新概念英语第二册笔记-第81课

Lesson81Escape脱逃【Text】Whenhehadkilledtheguard,theprisonerofwarquicklydraggedhimintothebushes.Workingrapidlyinthedarkness,hesoonchangedintothedeadman'sclothes.Now,dressedinablueuniformandwitharifleoverhisshoulder,theprisonermarchedboldlyupanddowninfrontofthecamp.Hecouldhearshoutinginthecampitself.Lightswereblazingandmenwererunninghereandthere:theyhadjustdiscoveredthataprisonerhadescaped.Atthatmoment,alargeblackcarwithfourofficersinsideit,stoppedatthecampgates.Theofficersgotoutandtheprisonerstoodtoattentionandsalutedastheypassed.Whentheyhadgone,thedriverofthecarcametowardshim.Themanobviouslywantedtotalk.Hewasratherelderlywithgreyhairandclearblueeyes.Theprisonerfeltsorryforhim,buttherewasnothingelsehecoulddo.Asthemancamenear,theprisonerknockedhimtothegroundwithasharpblow.Then,jumpingintothecar,hedroveoffasquicklyashecould.【课文翻译】那个战俘杀死卫兵以后，迅速地把尸体拖进了灌木丛。他在黑暗中忙活了一阵儿，很快就换上了死者的衣服。现在他身穿蓝军装，肩扛步枪，在军营门前大胆地来回走看。他听得军营里面的喧闹声。那里灯火通明，人们在东奔西跑：他们刚刚发现有一个俘虏跑了。正在此时，一辆黑色大轿车在军营门口停了下来。里面坐了4个军官。军官们下了车，战俘立正站好，并在他们从他面前经过时敬了礼。他们走后，汽车司机向他走来，这人显然是想聊天。他上了年纪，有着灰白的头发和明亮的蓝眼睛。战俘为他感到惋惜，但却没有别的选择。当这个人走近时，战俘一拳把他打倒在地，然后跳进车里，以最快的速度把车开走了。Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语blazeblazev.闪耀

