2024届高考英语二轮复习：精读高考真题（十一）阅读理解导学案

精读高考真题(十一）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.28.WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.

D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.30.Whateffectwould"TruckloadofPlastic"haveonviewers?A.Calming.B.DisturbingCRefreshingD.Challenging.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。主要讲述了艺术家VonWong把塑料垃圾制作成引人深思的雕塑，从而引发公众对流入海洋中的塑料垃圾的关注，唤起人们的环保意识。三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语1.tonnen.公吨(等于1,000千克)（=metricton）2.ecosystemn.生态系统（eco-用于名词或形容词前，构成名词或形容词，表示“环境的”、“生态的”）oceanecosystems海洋生态系统systemn.系统，体系strawn.（麦秆状）吸管（熟词生义）makeadifference(to...)（对......)产生区别、有影响、有关系、有重要作用makenodifference(to...)（对......)不产生区别，无影响，无关系，无重要作用build...outof...由......建成......massivesculptures巨大的雕塑forcesb.todo/intodoingsth.迫使某人做某事re-examinevt.再次检查，重新考虑examinevt.检查，诊察，测验relationshipto...与......的关系single-useadj.一次性的，供一次使用的（合成词）atthebeginning(of...)（在......）最初/起初apiece(of...)一件（......）Strawpocalypsen.末日吸管（由“straw”与“apocalypse”构成的合成词）apocalypsen.世界覆灭；世界末日frozenadj.冻硬的，凝固住的，一动不动的（分词形容词）freezev.(使）结冰，（使）停住不动mid-crashn.撞击过程中，将要撞击（mid-构成名词或形容词，表示“句中”、“在中间”）bemadeof...由......制成cleanupn.清扫，清除（动词转名词）beachcleanups海滩清理活动cleanup打扫干净，清理makeone’sfirstappearance首次亮相19.bynomeans绝不，一点也不20.firen.猛烈的批评（或抨击、指责）（熟词生义）comeunderfire受到抨击artworkn.艺术品（合成词）likelyadv.很可能goneadj.用完的，一去不复反的（分词形容词）truckloadn.一货车（的量）（合成词）atruckload'sworthof...一卡车（量）的......work(C)n.作品，著作（熟词生义）titlevt.给（书等）加标题（名词转动词）tie...together把......绑在一起allatonce同时，一起help(to)dosth.帮助做某事，有助于做某事pressurevt.向（某人）施加压力，强制（名词转动词）pressure...todo/intodoing...迫使......做......footprintn.足迹（合成词）intendedadj.意欲达到的，打算好的，计划好的，设计好的（分词形容词）beintendedfor...为......设计的，给......用的intendvt.想要，打算beautifyvt.美化（-ify/fy接在名词、形容词后构成动词，表示“使成为......”、“......化”、“成为......”）beautyn.(U)美，(C)美人、美好的事物、美好之处eco-friendlyadj.环保的draw/callattentionto...使/吸引人们注意......voicevt.表达，吐露（名词动词化）voiceone’sviews(on...)表达（关于......的）观点haveaneffecton...对......产生影响，对......产生效果disturbingadj.令人不安的（分词形容词）disturbvt打扰，扰乱，使不安refreshingadj.使人精神振奋的，令人耳目一新的（分词形容词）refreshvt.使心情愉快，使精神振奋transform...into...使......改变为......四、关键结构和长难句1.ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.does代替前面的makeadifference。助动词do(does/did)可用作替代词，代替前面提到的动词及其连带成分，以避免重复。E.g.\o"/dict/search?q=Although&FORM=BDVSP6&cc=cn"“MayIcomeroundinthemorning?”“Yes,pleasedo.”“上午我可以来你家串门吗？”“是的，可以。”（do代替comeroundinthemorning）TheDemocratsbelievetheycanspendyourmoneybetterthanyoucan.Wedon’t.民主党人以为他们花你们的钱能够比你们自己花得更好。（do代替believetheycanspendyourmoneybetterthanyoucan.）“Haveyoufinishedyourwork?”“Yes,Ididyesterday.”“你完成你的工作了吗？”“做完了，我昨天做完的。”（did代替finishedmyhomework）【参考译文】艺术家本杰明·冯·王(BenjaminVonWong)想让你知道，它确实如此。Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts是现在分词短语做状语，表示结果，其逻辑主语是buildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage这件事，相当于一个which引导的非限制性定语从句：whichforcesviewersore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.。E.g.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。（=...populations,whichgreatlyreducedwaterfowlhabitat）MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一地到另一地更加容易。（=MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,whichmakesitmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.）【参考译文】他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.madeof...是过去分词短语形式作定语，修饰句子主语thesculpture；collectedfrom...是过去分词短语形式作定语，修饰前面的plasticstraws，相当于定语从句：whichwerecollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups。【参考译文】这尊雕像由16.8万根从几次志愿清理海滩活动中收集来的塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市埃斯特拉购物中心。Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.1).本句整体上是but并列的两个并列句；but后面的分句中还有一个because引导的状语从句；在这个状语从句中又有and并列的两个并列句。2).todrinkwith是动词不定式形式作定语，修饰前面的them。当动词不定式充当定语，并与它所修饰的名词或代词在语义上存在着动宾关系，动词不定式中的动词与其所修饰的名词或代词不能构成动宾结构时，需加上适当的介词。E.g.There

