法律英语证书(LEC)考试试题库

法律英语证书（LEC）考试试题库

法律英语试题库

说明：法律英语试题库共分两部分〜第一部分为普通法律英语部分〜侧重对一

般

法律英语知识的相关词汇、语篇阅读分析能力、法律翻译能力掌握情况的考

察。

第二部分为涉外法律英语部分〜侧重对涉外法律知识的相关词汇、语法、涉外

法

律文书及其法律翻译能力的考察。

PartOne:普通法律英语部分

I(Matcheachofthefollowingnumbereddefinitionswiththecorrect

terminthelistbelow,Writetheletterofyourchoiceintheanswer

column.

Exercise1

A.defendantF.adjudicate

B.allegationG.review

C.caselawH.plaintiff

D.lawI.CommonLaw

E.statutorylawJ.Jurist

()1.Judicialreexaminationoftheproceedingsofacourtorother

body;areconsiderationbythesamecourtorbodyofitsformerdecision.

()2.Rulesofconductapplicabletoallpeopleandenforceableincourt.

()3.Todecideamatterbylegalmeans;forexample,court,

mediation,arbitration.

()4.Thepartybeingsuedortriedineithercivilorcriminal

action.()5.ThemajorsourceoflawintheU.S.A.ortheUK;based

onoldEnglishLaw.

()6.LawestablishedbyCongress,starelegislaturesoranyother

lawmakingbodies.

()7.Apersonwhohasasubstantialknowledgeoflawandwhohas

writtenextensivelyonlegalmatters;forexample,judges,professors,

andsoon.()8.Thepartywhoinitiatesanactionatlaw(lawsuit).

()9.Lawbasedoncourtdecisions.

()10.Astatementorchargemadeinapleadingwhichoneintendsto

provebylegalevidence.

Exercise2

1

AexecutivebranchFdevolution

B.federalG.defamation

C.legislationII.legislativebranch

D.confederationLallegation

E.judicialbranchJ.constitution

,LawsorwrittenruleswhicharepassedbyParliamentand()11

implementedbythecourts.

()12.Thegovernmentdepartmentthatisresponsiblefordetermining

theconstitutionalityoflegislativeandexecutiveactions,and

adjudicatingrightsanddutiesofothersinvolvedindisputes.It

interpretsandappliestheLaw.

()13.Awrittendocumentdefiningfundamentallegalprinciplefor

governanceofthepeople.Itmayincludegrantsofpowerandlimitations

ofpower.

()14.Passingofpowertogovernortomakedecisionsfromacentral

authoritytoalocalauthority.

()15.Thegovernmentdepartmentthatisresponsibleforcarrying

lawsintoeffect.

()16.Groupofindependentstatesororganizationsworkingtogether

forcommonaims.

()17.Thegovernmentdepartmentthatisresponsibleforenacting

statutorylaws.

()18.ReferstotheU.Sgovernmentanditsactivities.TheUnited

Statesisafederationof50sovereignstates.

()19.Inpleading,anassertionoffact;thestatementoftheissue

whichthecontributingpartyispreparedtoprove.

()20.Falsestatement,eitheroralorwritten,whichtendstoinjure

thereputationofthevictim.Itmaybecivilaswellascriminal.

Exercise3

A(separatepropertyF.adultery

B(bigamyG.beneficiary

C(custodyH.separation

D(heirI.necessaries

E(nonsupportJ.guardian

()21.Asituationinwhichpartiesarenotlivingtogetherbut

otherwisehavelegaldutiesofhusbandandwife.

()22.Thecareandpossessionofminorchildrenofamarriage

duringadivorceproceedingandafterdivorceisfinal.

()23.PropertyownedByeitherspousebeforemarriageoracquired

duringmarriagebygiftorinheritance.

2

()24.Apersonappointedbythecourttosuperviseandtakecareof

another.

()25.Failuretocontributemoney,inaccordancewithone'sability,

tothemaintenanceofaparentasrequiredbylaw.

()26.Goodsandservicesordinarilyrequiredbyandappropriateto

anincompetentperson，sstationinlife,yetnotavailableorprovided

byparentorguardian.

()27.Thecrimeofbeingmarriedtotwoormorepersonsatthesame

time.