salutev.行礼

elderlyadj.上了年纪的

greyadj.灰白的

sharpadj.猛烈的

blown.打击prisonern.囚犯

bushn.灌木丛

rapidlyadv.迅速地

uniformn.制服

riflen.来福枪，步枪

shouldern.肩marchv.行进

【生词讲解】1.prisoner（1）n.囚犯jailbird（2）n.俘虏POW：aprisonerofwar战俘eg：Theyweretakenprisoner.他们被俘prison监牢、监狱（jail）beinprison＝beinjail坐牢←→breakprison＝breakjail越狱behindbard在狱中2.bush n.灌木丛（比tree低而且多枝）shrub灌木丛；arosebush蔷薇丛beataroundthebush＝beataboutthebush绕弯子说话，转弯抹角地说话beatthebush到处搜寻；bushyadj.灌木丛生的；茂密的3.rapidly adv.迅速地（反义词slowly）speakrapidly迅速地说；speakmorerapidly更迅速地说rapid1）adj.迅速的（反义词slow）morerapid→mostrapid2）adj.快速的、敏捷的arapidstream急流；arapidworker工作快速的人eg：Hetookarapidglanceatme.他快速的看了我一眼。eg：Rapidprogresswasmade.进步很快。eg：Herthinkingwasrapid.她的脑筋反应很灵敏。rapidsn.急流apidityn.迅速、速度；withrapidity非常迅速地withastonishingrapidity以惊人的速度4.uniform（1） n.制服aschooluniform校服；inuniform穿着制服outofuniform穿着便服eg：Allthestudentsmustwearuniformsatourschool.在我们的学校所有学生必须穿校服（2）adj.相同的、同行的arowofuniformbuildings一排相同的的建筑eg：Theboxesareuniforminweight.相同重量的箱子（3）adj.不变的、一定的walkatauniformpace以一定的步伐走路5.rifle n.来福枪，步枪huntingrifle猎枪；trigger扳机barrel桶；筒，枪(或炮)管；gun枪，炮machinegun机关枪；pistol手枪holdapistoltoaperson’shead拿枪举着头6.shoulder1） n.肩膀slopingshoulder斜肩；squareshoulder平肩eg：Shelookedoverhershoulder.她回过头向后看。shoulders双肩eg：Taketheresponsibilityonyourshoulders.你要自己负起责任来。eg：Myson’sfindingemploymenttookaloadoffmyshoulders.我的儿子找到工作卸下我肩上的担子。2）肩部、路肩、肩theshoulderofamountain山肩theshoulderofavase花瓶的肩部cryonone’sshoulder向某人哭诉givesomeonetheshoulder冷淡地对待某人shouldertoshoulder肩并肩shrugone’sshoulders耸肩7.march1）v.行进、进军eg：Thetroopmarchedalongthestreet.部队沿着街道行进eg：Themayormarchedattheheadoftheparade.市长走在游行队伍的前头。2）n.行进、进军aday’smarch一日行军；alineofmarch行军路线3）n.音乐进行曲aweddingmarch婚礼进行曲adeathmarch送葬曲、哀乐＝afuneralmarch葬礼进行曲4）n.发展、进展themarchofscience科学的进步；themarchoftime时间流逝March3月（游罗马神话中战神mars之月而来）8.boldly adv.大胆地、厚颜无耻bold1）adj.大胆的、不知害怕的、有勇气的cowardadj.胆怯的、怯懦的timidadj.胆怯的、羞怯的aboldidea大胆的想法；averyboldaction大胆的行动boldtodosth胆敢做某事Itisboldofsbtodosth某人真大胆，竟然敢做……eg：You’reboldtoclimbthatmountainalone.＝Itisboldofyoutoclimbthatmountainalone.你真大胆竟敢独自去爬那座山2）adj.（女性）厚颜无耻、冒失的eg：Whataboldwomansheis！多么厚颜无耻的女人！3）adj.笔画粗的theboldoutlineofamountain山脉清楚的轮廓asboldasbrass(厚脸皮)极其厚颜无耻的9.blaze1）v.燃烧、冒火焰eg：Thefireblazedallday.火烧了一整天。eg：Thenoonsunblazedinthesky.中午的太阳在天空中闪耀2）v.发怒、激怒eg：Hewasblazingwithanger. 他怒火中烧。3）n.火焰、火苗eg：Thefireburstintoablaze.火烧得通红。eg：Shewasrescuedfromtheblaze.她被从大火中救出。blazingadj.炎热的ablazingsun炙热的太阳blazer色彩鲜艳的运动上衣、颜色鲜明的运动夹克、燃烧体;发光体10.salute1）v.行礼、敬礼、问候或欢迎salutetheflag向旗帜敬礼2）n.敬礼giveasalute敬礼eg：Theofficerreturnedthesergeant’ssalute.军官向中士还了礼.salutation[.sælju'teiʃən]n.招呼,致敬,问候n.(信函开头)称呼语11.elderly adj.上了年纪的anelderlygentleman上了年纪的绅士elder年纪较长的、年长的＝older（美）one’selderbrother/sister哥哥姐姐anelderson年纪较长的儿子12.grey1）adj.灰白的（gray）eg：Shehasgrayeyes.她有灰色的眼睛2）adj.（头发）灰白的gogray＝growgray头发变白3）adj.阴暗的、微暗的eg：Hisfutureisgray.他的未来是阴暗的grayweather阴天；graymatter（口）智力、头脑graybeard（深谋远虑的）老人；grey-haired白发苍苍13.sharp1）adj.猛烈的、极剧的、凛冽的eg：Hewasattackedbyasharppaininhisstomach.他感到胃部剧痛。asharpwind刺骨的寒风2）adj.（刀口等）锋利的、锐利的（反义词blunt,dull）asharpknife锋利的刀3）adj.呈锐角的、陡的eg：Hemadeasharpturntotheright.他向右急转4）adj.尖酸、刻薄的sharpwordsn.忿怒的话(激动的话)；asharptongue言语尖刻5）adj.敏锐的、灵敏的、聪明的、狡猾的反义词dulleg：Dogshavesharpears.狗有敏锐的耳朵asharppolitician精明的政治家clevergifted有天分的；clevertalented有才能的cleversmart伶俐的；cleversharp精明的cleverinventive有发明才能的；clevercreative有创造力的cleverresourceful善于临机应变的sharpen.V.削尖、使变尖锐的sharpenapencilwithaknife用刀子削一削铅笔sharp-eyedadj.洞察力敏锐的sharplyadv.14.blow1） n.打击、殴打eg：Hegavemeablowonthehead.他打在我头上＝Hestruckmeablowonthehead.eg：IgotsuchablowthatIfelldown.我被重重一击而倒下。2）n.精神上的打击、震撼eg：Myfather’sdeathwasagreatblowtome.我父亲的死对我是一个很大的打击。withoutstrikingsblow不费吹灰之力；withoneblow一拳、一击3）v.吹、刮blow－blew－blowneg：Itisblowinghardtoday.今天风大eg：Thewindblewfromthenorth.刮北风4）v.（风）吹动、被风吹动eg：Thewindhasblownmyhatoff.风把我的帽子刮走了。eg：Theoldtreewasblowndown.这棵老树被强风吹倒。eg：Thedoorblewopen.门被吹开了。eg：Thedoorblewshut.门吹得关上了eg：Thecurtainblewinthewind.窗帘在风中飘动。5）v.吹气eg：Heblewonthesouptocoolit.他吹着汤为了冷却汤eg：Sheblewonhercoldhands.她吹着她冰冷的双手。blowup爆炸，(被)炸飞；充气；大发脾气，大怒blowout吹灭(突然爆裂,吹胀,突然冒出,烧断)blowoutacandle吹灭蜡烛【课文讲解】1.Whenhehadkilledtheguard,theprisonerofwarquicklydraggedhimintothebushes.drag……into拖进eg：Wedraggedthecarpetoutoftheroom.eg：Hedraggedthetableintothecorner.drag1)拖，拉，扯，拽

