)JoinDiegoonaseriesofanimalrescuemissions.LearnfactsaboutanimalsandtheirhabitatsbyhelpingDiegorescueanimalsintrouble.Exploreacave,abeachandtherainforestorrubanimalfootprints,evenbuildaBear’snest!ByhelpingDoraandherfriends,kidswilllearnproblemsolvingskills,andgainagreaterappreciationandawarenessofLatinAmericanculture.InsideArt(Ages:410years)Theexhibitioncontinuesourtraditionofprovidingfamilieswithaccesstobeautiful,plex,andchallengingart,aswellasaccesstoworkingartistsandopportunitiesforartmaking.etocelebrateartasavehicleforbuildinghealthymunitiesandexploreideasofhomeandidentity.PlayWorks(Ages:birthyears)We’vedesignedeveryaspectofPlayWorksTMtohelpfamiliespreparechildrentoenterschool.Bybininghandsongamesandlearning,PlayWorksTMcreatesafunandrewardingexperienceforchildren.Foradults,PlayWorksnTMprovidesanopportunitytoobserveeachchild’suniquelearningstyleandappreciatehowplaycreatesastrongfoundationforlaterlearning.ThisinnovativeenvironmentincludesAlphie—agianttalkingdragonwho“cats”letters!etogetmoreresourcestosupportyourchild’slanguagedevelopment.SuperpoweredMetropolis:EarlyLearningCity(Ages:26years)Theexhibitinviteschildrenandtheirgrownupstofeellikeheroes,buildingtheirlearningbrainskillstogether.Theseskills,knownasexecutivefunctions,includeselfcontrol.workingmemory,andmentalflexibility.Childrenpracticetheselearning“superpowers”withZip,Zap,andZoom,whoguidefamiliesonaseriesofcityadventuresexploringthesubways,parks,music,travel,treehouses,andmore.1.WhatisachildexpectedtolearnafterattendingAdventureswithDoraandDiego?A.Drawamapofcitysubwaysandparks. B.Learnmoreaboutnatureandculture.C.Graduatewithaspecificqualification. D.Getresourcesforlanguagelearning.2.Whichexhibitionissuitableforaboyaged3whoislearningspelling?A.AdventureswithDoraandDiego B.InsideArtC.SuperpoweredMetropolis:EarlyLearningCity D.PlayWorks3.Whatdothefourexhibitionshaveinmon?A.Theyprovidekidswithhandsonexperience. B.Theyareonlyparticipatedbykids.C.Theyimprovekids’academicperformance. D.Theyarefreeofchargeforkids.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了曼哈顿儿童博物馆即将在2024年开始的展览，详细描述了各个展览的主题、适合的儿童年龄以及展览的具体内容。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据AdventureswithDoraandDiego部分中“JoinDiegoonaseriesofanimalrescuemissions.LearnfactsaboutanimalsandtheirhabitatsbyhelpingDiegorescueanimalsintrouble.Exploreacave,abeachandtherainforestorrubanimalfootprints,evenbuildaBear’snest!ByhelpingDoraandherfriends,kidswilllearnproblemsolvingskills,andgainagreaterappreciationandawarenessofLatinAmericanculture.(加入Diego的一系列动物救援任务。通过帮助Diego拯救陷入困境的动物，了解有关动物及其栖息地的事实。探索洞穴，海滩和雨林，或摩擦动物的脚印，甚至建立一个熊窝！通过帮助Dora和她的朋友。孩子们将学习解决问题的技能，并对拉丁美洲文化有更大的欣赏和认识)”可知，在参加《朵拉和迭戈的冒险》之后，孩子们将会了解有关动物及其栖息地的事实，并了解拉丁美洲文化。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据PlayWorks部分中“Ages:birthyears(年龄：出生年龄)”以及“Foradults,PlayWorksnTMprovidesanopportunitytoobserveeachchild’suniquelearningstyleandappreciatehowplaycreatesastrongfoundationforlaterlearning.ThisinnovativeenvironmentincludesAlphie—agianttalkingdragonwho“cats”letters!etogetmoreresourcestosupportyourchild’slanguagedevelopment.