PMI培训资料：空气冷却器Air cooler

空气冷却器Aircooler加氢分部空冷器简述

空气冷却器是以环境空气作为冷却介质，横掠翅片管外，使管内高温工艺流体得到冷却或冷凝的设备，简称“空冷器”。采用空气冷却器代替水冷却器进行介质的冷凝冷却不仅可以节约用水，还可以减少水污染。此外还具有维护费用低、运转安全可靠、使用寿命长等优点。在炼油厂和石油化工厂的冷换设备中，空气冷却器成为不可或缺的一类设备。其应用范围包含了塔顶油气冷凝到汽油、柴油冷却的各种不同工况。在化学工业、电力、冶金等行业，空气冷却器也有着广泛的应用。BriefdescriptionofaircoolerAircooleristheambientairasacoolingmedium,crossedthefinnedtube,thetubeofhightemperatureprocessfluidtobecooledorcondensedequipment,referredtoas"aircooler."

Theuseofaircoolersinsteadofwatercoolersformediumcoolingcannotonlysavewater,butalsocanreducewaterpollution.Inaddition,ithastheadvantagesoflowmaintenancecost,safeandreliableoperationandlongservicelife.

Inoilrefineriesandpetrochemicalplantsinthecoldreplacementequipment,aircoolersbecomeanindispensableclassofequipment.Itsscopeofapplicationincludesthetoweroilandgascondensedtogasoline,dieselcoolingavarietyofdifferentconditions.Inthechemicalindustry,electricity,metallurgyandotherindustries,aircooleralsohasawiderangeofapplications.空冷器的基本部件管束：由管箱、翅片管和框架的组合件组成。需要冷却或冷凝的流体在管内通过，空气在管外横掠流过翅片管束，对热流体进行冷却或冷凝换热；轴流风机：一个或几个为一组的轴流风机，驱使空气的流动；构架：空气冷却器管束及风机的支撑部件；

附件：有百叶窗、蒸汽盘管、梯子、平台等。ThebasiccomponentsoftheaircoolerTubebundle:consistsofacombinationofatubebox,afinnedtubeandaframe.

Thefluidthatneedstobecooledorcondensedpassesthroughthetube,

Theairispassingthroughthefinsofthetube,againsttheheat

Fluidforcoolingorcondensingheattransfer;

Axialfans:oneorseveralforagroupofaxialfans,driven

Airflow;

Frame:aircoolertubebundleandfansupportcomponents;

Accessories:ablind,steamcoil,ladder,platformandsoon.空气冷却器部件示意

Aircoolercomponentsareindicated空冷器的分类按空冷器管束布置型式分类：水平式空冷器斜顶式空冷器立式空冷器圆环式空冷器ClassificationofaircoolersAccordingtotheaircoolertubelayouttype:

Horizontalaircooler

Slantingtypeaircooler

Verticalaircooler

Circleaircooler空冷器的分类按空冷器通风方式分类：自然通风式空冷器鼓风式空冷器引风式空冷器ClassificationofaircoolersAccordingtotheaircoolerventilationclassification:

Naturalventilationtypeaircooler

Bloweraircooler

Ventilatedaircooler空冷器的分类按空冷器冷却方式分类：干式空冷器湿式空冷器干－湿联合空冷器两侧喷淋联合空冷器；ClassificationofaircoolersAccordingtotheaircoolercoolingmethodclassification:

Dryaircooler

Wetaircooler

Dry-wetcombinedaircooler

Sprayonbothsidesofthejointaircooler;空冷器的分类按空冷器风量控制方式分类：百叶窗调节式空冷器可变角调节式空冷器电机调速式空冷器ClassificationofaircoolersAccordingtotheaircoolerairflowcontrolclassification:

ShutterAdjustableAirCooler

Variableangleadjustableaircooler

Motorspeedcontrolaircooler空冷器的基本类型

Thebasictypeofaircooler水平式的结构型式Horizontaltypeofstructure水平引风式Induceddraft-Horizontalstyle水平鼓风式Blowertype-Horizontalstyle结构特点及使用场合

Structuralfeaturesanduseoftheoccasion结构形式structuretype适用场合及特点Applicableoccasionsandcharacteristics优缺点Advantagesanddisadvantages水平鼓风式Blowertype-Horizontalstyle

适用于任何场合。管束水平放置，为了防止冷凝液停留在管中，管子应有3°或1％的倾斜。鼓风式风机叶轮是水平放置，置于管束下方，进入叶片的是冷空气。Applytoanyoccasion.Horizontallydisposedtubebundle,inordertopreventcondensatestaysinthetube,thetubeshouldbe1%or3°inclination.