eg：Hedraggedtheheavyboxoutofhisroom.

他把这个沉重的盒子拖出他的房间。

2)（某物）在地上拖拉

eg：Yourcoatisdragginginthemud.你的大衣拖到泥上了。

3)drag（on）（乏味或恼人的事情）进行过久，拖拖拉拉

eg：Thefilmdraggedterribly.这电影演得拖拖拉拉的。

4)dragsbintodoingsth硬拉某人做某事

eg：Shehadtobedraggedintoseeingthedentist.

她被硬拉着去看牙医

5)n.累赘的或另人讨厌的人或事物

eg：Walkingisadrag--let'stakeacar.走路太费事。我们坐汽车吧。

dragonsb/sth类最的人或事物eg：Helovesherfamily,buttheyareadragonhiscareer.他热爱他的家庭，但是家庭却是他事业的累赘2.Workingrapidlyinthedarkness,hesoonchangedintothedeadman'sclothes.①changeinto换（衣服）eg：Hechangedoutofhissuitintojeans.change……for……eg：I’dliketochangethisdressforanother.forachange换个口味②clothes衣服，服装（pl.）putonone’sclothes穿衣服；takeoffone’sclothes脱衣inone’sbestclothes穿着盛装eg：Fineclothesmaketheman.马靠鞍装人靠衣裳。③clothing衣着、服装(集合名词，指做单数，示区别于其他事物的抽象概念。)food,clothingandshelter衣食住行shelter[ˈʃeltə]n.掩蔽处；住所；保护vt.庇护vi.躲避eg：Youshouldgiveallthisoldclothingaway.你应该把这老款衣服丢掉。④cloth（u）布（料）；（c）某种用途的布eg：IwantedtohaveasuitmadesoIboughtthreeandahalfyardsofcloth.我想做一套西服因此买了三码半的布料。3.Now,dressedinablueuniformandwitharifleoverhisshoulder,theprisonermarchedboldlyupanddowninfrontofthecamp.dressed是过去分词，dressedinablueuniform是过去分词短语作伴随状语，表示穿着蓝军装。witharifleoverhisshoulder,with表示伴随情况，介词短语作伴随状语march一般用于指部队“行军”、“行进”，但在这里它表示“（威风凛凛/从容不迫地）走”或“迅速地走”：

eg:Janemarchedoutoftheroomwithoutsayingaword.