(对于成年人来说，PlayWorksnTM提供了一个观察每个孩子独特学习风格的机会，并欣赏游戏如何为以后的学习奠定坚实的基础。这个创新的环境包括阿尔法——一只会说话的巨龙，它会“猫”字母!来获取更多的资源来支持你孩子的语言发展)”可知，PlayWorks适合3岁男孩学习拼写。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据AdventureswithDoraandDiego部分中“Exploreacave,abeachandtherainforestorrubanimalfootprints,evenbuildaBear’snest!(探索洞穴，海滩和雨林，或摩擦动物的脚印，甚至建立一个熊窝!)”、InsideArt部分中“Theexhibitioncontinuesourtraditionofprovidingfamilieswithaccesstobeautiful,plex,andchallengingart,aswellasaccesstoworkingartistsandopportunitiesforartmaking.(这次展览延续了我们的传统，为家庭提供接触美丽、复杂和具有挑战性的艺术的机会，以及接触工作艺术家和艺术创作的机会)”、PlayWorks部分中“Bybininghandsongamesandlearning,PlayWorksTMcreatesafunandrewardingexperienceforchildren.(通过将动手游戏和学习相结合，PlayWorksTM为孩子们创造了一个有趣而有益的体验)”以及SuperpoweredMetropolis:EarlyLearningCity部分中“Childrenpracticetheselearning“superpowers”withZip,Zap,andZoom,whoguidefamiliesonaseriesofcityadventuresexploringthesubways,parks,music,travel,treehouses,andmore.(孩子们和Zip,Zap和Zoom一起练习这些学习“超能力”，他们引导家庭进行一系列的城市冒险，探索地铁，公园，音乐，旅行，树屋等等)”可知，这四个展览都为孩子们提供了实践的机会。故选A。BMysonjustturned14anddoesnothaveasmartphone.WhenhegraduatedfromGrade8,hewastheonlykidinhisclasswithoutone.Heasksforaphonenowthathe’sgoingtohighschool.Isayno,heaskswhy,Iexplain,andhepushesback.“Youcanchoosetodothingsdifferentlywhenyou’reaparent,”Itoldhim.Butsometimes,IwonderifI’mbeingtoostubbornorunfair.ThemoreIresearch,themoreconfidentIfeelinmydecision.Manystudieslinkthecurrentmentalhealthcrisisamongadolescentstofundamentalchangesinhowtheysocialize,namely,theshiftfrominpersontoonlineinteraction.Butothermotherschallengemyview.“Hemustfeelsoleftout!”Thentherearetheparentswhotellmesadlythattheywishtheyhaddelayedtheirteenager’sphoneownershiplongerthantheydid.Theyurgemetoholdout.Ifteenagersbetweentheagesof13and18aretrulyspendinganaverageof8hours39minutesperdayontheirdevices,asstatedinasurveyconductedbymonSenseMedia,thenwhataretheynotdoing?Kidsabsorbedintheirdevicesaremissingoutonreallife,andthatstrikesmeasreallysad.Iwantmysontohaveachildhoodhefeelssatisfiedwithandproudof.Iwantittobefullofadventures,imaginativeplayandphysicalchallengeswhichhemustsortouthimselfwithoutaskingmeforhelp.Theeasiestandsimplestwaytoachievethesegoalsistodelaygivinghimasmartphone.Somethinkmysonismissingoutorfallingbehind,butheisnot.Hedoeswellinschoolandextracurricularactivities,hangsoutwithhisfriendsinperson,andmovesindependentlyaroundoursmalltown.Hepromiseshe’llgivehisown14yearoldaphonesomeday,andItellhimthat’sfine.Butrecently,headmittedthathemissedthebeautifulsceneryonadrivetoanearbymountainbecausehehadbeensoabsorbedinhisfriend’siPad.IfthatishisversionofadmittingI’mright,I’lltakeit.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pushesback”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Agrees. B.Delays. C.Opposes. D.Persuades.5.Whatistheauthorprimarilyconcernedaboutregardinggivinghersonaphone?A.Herson’sonlinesafety.B.Herson’smentalgrowth.C.Herson’sreducedphysicalactivities.D.Herson’spooracademicperformance.6.Whatqualitydoestheauthorwanthersontodevelopinhischildhood?A.Teamspirit. B.Leadership.C.Independence. D.Criticalthinking.7.