2024年中考英语阅读理解技巧

中考英语阅读理解必考题型方法+真题训练细节理解题题型概述细节理解题主要考查考生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。考查主要分为两种情况：一是直接细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是隐含细节类，这类题虽然不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，但考生可根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等仔细推敲，得出正确答案。解题方法划关键词定答题区间找选项：a.完全对应b.同义替换真题训练1.TheschoolbusdriverlearnedaboutDawn’ssituationandinvitedDawntomoveinwithherfamily.Soon,DawnhadajobatBurnsHighSchool.Sheworkedfrom6a.m.to7:40a.m.beforethefirstschoolbellrang.Shesweptfloorsandpickeduptrashagainintheafternoons,beforediving(跳水)intoherstudiesintheevenings.WhohelpedDawnwhenshefoundherselfhomeless?（）A.Herteachers.B.Herneighbors.C.ATigerMom.D.Aschoolbusdriver.2.IamTurere.IefromKitengela,afarmingmunityontheedge(边缘)ofNairobiNationalParkofKenya(肯尼亚).Sincetheageofnine,Ihavehelpedtolookaftermyfamily’scows.Asachild,inmyfreetime,Ienjoyedplayingwithelectronics.Imademyowninventions,suchaselectronictoysfromcarpartsandotherthings.Ialsobuiltotherelectronicdevices(仪器)formyneighbors.WhatwasTurereinterestedinwhenhewasachild?（）A.Trickingtheneighbors.B.Lookingaftercows.C.Playingwithelectronics.D.Makingcarparts.3.Oneday,whilewalkingdownacountryroad,Doynesawalittlegirlbreakinguprocks.Shesoonlearnedthat7­year­oldHimasoldtherockstosupportherfamily.Withdeepsadness,shedecidedtopayHima’stuition(学费)forschool.Encouragedbythechangesinthechild,Doynethought,“Ifwecanhelponechild,whynot10？”WhydidHimabreakuptherocks?（）A.Todophysicalexercise.B.Tobuildanewschool.C.Togetmoneyforherfamily.D.Torepairthecountryroad.4.Thereweremanybooksintheshop.Mr.Brownwasveryhappythatallthebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyhim.“Wherearetheotherwriters’books？”heaskedthemanintheshop.Themanlookedupathimandanswered,“Oh,theyareallsoldout.”AllthebooksintheshopwerewrittenbyMr.Brownbecause___．A.themanintheshoponlylikedhisbooksB.themanintheshopwasMr.Brown’sfriendC.hisbookswerebetterthantheotherwriters’D.theotherwriters’bookswereallsoldout推理判断题题型概述此类试题要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。解题方法针对特定细节信息进行推理此类试题要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的某些关键词或短语去分析、推理和判断。常见设问方式：Wecaninfer/conclude/learnfromthepassagethat......Thepassage/author/paragraphimplies......对作者的观点、态度、倾向、语气的判断根据文章所提供的背景、人的表情、动作和语言进行推断。另外，作者的观点和态度在文章的首段或尾段一般表现得最为明显。考生要重点理解首尾段，提炼作者的观点。常见设问方式：Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowards...a)positivesupportiveagreeoptimistic......b)negativedisagreecriticaldoubtful......c)objectiveuncertainHowdidthewriterfeelabout......根据文章体裁和内容判断文章出处此类题目可以根据文章的用词和格式，推断文章的出处。如：报纸前会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；广告的用词和格式都很特殊。常见设问方式：Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom......真题训练1.Adoctorenteredthehospitalhurriedlyafterbeingcalledinforanimportantsurgery(外科手术).Hefoundtheboy’sfatherinthehallwaitingworriedly.Onseeinghim,thefathercriedout,“Whydidyoutakeallthistimetoe?Don’tyouknowthatmysonisindanger?Don’tyouhaveanysenseofduty？”Thedoctorsmiledandsaid,“Iamsorry.Iwasn’tinthehospitalandIcameasfastasIcouldafterreceivingthecallandnow,Iwishyou’dcalmdownsothatIcandomywork.”Thefathershoutedatthedoctorbecausehethought_______．A.hehadwaitedtoolongB.noonecaredforhissonC.thedoctorwascoldtohimD.thesurgerytookalongtime2.ThisiswhyIamwritingtoyoufrommyhospitalbedwithtwobrokenlegsandaweakhead.IdidnotwinanythingattheOlympicsafterall.Ineedthefactorytobuildmetwonewlegsandanevenbiggerhead.ThenIwillbeabletopeteoncemore.Let’shopeforgreatersuccessinthenextOlympics!Howishefeelingnow?（）A.Fullofhope.B.Unsureabouthimself.C.Heart­broken.D.Satisfiedwithhisresultthisyear.3.“Couldn’thewaitsomeminutessothatIcanaskaboutmyson’sstate？”shoutedthefatherwhenseeingthenurseminutesafterthedoctorleft.Thenurseanswered,tearsingdownherface.“Hissondiedyesterdayinaroadaccident.Hewasattheburial(葬礼)whenwecalledhimforyourson’ssurgery.Andnowthathesavedyourson’slife,heleftrunningtofinishhisson’sburial.”Howmightthefatherfeelafterheknewthetruth?（）Angry. B.Excited.C.Sorry. D.Doubtful.词义猜测题题型概述此类题目在设置时，需要猜测的词汇大都为生难词汇。考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词或短语意思的技巧。常见的设问方式:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“XXX”meaninChinese/thepassage？Thewordrefersto/probablymeans...解题方法通过定义或释义关系猜测词义定义或解释形式多样，常由thatis(tosay),inotherwords,call,mean,beconsideredtobe,referto,becalled,beknownas等词汇或破折号来表示。通过举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够为猜测生词提供重要的线索。比如根据suchas,forexample,like等词的前后，或者是破折号前后的内容来猜测划线词的意思。