()28.Sexualintercoursebyamarriedpersonwithsomeoneother

thantheoffender，sspouse.

()29.Anyonewhohasalegalrighttoinheritthepropertyof

another.()30.Anyonewhobenefitsunderthetermsofawill.

Exercise4

A.proprietorF.dividends

B.limitedpartnerG.generalpartner

C.dissolutionILproxy

D.quorumI.liquidation

E.mergerJ.subsidiary

()31.Apersonwhoconductsthebusinessofapartnershipandhas

unlimitedLiability.

()32.Apersonwhoisthesoleownerofabusiness.

()33.Acompanyowned(byamajorityofsharesorinterest)and

controlledbyanothercompany.

()34.Acombinationoftwoormorecorporationswherebyoneremains

alegalentityandtheotherisabsorbed.

()35.Apersonwhoinvestscapitalandsharesintheprofitsofthe

partnershipbutwhoseliabilityandshareofprofitsarelimitedbythe

amountinvested.

()36.Thesaleand/ordistributionoftheassetsofabusinessto

settleitsaccountswithcreditorand/orstockholders.

()37.Theterminationoftheexistenceofalegalentity,suchasa

partnershiporacorporation.

()38.Aportionofcorporateprofitsdividedamongtheshare­

holders,incashand/orstock.

()39.Thenumberofmemberswhomustbepresentatameetingfor

businesstobetransacted;amajority.

()40.Theauthorizationforanothertoactforashareholderata

meeting;also,thepapergrantingtheauthority.

II.Choosetherightwordfromthelistgivenbelowforeachblank.

Changetheformofthewordifnecessary.(15')

3

Exercise1

Institutionfoundationstart

provisionstatuteknow

codeexperiencejurisdiction

still-survivejudicatureadvocate

asexerciseregard

Weareabouttopassintoaworldgovernedby_41_;andafewwords

willnotbeoutofplaceastothewayinwhichcodesare_42_inthe

countrieswheretheyformthe_43_ofthenationallaw.Inthefirst

placeacodeissupposed,intheoryatleast,toprovideafresh_44_in

allthosepartsofthelawwithwhichitdeals.Itisnotconceivedas

restinguponapresupposedand_45_commonlaw,butasstandinguponits

ownfoundations,_46_does,forexamplewithus,a_47_introducinga

novelprinciple,suchasWorkmen'sCompensation.Weshallnotfindina

continentalcodesuchlanguageasthatusedintheSupremeCourt

of_48_Act,1925,wherethejurisdictionoftheHighCourtisdefinedas

including"the_49__whichwasformerlyvestedin,orcapableof

being_50_by,alloranyofthecourtsfollowing…"Itwasthe

intentionoftheauthorsoftheFrenchCivilCodethatitshouldbe

interpretedonlyinthelightofitsown_51_anddefinitions.Oneofthe

earlycommentators,Bugnet,said:aknownothingofcivillaw;Ionly

teachtheCodeNapoleon.，z

Averyshort_52_,however,wasenoughtoshowthatthisideawas

impossibleofrealization.Thejudgesand53_,tosaynothingofthe

notlessimportantlegalauthors,whosetaskitwastoexpoundandto

applythenewCode,couldnothavedonetheirworkhadtheynotbeen

familiarwiththeoldtechnicaltermsitadopted,andwiththe_54_which

insubstanceitreproduced.Whateverpretencetheymightmakeoflooking

onlytothetextoftheCode,theycouldnotemptytheirmindsofa

largebodyofrelevantprofessionalknowledge,_55_ofsomethingwhich

wemay,withoutgreaterror,callthecommonlawofFrance-orat

leastthecommonlawofParis.