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor’sson?A.Heisfallingbehindacademically.B.Heiseasilyinfluencedbyhisfriends.C.Hehasgivenuphisdesireforasmartphone.D.Hehasrealizedtheproblemsofmuchscreentime.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者反对儿子使用及其原因。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Heasksforaphonenowthathe’sgoingtohighschool.Isayno,heaskswhy,Iexplain,andhepushesback.(既然他要上高中了，他就要了。我说不行，他问为什么，我解释，然后他pushesback)”以及第二段““Youcanchoosetodothingsdifferentlywhenyou’reaparent,”Itoldhim.Butsometimes,IwonderifI’mbeingtoostubbornorunfair.(“当你为人父母时，你可以选择以不同的方式做事，”我告诉他。但有时，我会怀疑自己是不是太固执了，还是太不公平了)”可知，作者的儿子要时，作者不同意，儿子问为什么之后，作者解释，由第二段作者进一步的解释可推知，作者的儿子仍在进行反对，推测画线短语表示“反对”，与opposes同义。故选C。5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThemoreIresearch,themoreconfidentIfeelinmydecision.Manystudieslinkthecurrentmentalhealthcrisisamongadolescentstofundamentalchangesinhowtheysocialize,namely,theshiftfrominpersontoonlineinteraction.(我研究得越多，对自己的决定就越有信心。许多研究将当前青少年的心理健康危机与他们社交方式的根本变化联系起来，即从面对面互动转向在线互动)”可知，关于给儿子一部智能，作者主要担心的是孩子的心理健康。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Iwantmysontohaveachildhoodhefeelssatisfiedwithandproudof.Iwantittobefullofadventures,imaginativeplayandphysicalchallengeswhichhemustsortouthimselfwithoutaskingmeforhelp.(我希望我的儿子有一个他感到满意和自豪的童年。我希望它充满冒险、富有想象力的游戏和身体挑战，他必须自己解决这些问题，而不需要我的帮助)”可知，作者希望儿子在童年时期发展出的品质是独立性。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Somethinkmysonismissingoutorfallingbehind,butheisnot.Hedoeswellinschoolandextracurricularactivities,hangsoutwithhisfriendsinperson,andmovesindependentlyaroundoursmalltown.Hepromiseshe’llgivehisown14yearoldaphonesomeday,andItellhimthat’sfine.Butrecently,headmittedthathemissedthebeautifulsceneryonadrivetoanearbymountainbecausehehadbeensoabsorbedinhisfriend’siPad.(有些人认为我儿子错过了或落后了，但他并没有。他在学校和课外活动中表现出色，当面和朋友们一起玩，并在我们的小镇上独立活动。他承诺有一天会给自己14岁的孩子一部，我告诉他没关系。但最近，他承认，他错过了开车去附近山上的美景，因为他太沉迷于朋友的iPad了)”可知，作者的儿子发现沉迷于iPad导致错过了路上的美景，他已经意识到屏幕时间过长的弊端。故选D。CThegroundbreakingShaoxingOperaadaptation,NewDragonGateInn,capturestheinterestofanewgenerationandbringstheancientartformforcontemporarylifestylesbacktolife.Unlikethetraditionalframedstage,thetheaterisdesignedasaninn,withtheaudiencebeingguests.Theysitclosetotheperformers,engagingwiththem,andimmersingthemselvesinauniqueandfascinatingviewingexperience.“Thisplacesnewdemandsonourperformers,”saidXuYena,whoactsintheshowastheAcastofJinXiangyu,thelandladyoftheinn.“WeneedtoabandonmanyofthestylizedmovementsfromtraditionalShaoxingOperaandlearnfromdramaandfilmperformances,adoptingamorenatural,authentic,andsubtleactingstyle.”Uponleavingthetheater,theseaudiencemembersfeelasenseofsatisfactionthatpromptsthemtowillinglyshareshortclipsoftheperformanceonline.Thefragmented(零碎的)contentofperformancehasgeneratedmanystreamsandclicks,leadingtohighdemandforshowtickets,especiallyamongyoungaudiences.