简一言未发，快步走出了房问。upanddown1）上上下下eg：Theboyswentupanddownthestonesteps.男孩子们在石阶上上下下走着。2）来来去去eg：Herestlesslywalkedupanddownthehall.他不安地在大厅走来走去。eg：Shewanderedupanddownthestreet.她在马路上来回的溜跶。4.Hecouldhearshoutinginthecampitself.Lightswereblazingandmenwererunninghereandthere.lightswereblazing灯火通明hereandthere到处、四处eg：Hewalkedhereandtherenotknowingwhattodo.他到处乱转不知该如何是好。hereandnow立刻eg：Imustbepaidhereandnow.我要求现在就付钱给我。5.Theyhadjustdiscoveredthataprisonerhadescaped.Atthatmoment,alargeblackcarwithfourofficersinsideit,stoppedatthecampgates.stopat在……停下来stopin＝stopby逗留于、留在；paysbashortvisitdropinon＝dropby顺便来访,非正式访问6.Theofficersgotoutandtheprisonerstoodtoattentionandsalutedastheypassed.standtoattention立正＝cometoattentionvi.采取立正姿势eg：Attention！立正eg：Attention,please！请注意！（有事奉告）；eg：Standatease！稍息standatattention/ease立正/稍息salute敬礼eg：Thesoldiersalutedsmartly.那个士兵行礼很有精神takethesalute还礼、接受敬礼区别：greet欢迎、迎接、打招呼eg：Hewenttothestationtogreethisfriend.他去到车站迎接他的朋友。7.Whentheyhadgone,thedriverofthecarcametowardshim.Themanobviouslywantedtotalk.Hewasratherelderlywithgreyhairandclearblueeyes.clear1）adj.清澈的、透明的eg：Thewaterinthestreamwasveryclear.溪流里的水很清澈stream[stri:m]n.小河，溪流；流，v.涌流(出)agirlwithcleareyes.有着清澈眼神的女孩子2）adj.明了的、易了解的aclearvoice清晰可辨的声音eg：Hisinstructionswereveryclear.他讲述的条理（教学(导)）非常清楚。3）adj.无障碍的aclearspace空地；aclearview开放的视野eg：Wecancrossnow.Theroadisclear.路上没车了，我们可以过马路了。4）adj.明朗的、无云的onaclearday晴朗的一天5）adj.问心无愧的，无罪的aclearconscience清白的良心6）v.收拾、清除eg：Cleartherubbish,please.请收拾垃圾。clearadesk清除书桌；clearup天空放晴eg：Theskyclearedupjustaftertherain.雨后天空开始放晴clearout收拾（房间）；整理；eg:Clearoutoldclothes清除旧衣服clearancen.收拾、整理；clearancesale清理大甩卖clear-headedadj.头脑清晰的8.Theprisonerfeltsorryforhim,buttherewasnothingelsehecoulddo.hecoulddo是定语从句，修饰nothingelse,没有什么能做的事情，表示他无能为力，没有别的办法。9.Asthemancamenear,theprisonerknockedhimtothegroundwithasharpblow.Then,jumpingintothecar,hedroveoffasquicklyashecould.jump跳、蹦、跃1）v.向……跳、跃eg：Hejumpedup.jumpdownfromtheroof.从屋顶上跳下来jumpintoabus跳上一辆公共汽车jumpasidevi.跳开(闪开)；jumpforjoy欢欣鼓舞,高兴得跳起来jumptoone’sfeet跳起来jumpat欣然答应eg：Hejumpedatmyoffer.他欣然接受我的提议jumptoconclusions草率下结论2）n.跳、跳跃thehighjump跳高；thelongjump＝thebroadjump跳远thepolejump撑竿跳3）n.心跳giveapersonajump使……..吓一跳beonejumpahead＝stayonejumpahead抢先一步driveoff＝driveaway开走drivesbtodosth迫使某人去做…eg：Povertydrovehimtosteal.贫穷逼得他去偷窃。drivesbmad逼得某人发疯eg：Thedeathofhersondrovehermad.她儿子的死亡把她逼疯了。eg：Failuredrovehimtosuicide.失败逼得他自杀。driveat想说，打算eg：Whatareyoudrivingat？你到底想说什么？6.cometowardssb6.cometowardssb7.feelsorryforsb8.knocksbtotheground9.driveoff10.asquicklyashecould1.dragsbintosp2.changeinto3.upanddown4.atthatmoment5.standtoattention【Keystructures：介词at/in/to/with】draginto拖入；changeinto变成,改穿；jumpinto跳进……里bedressedin穿着atthatmoment就在那时；stopatthecampgates停在军营门口amanwithgreyhair头发灰白的男子acarwithfourofficers一辆里面坐了4个军官amanwitharifleoverhisshoulder一个人扛步枪在他的肩上knocksbtothegroundwithasharpblow将某人击倒在地【SpecialDifficulties】区别cloth/clothing/clothes,salute/greet,clear/clean的用法Exercise：选择正确的词或词组填空：1.Theguardsalutedthegeneral.2.Whenthecanalwasclear,theshipwentthrough.3.Iboughtapieceofclothtomakeadress.4.Ihaven’tboughtanynewclothesforyears5.Th