Exercise2

disputesjusticepursuit

procedureplaintiffroots

proceduralreliancemeans

adversaryjurisdictionsclaims

judgmentpartiesopposing

Inalljurisdictionsthereisgeneralagreementthatthegoalof

civil_56_isthejust,prompt,andinexpensivedeterminationof_57_

beforethecourts.Thereissimilaragreementthat_58_ofthisgoal

requires

4

thatthelawofprocedureprovidessome_59_forperformingeachof

thefollowingbasicfunctions:notifyingthedefendantthatthe_60_is

bringingsuit,informingeachpartyofthe_61_andcontentionsofthe

other,determiningthenatureofthedisputeandtheissuesbetweenthe

_62_,ascertainingthefacts,decidingwhichprinciplesoflawgovern

thecase,applyingthelawtothefactstoreacha63_,givingthe

judgmenteffectinsomepracticalway,andhavingtheofficialactions

oflowercourtscheckedbyhighercourts.Withveryfewexceptions,the

differencesthatexistinthe_64_lawsofthevarious_65_areonly

differenceswithrespecttothemeanschosentoperformoneormoreof

thesefunctions.Inaddition,Americanrulesofprocedure,withthe

exceptionofthoseineffectinLouisiana,havetheir_66_intheearly

Englishcommonlaw.Consequently,mostdifferencesarenotdifferences

inkind;theyaredifferencesinthedegreeofevolutionfromearly

commonlawconcepts.Finally,inallofourjurisdictionsmuch_67_is

placedontheassumptionthatifeachofthe_68_partiestakesthesteps

andadvancesthepropositionsthatappeartohimorhertobestserve

hisorherowncause,truthand_69_willemerge.Becauseofthis

characteristic,oursystemisoftenreferredtoasthe_70_system.

Exercise3

forcourtcelebrating

laterpattedrejected

drunkherwith

prisonsearchedof

prosecutordeclaringboth

Oneeveningpoliceofficerssawamanandwomanrunningdowna

street.Thepolice_71_them.Thewomanhadabagofmoneyinherhand

andabulgein_72_jacket.Theypattedherdownandfoundagun.Then

they_73—downhercompanion;theyfoundnothing.Theytook_74_to

thestation,bookedthemandarrestedthemforarmedrobbery.Backon

patrol_75_thatnighttheysawagroupofrowdycollegestudents

76afootballvictory.Thegroupwasinaquietneighborhood.The

twoofficerstoldtheyouthsto“keepquiet”.Stilllater,theysawa

_77_stumble

andfelldown;theytookhimtoanearbyshelter.

Afewdayslater,a78chargedthetwoarmedrobberysuspects

79robbery,accordingtothestate，scriminalcode.Thewomanwent

to_80_;thejuryacquittedherbecausetheonlyeyewitnessdied

_81_aheartattackthemorningofthetrial.Afterchargingher

companion,theprosecutorofferedthemalesuspecta"deal."In

exchange_82_

apleaofguilty,theprosecutorwouldreducethechargetosimple

theftandaskthejudgeforasentencetoanewlyinstitutedhome

confinementprograminsteadoftoprison.Themanacceptedthedealand

pleadedguilty,

5

butthejudge83therequestforhomeconfinement.Shesentenced

themanto84_fortwoyears.Becauseofgoodbehaviorandacourt

order_85_theovercrowdedprisontobeinviolationofthe

Constitution,prisonofficialsreleasedthemanaftersixmonths,

judgingthathewould

notseriouslyendangerthecommunity.

III.VocabularyandStructure

A.Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeirdefinitionsontheright.

(8points)

86.strategya)alegallyregistereddesignnamingtheoriginal

designerasownerofthedesign

87.tediousb)thenameofaproductorsometimesthenameof

acompany

88.briefe)amemorablesentenceusedtoadvertisea

product

89.brandd)notveryinterestingandoftenrepetitive

90.e)tellsomeoneaboutsomething,usuallyin

shareholderconnectionwithwork

91.sloganf)anownerofsharesinabusiness

92.spamg)junkmail

93.patenth)ageneralplanintendedtoachievesomething

overaperiodoftime

B.Completethefollowingsentences,usingtheappropriatephrasal

verbsfromtheboxbelow.Remembertoputtheverbsinthecorrectform.

YoushouldrefertothecompanystructureofABMplcforquestions1-3.

(7points)

reporttotakeoffsetupseetoconsistof

turnoffdowithoutputtogothrough

6

94.ABMplcfourdepartments.

95.HelenGreytothePersonnelManager.

96.JohnRosstheMaintenanceSection.

97.thegasbeforeyouinspectthebackofthecooker.98.

Afterinheritingalotofmoneyhedecidedto______hisownbusiness.