“Now,theticketpetitionhasbeefierceandonlythosewithfastinternetaccesscangetthem,”saidChenLijun,whoplaystheimportantsupportingroleofJiaTing.AsbothXiaobaihua(aShaoxingOperatroupe(剧团))andJapan’srenownedTakarazukaRevueareallfemaletroupes,someinternetusershavedrawnparallelsbetweenthetwo,likeningChento“China’sAmamiYuki”,aformeracclaimedmaleroleactressintheJapanesetroupe.Inresponse,Chensaid,“Allgoodperformancesareworthlearningfrom.Ourtwotroupessharemanysimilarities,buttherearealsofundamentaldifferences,rootedintheculturalheritageofourrespectivetheatricaltraditions.”AreportbyXinhuaNewsAgencystatesthatGenerationZmakesup74percentofconsumersofguochaogoodsorChinachicgoodslastyear.Asaculturalproduct,NewDragonGateInnhassuccessfullywontheheartsoftheyounggenerationduetothecontemporarynatureoftheshow.“ShaoxingOperaonceborrowedandlearnedfromPekingOperaandKunquOpera.Today,wedrawinspirationfromabroaderrangeofartisticformsandexpressiontechniques,”Xusaid.“NewDragonGateInnhassuccessfullydrawnmanynontraditionaltheatergoers,particularlyyoungpeople.SeekingnoveltyhasalwaysbeenwhatShaoxingOperahasbeendoing.”8.WhobecameanewchallengefortheperformerswhiletheywereactinginShaoxingOpera?A.Theinternetusersmakingparisononline.B.Theothertroupeperformingmorenaturalandauthentic.C.Theaudiencepositionedrightnexttotheperformers.D.Theguestsimmersingthemselvesonthecentralstage.9.HowdidChenrespondtohernickname“China’sAmamiYuki”?A.Byjoyfullyacceptingit. B.Byobjectivelyclarifyingit.C.Bypolitelydenyingit. D.Byrespectfullyusingit.10.AccordingtoXuYena,ShaoxingOperahasmadeapositivestepinregainingitspopularity,mainlydependingon__________.A.Adaptationandadvertisement. B.Speciallydesignedtheater.C.Actresses’popularityonline. D.Integrationandinnovation.11.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?AGenerationZDominatesTheMarketofGuocao.B.NewDragonGateInnReturnstoLiveStage.C.ShaoxingOpera’sModernTwistWowsYouth.D.NontraditionalTheatergoersFloodintoTheater.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越剧改编作品《新龙门客栈》抓住了新一代人的兴趣，并将古老的艺术形式带回了当代生活方式。文章旨在引导学生关注传统文化，推动传统文化创新。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Unlikethetraditionalframedstage,thetheaterisdesignedasaninn,withtheaudiencebeingguests.Theysitclosetotheperformers,engagingwiththem,andimmersingthemselvesinauniqueandfascinatingviewingexperience.(与传统的框架舞台不同，剧院被设计成一家客栈，观众成为客人。他们坐在表演者身边，与他们互动，沉浸在独特而迷人的观看体验中)”和“Thisplacesnewdemandsonourperformers(这对我们的表演者提出了新的要求)”可知，在越剧表演中，观众的位置就在演员旁边，这对演员来说是一个新的挑战。故选C项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Inresponse,Chensaid,“Allgoodperformancesareworthlearningfrom.Ourtwotroupessharemanysimilarities,buttherearealsofundamentaldifferences,rootedintheculturalheritageofourrespectivetheatricaltraditions.”(对此，陈说：“所有好的表演都值得我们学习。我们两个剧团有很多相似之处，但也有根本的区别，这源于我们各自戏剧传统的文化遗产”)”可知，陈对于网友所给予的昵称是在客观地进行解释和说明。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段““ShaoxingOperaonceborrowedandlearnedfromPekingOperaandKunquOpera.Today,wedrawinspirationfromabroaderrangeofartisticformsandexpressiontechniques,”Xusaid.(徐说：“越剧曾向京剧和昆曲学习。今天，我们从更广泛的艺术形式和表现手法中汲取灵感”)”及最后一段“SeekingnoveltyhasalwaysbeenwhatShaoxingOperahasbeendoing.(求新是越剧一直在做的事情)”可知，越剧在重新流行方面迈出了积极的一步，主要靠的是融合和创新。