are

five

pairs

tochoosefrom,

but

I'm

at

a

loss

which

to

buy.有五双鞋供选择，但我不知道买那一双。AtonetimepeoplethoughtthatMinnesotawasnotagoodplacetolivein.

过去人们曾认为明尼苏达州不是一个居住的好地方。【参考译文】塑料吸管绝不是塑料污染的最大的来源，但他们最近受到抨击，因为大多数人不需要用他们喝，因为他们的小尺寸和重量,他们不能被回收。Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.1).that'spartofVonWong'sartwork是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词straw在从句中做主语。2).partof...意为“......的（不可分割的）一部分”，前面通常不加冠词。但当part前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词。E.g.Asenseofhumorispartofahealthypersonality.幽默感是健康性格的一部分。Heusedtosayreligiouswaspartofthecapitalistsystem.他过去常说宗教是资本主义制度的一部分。Alargepartoftheestatewenttotheelderson.大部分财产都给了大儿子。作主语时，谓语动词和of后面的名词或代词的形式一致。E.g.PartofwhatI’msearchingforisareasonforthatslowing.我正在查找的一部分就是慢下来的原因。Thegreaterpartofapplesarebad.打部分苹果是坏的。3).thatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词drink在从句中做宾语。【参考译文】冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.1).once用作连词，引导一个状语从句时，意为“一旦......”。E.g.Onceyoustarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.一旦你开始更健康的饮食，控制体重就会变得容易得多。Oncetheydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.一旦学生们决定了上哪所大学，他们就应该研究一下办理入学的手续。.本句中的take意为“花费、占用（时间、钱、精力等）”，句子主语thestraw是动词不定式todisappear中disappear的主语。可变为：Oncethedrinkisgone,itwilltakethestrawcenturiestodisappear.或Oncethedrinkisgone,itwilltakecenturiesforthestrawtodisappear.在“sb/sthtakes/took...+动词不定式”结构中，sb/sth就是动词不定式的逻辑主语，可改为“Ittakes/tooksb/sth...+动词不定式”结构或“Ittakes/took...forsb/sth+动词不定式”结构。E.g.Itooktwohourstoreadthenovel.我花了两个小时读那部小说。（=Ittookmetwohourstoreadthenovel.或Ittooktwooursformetoreadthenovel.）Fontaineonlytookaninstanttomakeuphismind.封登只用了一瞬间，就下定了主意。（=IttookFontaineonlyaninstanttomakeuphismind.或IttookonlyaninstantforFontainetomakeuphismind.）有时句子的主语还可以是动词不定式中动词的宾语。E.g.Thehousewilltakeallweektoclean.房子要花整个星期才能打扫干净。（=Itwilltakeallweektocleanthehouse.或Itwilltakeallweekforthehousetobecleaned.）Theferrytookthemfivehourstounload.渡船用了他们五小时才卸完。（=Ittookthemfivehourstounloadtheferry.或Ittookfivehoursfortheferrytobeunloaded.）【参考译文】一旦饮料饮用完了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce..titled“TruckloadofPlastic”是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰work。whichwastitled"TruckloadofPlastic,"E.g.Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsusedindailyconversations.有些语言，100个词汇就占了日常会话中的使用的一半词汇。2).whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代替先行词morethan10,000piecesofplastic在从句中做主语。3).tolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce是动词不定式短语做状语，表目的。E.g.Groupactivitieswillbeorganizedafterclasstohelpchildrendevelopteamspirit.将组织各种团体活动以帮助儿童培养团队精神。IstoppedthecartotakeashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.我停下车进行短暂的休息，因为我感到累了。4).they’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce是一个宾语从句，省略了that。【参考译文】为了这件名为“

一卡车塑料”

的作品，VonWong

和一组志愿者收集了1

万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，为了看起来就像是从卡车上一下子扔下来的一样。【答案】CABD【附：学案】精读高考真题(十一）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled"TruckloadofPlastic,"VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.28.WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.