99.Iwouldliketothesalesfigureswithyouandfindout

wherethemistakesare.

100.Wereallycan，thisexpertknowledge.Wellhaveto

reschedulethemeetingtosuithim.

(H)ChooseawordfromtheboxforeachspaceintheExercisebelow.

Remembertoputthewordsinthecorrectform.

managepostreferencetoarrange

reachencloserequireprivatemoreover

studyenablewouldparticularlyavailable

46PottersLane

Walton

Leicestershire

23April2002MrPeterSellers

DirectorHumanResources

CarneyandDenhamConsultants

7

2CromwellRoad

NottinghamNT79GH

DearMrSellers

With101toyouradvertisementintheIndependenton21April,I

wouldliketoapplyforthe102ofProjectManagerwithyour

company.

Iam35yearsoldand1haveconsiderableexperienceinengineering

inboththepublicand103sectormanagingoverseasconstruction

projects.104,IhaverecentlycompletedacourseonManagementand

CommunicationandIamcurrently105foranMAdegreeinEngineering

Management.Thisexperiencebas106metodevelopthenecessary

leadershipandCommunicationskillsto107multidisciplined

constructionteams.Iam108interestedinthepositionyouare

offeringasI109liketobecomemoreinvolvedwithbuilding

refurbishmentprojects.

Iwouldbegratefulifyoucould110aninterviewassoonas

possibleasIamgoingabroadnextmonth.IcanBe111attheabove

address.Iam112tostartworkfromIJune.Pleasefind113myCV.

Pleasedonothesitatetocontactmeifyou114anyfurther

information.

Ilookforward115heatingfromyou.

Yourssincerely

AnneAlexander

AnneAlexander(Ms)

8

IV.Readthematerialsandanswerthefollowingquestions:

Exercise1

1.Readthefollowingtextandanswerquestions116-120.

Sometimesyoumightbeaskedtogotoaselectionorassessment

centre.Thisisanextendedinterviewwhichismadeupofaseriesof

groupactivities,restsandpresentations.Youwillbeassessed

throughoutthedaybyassessorswhowillbelookingtoseehowwellyou

workinaream,whetheryourcommunicationskillsaregoodandwhether

youcanworktodeadlines.Teamworkisimportant.Youdon，tdoyourself

anyfavorsbytryingtotakeoverthegroup,butatthesametime,don，t

sitbackandleteveryoneelsedothework.

Don'tpanicifyou，reaskedtodoapresentationonsomethingyou

don，tknowmuchaboutasthewayyougivethepresentationisoftenmore

importantthanthecontentitself.Youshouldpracticebeforehandsoyou

knowhowlongthepresentationtakes.Thebestadviceondealingwitha

selectioncentreistogiveityourbestshot.Ifyousittimidlyinthe

corner,theassessorcannotmakeanyjudgmentaboutyou.

Whenyoutakeapersonalitytest,whichisdesignedtofindout

aboutyourpersonalityandcharacter,whatyourvaluesareandwhat

motivatesyou,don，tworryaboutansweringquestionsincorrectlythere

isusuallynorightorwronganswers.Answerthequestionshonestlyand

positively.Thereisnopointintryingtogivetheanswersyouthink

theemployerwillwantbecausefirstlyyoumighthavethewrongidea

aboutwhattheemployerislookingfor,andsecondly,youdon'twantlo

geltilejobandspendtheensuingmonthstryingtobesomeonewho

you'renot.116.WhatistheExercisemainlyconcernedwith?

9

117.Howshouldyoubehaveduringthedayattheselectioncentre?

118.Howshouldapplicantsapproachgivingpresentations?

119.Doesitmatterifyouanswerquestionsincorrectlyina

personalitytest?Why?

120.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutlyinginapersonalitytest?

Exercise2

Despitetheattentionpaidwithinadvertisingagenciestothewhole

businesstargetingspecificgroups,therehavebeensomespectacular

failurestogetitrightwhencompanieshavetriedtogointernational

orglobalwiththeirproducts.Thishasbeenforavarietyofreasons.