故选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“ThegroundbreakingShaoxingOperaadaptation,NewDragonGateInn,capturestheinterestofanewgenerationandbringstheancientartformforcontemporarylifestylesbacktolife.(开创性的越剧改编作品《新龙门客栈》抓住了新一代人的兴趣，并将古老的艺术形式带回了当代生活方式)”可知，本文主要围绕越剧与现代融合使得它成功赢得了年轻一代的心，故C项“ShaoxingOpera’sModernTwistWowsYouth.”作为标题最为合适。故选C项。DDogsmayhavethetitleofourbestfriendsthroughtheirinteractionswithhumans,butnowresearcherssaythesesocialskillscouldbepresentshortlyafterbirthratherthanbeinglearned.Tobetterunderstandtheroleofbiologyindogs’abilitiestomunicatewithhumans,theresearchersstudied375eightweekoldservicedogs.Theylookedathowthesedogsperformedinaseriesoftasksdesignedtomeasuretheirmunicationskills.Thepuppieswerestilllivingwiththeirlittermates(同窝出生者)andhadnotbeensenttolivewithavolunteerpuppyraiser,makingitunlikelythattheyhadlearnedabouthisorherbehavior.Inthefirsttask,apersonhidatreatbeneathoneoftwooverturnedcupsandpointedtoittoseeifthepuppycouldfollowthegesture.Sincedogsaregoodatusingnosestofindthings,atreatwasalsotapedtotheinsidesofbothcups.Inthesecondtask,puppieswatchedastheresearchersplacedayellowblocknexttothecorrectcup,insteadofpointingtoindicatewherethepuppyshouldlookforthefood.Thethirdtaskwasdesignedtoobservepuppies’tendencytolookathumanfaces.Theresearchersspoketothepuppyinavoicepeoplesometimesusewhentalkingtoababy.Theythenmeasuredhowlongthepuppyfixedastareonthehuman.Inthelasttask,researcherssealedatreatinsideaclosedcontainerandpresentedittothepuppy.Theythenmeasuredhowoftenthepuppylookedtothehumanforhelpinopeningthecontainer.Thestudyfoundthatwhilemanyofthepuppieswereresponsivetohumans’physicalandverbalcues,veryfewlookedtohumansforhelpwiththeunsolvabletask.Researcherssaid,“Thissuggeststhatwhilepuppiesmaybebornknowinghowtorespondtohumaninitiatedmunication,theabilitytoinitiate(发起)municationontheirownmayelater.”Thenextstepwillbetoseeifspecificgenesthatmaycontributetodogs’abilitiestomunicatewithhumanscanbeidentified.12.Whywereeightweekoldservicedogschosenforthestudy?A.Theywerecuteandsafetodealwith.B.Theywerethebestagetolearn.C.Theyhadhadlittlecontactwithhumansbefore.D.Theywereunlikelyinfluencedbytheirmates.13.Whatistheresearchers’purposeintapingfoodtobothcups?A.Toprovidecluesforthepuppies’finaldecisions.B.Tomakeparisonsbetweendifferentconditions.C.Tocheckthepuppies’preferenceforaparticularcolor.D.Topreventthepuppiesfrommakinguseoftheirsmell.14.Whatcanweknowfromthestudy?A.Puppiescanunderstandourbodylanguage.B.Puppiesaregoodataskinghumansforhelp.C.Puppiesareborntoinitiatemunicationwithhumans.DPuppiesneedspecificgenestomunicatewithhumans.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Dogsareborntobeabletolearn. B.Dogsareborntounderstandhumans.C.Dogsaretalentedperformers. D.Dogsarehumans’bestfriends.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于狗天生就能理解人类的研究过程以及研究发现小狗可能一出生就知道如何回应人类发起的交流，但它们自己发起交流的能力可能要晚一些。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Thepuppieswerestilllivingwiththeirlittermates(同窝出生者)andhadnotbeensenttolivewithavolunteerpuppyraiser,makingitunlikelythattheyhadlearnedabouthisorherbehavior.