Blowerfanimpellerisplacedhorizontally,placedunderthetubebundle,intotheleavesofthecoldair.优点是：

结构简单，安装方便，管内热流体和管外空气分布比较均匀。缺点是：

占地面积比较大，管内流动阻力较斜顶式大。Advantagesare:?Simplestructure,easyinstallation,thetubeheatfluidandtubeoutsidetheairdistributionisrelativelyuniform.Disadvantagesare:?Areaisrelativelylarge,theflowresistancewithinthetubethantheslopingroof.水平引风式Induceddraft-Horizontalstyle引风式风机叶轮是水平放置，置于管束上方，进入叶片的是热空气。Thewindturbineimpellerisplacedhorizontally,placedabovethetubebundle,intotheleavesofthehotair.空冷器的基本类型

Thebasictypeofaircooler直立式的结构形式Theverticalstructure风机水平放置式Fansplacedhorizontally风机垂直放置式Thefanisplacedvertically结构特点及使用场合

Structuralfeaturesanduseoftheoccasion结构形式structuretype适用场合及特点Applicableoccasionsandcharacteristics优缺点Advantagesanddisadvantages风机叶轮水平放置Fanimpellerplacedhorizontally

管束立放。风机叶轮可垂直或水平放置。多用于湿式空冷，干湿联合空冷。安置方向应于平时的风向配合，一般用于气体冷凝冷却，也适用于真空系统。进入叶片的是热空气或增湿后的热空气。Tubebundle.Thefanimpellercanbeplacedverticallyorhorizontally.Usedforwetair-cooled,dryandwetair-cooled.Placementshouldbeintheusualwinddirection,generallyusedforgascondensationcooling,alsoappliestothevacuumsystem.Intotheleavesarehotairorhotairafterhumidification.优点是：结构紧凑，占地面积小。管内热流体阻力较水平式小。缺点是：

管束内空气分布不均匀，易受到外界自然风的干扰；管束不易太长，否则其刚度下降。另外结构略微复杂。Theadvantageis:

Compactstructure,smallfootprint.Tubeheat

Fluidresistanceissmallerthanhorizontal.

Disadvantagesare:

Theairdistributionwithinthetubeisunevenandsusceptible

Outsidethenaturalwindinterference;tubebundleisnoteasytoolong,

Otherwiseitsstiffnessdecreases.Inadditionthestructureisslightlycomplicated.风机叶轮垂直放置Thefanimpellerisplacedvertically空冷器的基本类型

Thebasictypeofaircooler斜置式的结构型式Obliquestructuretype风机为引风式Fortheinduceddraftfan风机为鼓风式Fortheforceddraftfan结构特点及使用场合

Structuralfeaturesanduseoftheoccasion结构形式适用场合及特点优缺点风机为鼓风式Fortheforceddraftfan适用于任何场合。鼓风式风机叶轮是水平放置，置于管束下方，进入叶片的是冷空气。Applytoanyoccasion.Blowerfanimpellerisplacedhorizontally,placedunderthetubebundle,intotheleavesofthecoldair.优点是：

管内热流体和管外空气分布比较均匀。传热系数比水平式略高。管内流动阻力小。占地面积较小。缺点是：

结构略复杂。Advantagesare:pipeheatfluidandtubeoutsidetheairdistributionisrelativelyuniform.Theheattransfercoefficientisslightlyhigherthanthehorizontal.Tubeflowresistanceissmall.Smallfootprint.