Sometimes,thebrandnameoftheproducthasunfortunateassociations

whentranslatedintoforeignlanguages.Lookingatthisareacan

illustratehowpowerfultheoperationofconnotationis-thewayin

whichwordscancallupassociationsinourminds.Becauseofthewaywe

makeconnectionsbetweenwordsandparticularideas,feelingand

experiences,brandnamesarecrucialforadvertisers.Theyarevery

economic,actingaslittleconcentratedcapsulesofmeaning.Where

advertisersgetitright,readerswilldotheworktogenerateallthe

intendedconnotations.

Therearewholecompanieswhospecializeinofferingresearchon

brand-nameconnotationstoproductmanufacturerslookingforanamefor

anewproduct,orlookingathowbesttomarketanexistingproductto

new,foreignaudiences.Thesecompanies-forexampleInter-brand,and

TheBrand-namingCompanytypicallyorganizebrainstormingsessions

wheretheyaskgroupsofpeopletolettheirimaginations'roamfree’,

fromwhichmeetingstheyarriveatshortlistsofnameswhose

suitabilityisthenresearchedfurther.Namesontheshortlistshaveto

passcertain

10

tests:forexample,thattheyarenottooclosetoexistingnames;

thattheyarepronounceableinalltheworld'smajorlanguages;that

theyhavetherightconnotations.Thelatter,however,isacomplexarea.

Evenwithinonelanguage,connotationscanbeaboutquitesubtle

distinctions.Forexample,whenPickfordsTravelmergedwithHogg

Robinsontwoyearsago,theshortlistforthenewcompanyhadtwomain

contenders:'Destinations',arid'GoingPlaces'.Thenewcompanychose

thelatter,decidingthat'destinations，tendedtosuggestlonghaul

flightstofarflungplacestravelfortheprivileged.’GoingPlaces',on

theotherhand,wasthoughttodescribeallsortsoftraveland

thereforebemoresuitableforthemassmarket,whichwasthecompany?s

target.

2.Markstatements121-125TrueorFalseaccordingtothe

informationprovidedinthetextabove.

121.ThisExerciseismainlyabouthowtochoosenamesforcompanies

wishingtogoglobal.

122.Goodnamesmaketherightconnectionbetweenwordsandideas.

123.‘GoingPlaces，isusedasanexampletoshowhowharditisto

chooseanameforacompany.

124.‘Destinations'islikelytoappealtowealthytravelers.125.

Onetechniquebrandnameconsultantsoftenuseistoinvitepeopleto

freelysuggestanynamesontheirmind.

Exercise3

Material1:Jurisprudence:AnOverview

11

ThewordjurisprudencederivesfromtheLatintermjurisprudentia,

whichmeans“thestudy,knowledge,orscienceoflaw.〃IntheUnited

Statesjurisprudencecommonlymeansthephilosophyoflaw.Legal

philosophyhasmanyaspects,butfourofthemarethemostcommon.The

firstandthemostprevalentformofjurisprudenceseekstoanalyze,

explain,classify,andcriticizeentirebodiesoflaw.Lawschool

textbooksandlegalencyclopediasrepresentthistypeofscholarship.

Thesecondtypeofjurisprudencecomparesandcontrastslawwithother

fieldsofknowledgesuchasliterature,economics,religion,andthe

socialsciences.Thethirdtypeofjurisprudenceseekstorevealthe

historical,moral,andculturalbasisofaparticularlegalconcept.The

fourthbodyofjurisprudencefocusesonfindingtheanswertosuch

abstractquestionsaswhatislaw?Howdojudges(properly)decidecases?

Apartfromdifferenttypesofjurisprudence,differentschoolsof

jurisprudenceexist.Formalism,orconceptualism,treatslawlikemath

orscience.Formalistsbelievethatajudgeidentifiestherelevant

legalprinciples,appliesthemtothefactsofacase,andlogically

deducesarulethatwillgoverntheoutcomeofthedispute.Incontrast,

proponentsoflegalrealismbelievethatmostcasesbeforecourts

presenthardquestionsthatjudgesmustresolvebybalancingthe

interestsofthepartiesandultimatelydrawinganarbitrarylineonone

sideofthedispute.Thisline,realistsmaintain,isdrawnaccordingto

thepolitical,economic,andpsychologicalinclinationsofthejudge.

Somelegalrealistsevenbelievethatajudgeisabletoshapethe

outcomeofthecasebasedonpersonalbiases.