(这些小狗仍然和它们同窝出生的小狗生活在一起，没有被送到志愿者养狗人那里，所以它们不太可能了解他或她的行为)”可知，选择8个星期大的小狗是因为它们还未与人类有过接触及互动，符合实验的设计要求。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Sincedogsaregoodatusingnosestofindthingsatreatwasalsotapedtotheinsidesofbothcups.(因为狗狗擅长用鼻子找东西，所以两个杯子的里面都粘上了零食)”可推知，这样做是为了避免小狗使用自己的嗅觉做出判断。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Thestudyfoundthatwhilemanyofthepuppieswereresponsivetohumans’physicalandverbalcues,veryfewlookedtohumansforhelpwiththeunsolvabletask.(研究发现，虽然许多小狗对人类的身体和语言暗示有反应，但很少有小狗在无法解决的任务上寻求人类的帮助)”可知，小狗对人类的肢体和语言暗示有反应，即能理解人类的一些肢体语言。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Dogsmayhaveearnedthetitleofourbestfriendsthroughtheirinteractionswithhumans,butnowresearcherssaythesesocialskillscould,bepresentshortlyafterbirthratherthanbeinglearned.(通过与人类的互动，狗狗可能赢得了我们最好的朋友的称号，但现在研究人员表示，这些社交技能可能在出生后不久就会出现，而不是后天习得的)”可知，文章主要介绍了关于狗天生就能理解人类的研究过程以及研究发现小狗可能一出生就知道如何回应人类发起的交流，但它们自己发起交流的能力可能要晚一些。由此可知，B选项“狗生来就能理解人类”能够概括文章大意。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。HowDoKidsDevelopEmotionalLiteracy（情感素养）?Theskillsofidentifyingemotionsandrespondingtootherpeople’semotionsbinetocreateaskillknownasemotionalliteracy,whichisabigpartofakid’ssocialdevelopment.Itwillbeniceifthisabilityesnaturally,butitisn’t.____16____Herearesomewaystoincreasetheiremotionalliteracy.____17____Parentscangrabareallybigpieceofpaperandsitdownwiththeirkidstobrainstormallthefeelingstheycanthinkof.Thelistmayincludeemotionskidsdon’trecognize,butthatisOK.Aparentshouldmakehis/herfacethatgoeswiththefeelingandexplainasituationwhereitmayeup.Readtopicalbooks.Therearemanygreatbooksthatspecificallyexploreemotions.Whenparentsarereadingtotheirkids,askthemtofigureoutwhatthemaincharacterisfeelingincertainsituations.____18____Playemotionalwordguessinggame.Thisisafungametoplaywithkids.Oneparentpicksanemotiontoconveytotheother,usingeitherthewholebodyorjustaface.____19____Inthisway,theymaybeabletoseetheirownfeelingontheirfacesespeciallywhentheyarehavingtroubleinmakingsenseofthefaces.Roleplaysocialscenesandreview.eupwithcontextskidsmaymeet.____20____Alongsideroleplayesreviewing.Gooversituationsthatdidn’tendwell,examinetheemotionsofthepeopleinvolvedandtalkwithkidsaboutwhatcouldhavebeendonedifferently.A.Makeabiglistoffeelings.B.Explainreasonsforkids’bademotionsintime.C.Itishelpfultousethepicturesandplotsofthebooks.D.Havethemactouthowtheywillreactifitispossible.E.Speakingoutyourfeelingstokidsmattersinsomesituations.F.Askthemtomakethesamefaceasyoudoandlookinthemirror.G.Kidsdevelopemotionalliteracybysocialexperienceandinstruction.【答案】16.G17.A18.C19.F20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法以帮助家长培养孩子的情感素养。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Theskillsofidentifyingemotionsandrespondingtootherpeople’semotionsbinetocreateaskillknownasemotionalliteracy,whichisabigpartofakid’ssocialdevelopment.Itwillbeniceifthisabilityesnaturally,butitisn’t.(识别情绪和回应他人情绪的技能结合在一起，形成了一种被称为情感素养的技能，这是孩子社交发展的重要组成部分。如果这种能力是天生的，那就好了，但事实并非如此。)”