通过同义词或近义词猜测词义在文章中，有时作者为了避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下，我们就可以利用同义词或近义词的关系由熟悉的词语来推测不熟悉词语的含义。通过同义词或近义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happyandgay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是“愉快的”的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。通过上下文语境猜测词义根据上下文语境暗示，运用逻辑推理来猜测生词词义通过生活常识猜测词义有些生词我们可以利用科普知识和生活常识推测其含义。已有的生活经验或常识，往往会给阅读后的理解提供有力的支持。借助于已有的，推测陌生的，这就上升到了能力的提高，使生词的破解成为了可能。真题训练Sometimes,studentsaregivenextendedlearningtasks.Thatmeanstheyneedtodomoreresearchandanalysis(分析).Buthoweverbigataskis,teachersalwaysgivefeedback(反馈)tohelpstudentsfindtheareaswheretheycanimprove.Theunderlinedword“extended”inthisparagraphprobablymeans________．扩展的B.特别的C.困难的D.实用的2.Forexample,imagineyouareacookandmustservedinnerto100guests.Howshouldyoudivideyourresourcessothatyoucangetthejobdonemostefficiently(高效地)?Insituationslikethis,theabilitytothinklogicallywillgetyoutoareasonableanswerandsolveyourproblem.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resources”meaninthepassage?（）科目B.效率C.信息D.资源3.Forsome,thisresearchmaybecalming.Itisgoodtoknowthatourbrainis“lookingoutforus”inanewplace.Butitmaynothelpwithsleep.Thatbrainactivity,atleastaccordingtothisnewresearch,makesithardertogetthesleeppeopleneedtowakeupwellrestedinthemorning.Theunderlinedword“calming”hastheclosestmeaningto“____”．pleasingB.differentC.seriousD.strangeThepenisveryutilitarian.Wecannotsignabillorwritealetterorbuyahousewithoutourpen.Anagreementisworthlesstillournameiswrittenwithapen.Thewritersencouragetheworldwithit.Thestudentstaketheirexaminationswithitaswell.Theunderlinedword“utilitarian”inthepassagemeans“________”．cheapB.boringC.specialD.useful5.Workwithaveteranvolunteer.Hevolunteeredalot,hecanhelpyouincreasetheconfidenceandpletelyunderstandtheorganization’sexpectations.Theunderlinedword“veteran”inthepassagemeans“________”．politeB.humorousC.youngD.experienced6.ButAdamsbelievedthatpeopleinhospitalneedmorethanmedicine.Hesawunhappyandlonelypeople,andhetriedtohelpthemaspatients,butaspeople,too.Hespentalotoftimewithchildreninthehospital,andoftenputaspecialrednoseonhisfacetolooklikeaclownandtomakethechildrenlaugh.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“clown”inthispassageprobablymean?（）木偶B.小丑C.外星人D.蜘蛛侠主旨大意题题型概述主旨大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章内容或段落内容进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(mainidea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学的语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。常见设问方式Whatdoesthetext/passage(mainly)tellus?Whatisthetextmainlyabout？Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout？Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus？真题训练1.MrBrownisascienceteacher.Onedayhewantedtoshowsomethingimportanttohisstudents.Theteachertookalargemouthbottle.①Heaskedtheclass，"Isthebottlefullnow?"Theyallreplied，"Yes!"Theteacherthentooksomesmallrocksandputthemintothebottle.②Thesmallrockswentintothespacesbetweenthebigrocks.Hethenasked，"Isitfull?"Thistimesomestudentsdidn'tgiveananswer,butmostreplied,"Yes!"Theteacherthenstartedtodropsomesandintothebottle.Thesandfilledupthespacesbetweenthesmallrocks.③Forthethirdtime，theteacherasked,"Isitfull?"Nowmoststudentsweredoubting，butstill，somereplied，"Yes!"Thentheteacherbroughtoutacupofwaterintothebottle.④"What'sthepointofthisshow?"askedtheteacher.Onebrightstudentanswered，"Nomatterhowbusyyouare，youcanalwaysfindtimetodosomemorethings.""No，"saidtheteacher."Thepointisthatifyoudon'tplacethebigrocksintothebottlefirst，you'llnevergetthemin.Thebigrocksaretheimportantthingsinyourlife.Ifyoufillyourlifewithsmallthingsasshownbythesmallrocks，thesandandthewateryou'llneverhavethetimefortheimportantthings."Fromthepassage，welearnthat（）.A.youshoulddosmallthingsfirstinyourlifeB.youshoulddoimportantthingsandsmallthingsatthesametimeC.youcanalwaysfindtimetodosomemorethingsifyouwanttodothemD.you'llneverhavetimeforsomethingimportantifyourlifeisfilledwithsmallthings2.Somefriendsinviteyouoverandserveyouadeliciousdinner.Someonelendsyouhiscarwhilethere'ssomethingwrongwithyours.Youaresick,andafriendbringsyouamealandcaresforyou.Howdoyoushowyourgratitude(感谢)?Sometimessimplysayingthankyouisenough.Atothertimes,itisthoughtfultosaythankyouinamoredifferentway.Besuretotellthatpersonwhatyouaregratefulforandwhyyouaregrateful.Herearesomemonwaystosaythankyou.Youcanwriteathank－younote.Peopleareverybusythesedays.Ahandwrittennoteshowsyoutookthetimetotellsomeoneyouaregratefultohimorher.Or