Apartfromtherealist-formalistdichotomy,thereistheclassic

debateovertheappropriatesourcesoflawbetweenpositivistand

natural

12

lawschoolsofthought.Positivistsarguethatthereisno

connectionbetweenlawandmoralityandtheonlysourcesoflaware

rulesthathavebeenexpresslyenactedbyagovernmentalentityorcourt

oflaw.Naturalists,orproponentsofnaturallaw,insistthattherules

enactedbygovernmentarenottheonlysourcesoflaw.Theyarguethat

moralphilosophy;religion,humanreasonandindividualconscienceare

alsointegratingpartsofthelaw.

Therearenobrightlinesbetweendifferentschoolsofjurisprudence.

Thelegalphilosophyofaparticularlegalscholarmayconsistofa

combinationofstrainsfrommanyschoolsoflegalthought.Somescholars

thinkthatitismoreappropriatetothinkaboutjurisprudenceasa

continuum.

Theabove-mentionedschoolsoflegalthoughtsareonlypartofa

diversejurisprudentialpictureoftheUnitedStates.Otherprominent

schoolsoflegalthoughtexist.Criticallegalstudies,feminist

jurisprudence,lawandeconomics,utilitarianism,andlegalpragmatism

arebutafewofthem.

Material2:LegalPhilosophy

Jurisprudenceisthephilosophyoflawandofthelegalsystem.

Therearemanywaysofclassifyinglegalphilosophyorjurisprudence.

Thefourmajorschoolsofthoughtarenaturallaw,positivelaw,

sociologicaljurisprudenceandlegalrealism.

Thenaturallawschoolofthoughtfeelsthatthelegalsystemshould

modeltherelationshipsfoundinnatureandbelieveintheinnate

goodnessofman.

13

ThenaturallawschoolofthoughtbeganduringthefifthcenturyB.C.

andstatesthatthereexistsasenseofwhatisjustandrightinnature

separateanddistinctfromtherulesthatmaybedevelopedbyastate.

Aristotleassertedthatlawexistedinnatureandcouldbe

ascertainedbyman，sexerciseofhispowertoreason.TheStoicschool

elaboratedonandexpandedontheideasofAristotleinthethird

centuryB.C.During

gentium(thelawofnations)wastheRomanperiodtheconceptofjus

similartotheearlierGreeknaturallawtheories.

St.ThomasAquinascombinedtheGreekandRomanschoolsofthought

intoaChristianviewthatGodrevealsnaturallawtomanthroughman's

abilitytoreason.JohnLockearguedthatmanhada"bundle"ofrights,

onlysomeofwhichhesurrenderedtothestateinordertoliveinan

organizedsociety.AccordingtoLocke,theindividualretainedthe

remainingrightsinthebundle.ThisviewisrecognizedintheTenth

AmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution.Thepowersnotdelegatedto

theUnitedStatesbytheConstitutionnorprohibitedbyittotheStates,

arereservedtotheStatesrespectively,ortothepeople.

Beginningwiththenineteenthcentury,therewasamoveawayfrom

relianceonnaturallawtowardtheconceptofpositivelaw.Naturallaw

takesthepositionthatlawisbasedonfundamentaltruths.This

positionismoreastatementoffaiththananassertionoffact.The

advocatesofpositivelaw(sometimescalledlegalpositivismor

analyticaljurisprudence)believethatlawshouldbemorescientificand

lessreliantonblindfaith.Thus,positivelawdealswithaxiomsand

attemptstodevelopalegalsystembasedonlogicratherthanonbeliefs.

LegalpositivismoriginallydevelopedinEurope.Thelegal

positivistsbelievethatthereisnolawunlessanduntillaiddownbya

sovereign.(Thesovereigncanbeeitherapersonoraninstitution.)As

aresult,positivelawcanbedistinguishedfrommoralitybecause

moralitydoesnotcomefromthesovereign,whilelawis,oratleast

shouldbe,handeddownbythesovereign.Therearefourbasiccomponents

oflegalpositivism:

1.Lawconsistsofrules.

2.Lawisdifferentfrommorals.

3.Thesovereignestablishestherules.

4.Legalrulescarrysanctions.