可知，情感素养并不是天生的。选项G“Kidsdevelopemotionalliteracybysocialexperienceandinstruction.(儿童通过社会经验和教育发展情感素养。)”延续上文内容，指的是情感素养不是天生的，可以通过社会经验和教育习得。故选G。【17题详解】空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Parentscangrabareallybigpieceofpaperandsitdownwiththeirkidstobrainstormallthefeelingstheycanthinkof.Thelistmayincludeemotionskidsdon’trecognize,butthatisOK.Aparentshouldmakehis/herfacethatgoeswiththefeelingandexplainasituationwhereitmayeup.(父母可以拿起一张很大的纸，和他们的孩子一起坐下来集思广益，想出他们能想到的所有感受。这个列表可能包括孩子们不认识的情绪，但没关系。父母应该让他/她的表情与这种感觉相一致，并解释可能出现这种感觉的情况。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是将感受列个清单。选项A“Makeabiglistoffeelings.(把你的感受列一个大清单。)”正是本文主要内容，将所有的感受列一个清单。故选A。【18题详解】根据上文内容“Therearemanygreatbooksthatspecificallyexploreemotions.Whenparentsarereadingtotheirkids,askthemtofigureoutwhatthemaincharacterisfeelingincertainsituations.(有很多很棒的书专门探讨情感。当父母给孩子读书时，让他们弄清楚主人公在某些情况下的感受。)”可知，父母可以和孩子探讨书中主人公的感受。选项C“Itishelpfultousethepicturesandplotsofthebooks.(使用书中的图片和情节是有帮助的。)”是上文内容的自然延续，指的是当父母和孩子探讨书中主人公的感受时，可以使用书中的图片和情节。故选C。【19题详解】根据空后内容“Inthisway,theymaybeabletoseetheirownfeelingontheirfacesespeciallywhentheyarehavingtroubleinmakingsenseofthefaces.(通过这种方式，他们可能能够看到自己脸上的感觉，特别是当他们在理解面孔方面有困难时。)”可推测，空处的这种方式可以让孩子看到自己的表情。选项F“Askthemtomakethesamefaceasyoudoandlookinthemirror.(让他们做和你一样的表情，然后照镜子。)”内容上与空前内容“Oneparentpicksanemotiontoconveytotheother,usingeitherthewholebodyorjustaface.(父母一方选择一种情感传递给另一方，要么用整个身体，要么只用一张脸。)”保持一致，同时照镜子也可以让孩子看到自己的表情。故选F。【20题详解】根据空后内容“Alongsideroleplayesreviewing.(除了角色扮演，还有复习。)”可推断，空处指的应该是角色扮演。选项D“Havethemactouthowtheywillreactifitispossible.(如果可能的话，让他们表演一下他们会如何反应。)”是上文“eupwithcontextskidsmaymeet.(想出孩子们可能会遇到的情境。)”的自然延续，指的是想出孩子可能会遇到的情景，然后让孩子们表演一下如何反应。故选D。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Alittlegirlwasenjoyingthebeautifulgardeninherhome.Herfatherhadagoodcollectionofrareandprizedplants,whichhe___21___withgreatcare.Thegirlwas___22___byaplantfullofdelicateflowers.Sheapproacheditandadmireditsstrikingbeauty.Suddenlyshe___23___thattheplantwasinapileoffilth(污秽).Shecouldnottoleratethe___24___ofdirtwithsuchfantasticflowers.Sheworkedoutaplantocleantheplant.She___25___theplantwithallhermightfromthedirtandwashedits___26___inrunningtapwatertillalltracesofdirtwerewashedaway.Shethenplacedtheplantonacleanstoneandwentaway,proudthatshehaddoneagreat___27___.Laterherfathercametothegardenandspottedtheuprootedplant,whichhadlain___28___inthebakingsun.Hislittledaughterranoverto___29___herachievement.“Ihavecleanedit,Daddy,”shereported____30____.Thefathershowedherhowhertreatmenthadnearlykilledtheplantandtoldherthatthefilthysoilwasthebest____31____togrowthatplant.Hearingthat,thegirlfeltguiltythattheplanthadsufferedbyhercleaning.Agreatgardenermixesthe____32____soilforeachplant.____33____,Godprovideseachofuswiththebest____34____requiredforoptimum(最佳)spiritualgrowth.Butitmayappeartobe____35____andwemayevenplaintoGodaboutourdifficulty.21.A.weededout B.broughtup C.attendedto D.fedon22.A.caught B.attracted C.attacked D.shocked23.A.recalled B.noted C.recognized D.concluded24.A.formation