D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.30.Whateffectwould"TruckloadofPlastic"haveonviewers?A.Calming.B.DisturbingCRefreshingD.Challenging.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures（2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是________，主题语境为__________。主要讲述了____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语1.tonnen.2.ecosystemn.oceanecosystemssystemn.strawn.makeadifference(to...)makenodifference(to...)build...outof...massivesculpturesforcesb.todo/intodoingsth.re-examinevt.examinevt.relationshipto...single-useadj.atthebeginning(of...)apiece(of...)Strawpocalypsen.apocalypsen.frozenadj.freezev.mid-crashn.bemadeof...cleanupn.beachcleanupscleanupmakeone’sfirstappearancebynomeans20.firen.comeunderfire21.artworkn.22.likelyadv.23.goneadj.24.truckloadn.atruckload'sworthof...work(C)n.titlevt.tie...togetherallatoncehelp(to)dosth.pressurevt.pressure...todo/intodoing...footprintn.intendedadj.beintendedfor...intendvt.beautifyvt.beautyn.eco-friendlyadj.draw/callattentionto...voicevt.voiceone’sviews(on...)haveaneffecton...disturbingadj.disturbvtrefreshingadj.refreshvt.transform...into...四、关键结构和长难句1.ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.does代替前面的___________。助动词do(does/did)可用作替代词，代替前面提到的_________________，以避免重复。E.g.\o"/dict/search?q=Although&FORM=BDVSP6&cc=cn"“MayIcomeroundinthemorning?”“Yes,please_______.”“上午我可以来你家串门吗？”“是的，可以。”（do代替___________________）TheDemocratsbelievetheycanspendyourmoneybetterthanyoucan.We_____.民主党人以为他们花你们的钱能够比你们自己花得更好。（do代替_______________________________）“Haveyoufinishedyourwork?”“Yes,I_________yesterday.”“你完成你的工作了吗？”“做完了，我昨天做完的。”（did代替___________________）【译文】_____________________________________________。Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts是____________做____语，表示_______，其逻辑主语是__________________________，相当于一个________引导的_______________：__________________viewersore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.。E.g.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatly_____________waterfowlhabitat.数百万英亩的湿地被抽干来解决不断增长的人口的吃与住，这极大地减少了水禽的栖息地。（=...populations,___________________waterfowlhabitat）MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_________itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.更多的高速公路已在中国被建成，这使得人们从一地到另一地更加容易。（=MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,______________itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.）【译文】__________________________________________________。3.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.madeof...是_______________形式作_____语，修饰__________________；collectedfrom...是_______________形式作________________语，修饰前面的_______________，相当于____________从句：whichwerecollected______________________fromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups。【译文】_______________________________________________________。4.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsourceofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.1).本句整体上是but并列的两个________句；but后面的分句中还有一个because引导的__________从句；在这个状语从句中又有and并列的两个___________句。2).todrinkwith是_____________形式作_______语，修饰前面的_________。当动词不定式充当定语，并与它所修饰的名词或代词在语义上存在着动宾关系，动词不定式中的动词与其所修饰的名词或代词不能构成动宾结构时，需加上适当的________。E.g.There

are

five

pairs

_________________,

but

I'm

at

a

loss

which

to

buy.有五双鞋供选择，但我不知道买那一双。AtonetimepeoplethoughtthatMinnesotawasnotagoodplace________.

过去人们曾认为明尼苏达州不是一个居住的好地方。【译文】_______________________________________________________。Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.1).that'spartofVonWong'sartwork是一个________从句，__________词that代替_________词straw在从句中做________语。2).partof...意为________________，前面通常________冠词。但当part前面有形容词修饰时通常要加冠词。E.g.Asenseofhumoris_________ahealthypersonality.幽默感是健康性格的一部分。Heusedtosayreligiouswas__________thecapitalistsystem.他过去常说宗教是资本主义制度的一部分。___________________theestatewenttotheelderson.大部分财产都给了大儿子。作主语时，谓语动词和____________________的形式一致。E.g.PartofwhatI’msearchingfor______areasonforthatslowing.我正在查找的一部分就是慢下来的原因。Thegreaterpartofapples__________bad.打部分苹果是坏的。3).thatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes是一个_____________从句，_______词that代替__________词drink在从句中做________语。【译文】_____________________________________________________。Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.1).once用作连词，引导一个状语从句时，意为________________。E.g._______youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.一旦你开始更健康的饮食，控制体重就会变得容易得多。_____________theydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.一旦学生们决定了上哪所大学，他们就应该研究一下办理入学的手续。.本句中的take意为______________________，句子主语thestraw是动词不定式todisappear中disappear的______语。可变为：Oncethedrinkisgone,___________________thestrawcenturies_____________.或Oncethedrinkisgone,___________________centuri