Thedownsideisthatthestructureisslightlycomplicated.风机为引风式Fortheinduceddraftfan管束斜放呈人字形，夹角一般在60°左右，百叶窗至于管束上方，风机置于管束上方空间的中央。Tubebundleobliquewasherringbone,theangleisgenerallyaround60°,blindsasthetopofthetube,thefanplacedinthemiddleofthespaceabovethetubebundle.空冷器的翅片管

空冷器翅片管类型有：有L型翅片管LL型翅片管G型（镶嵌式）翅片管KL滚花型翅片管DR型双金属轧制翅片管TC型椭圆管套矩形片翅片管T60型板翅片翅片管等结构形式。CoolerfinnedtubeAircoolerfinnedtubetype:

ThereareL-finnedtubes

LLtypefinnedtube

Gtype(mosaic)finnedtube

KLknurledfinnedtube

DRtypebimetallicrollingfinnedtube

TCTypeOvalSleeveRectangularFinFinnedTube

T60-typefinnedfinsandotherstructuralforms.空冷器的管箱空冷器管箱型式有：丝堵型管箱可卸盖板管箱集合管式管箱可卸帽盖板管箱全焊接圆帽管箱整体锻造管箱等结构形式AircoolertubeboxAircoolertubeboxtype:

Headertypeplugs

Removablecovertubebox

Settubetube

Removablecapplate

Fullyweldedroundcaptubebox

Thewholeforgingpipeboxandotherstructuralforms空冷器的风机基本型式

空冷器的风机按运行方式主要分为：

1）引风式空气先经过管束再至风机。引风式风机的优点有：

1.气流分布均匀，

2.噪音较小，

3.管束下部空间可以利用，缺点有：

1.风机安装在管束的上部，受管束高温的影响，不利于维护风机。

2.经管束后进入风机的空气温度较高，故引风式比鼓风式消耗功率约大10%。3.管束需从下部检修，操作不方便。BasictypeofairblowerfanAircoolerfanbyoperatingmodeisdividedinto:

1)windstyle

Theairpassesthroughthetubeandthenthefan.

Theadvantagesofwind-drivenfansare:

1.Airdistributionevenly,

2.Noiseissmall,

3.Tubebundlelowerspacecanbeused,

Disadvantagesare:

1.Faninstalledintheupperpartofthetubebundle,theimpactofhightemperaturetube,isnotconducivetomaintainingthefan.

2.Afterthetubeintothefanaftertheairtemperatureishigher,sothewindtypethantheblastpowerconsumptionofabout10%.3.Tubebundlefromthelowermaintenance,operationisnotconvenient.空冷器的风机基本型式2）鼓风式空气先经过风机再至管束。鼓风式风机的优点有：

1.易于产生湍流，对传热有利。

2.操作费用较低。

3.可以从上部检修管束，操作方便。缺点有：

1.气流分布不均匀。

2.管束上部敞开容易受日光和雨水的影响。Basictypeofairblowerfan2)blaststyle

Theairpassesthroughthefanandthenthetube.

Theadvantagesoftheblastfanare:

1.Easytoproduceturbulence,goodforheattransfer.

2.Lowoperatingcosts.

3.Canbemanagedfromtheuppertubebundle,easytooperate.

Disadvantagesare:

1.Airdistributionisuneven.

2.Theupperpartofthetubebundleissusceptibletosunlightandrain.空冷器风机的基本型式空冷器的风机按调节方式主要分为：

1）调角式停机手调；运转中手调；运转中以压缩空气遥控或以仪表自控。

2）调速式运转中遥控，或以仪表自控。空冷器的风机按联接方式方式主要分为：

1）直接传动效率最高，适用于调速控制风机。

2）齿轮传动运行可靠、效率较高，构造较复杂，噪声较大。

3）皮带轮传动调速式结构较简单、效率略低，噪声忽略不计，但皮带需要更换ThebasictypeofaircoolerfanAircoolerfanaccordingtotheadjustmentmethodisdividedinto:

1)angle

Shutdownthehandle;operationinthehand;operationtocompressedairremotecontrolorinstrumentationcontrol.

2)speedcontrol

Runningremotecontrol,orinstrumentationcontrol.

Aircoolerfanbywayofconnectionisdividedinto:

1)directdrive

Thehighestefficiency,suitableforspeedcontrolfan.

2)geartransmission

Reliableoperation,highefficiency,morecomplexstructure,thelargernoise.

3)pulleydrivespeedcontrol

Thestructureissimpler,theefficiencyisslightlylower,thenoiseisnegligible,butthebeltneedstobereplaced表面蒸发式空冷器表面蒸发式空冷器，其结构由水箱、光管管束、喷淋除雾、预冷、风机等零部件组成，是一种将水冷与空冷，传热与传质过程融为一体，且兼有两者之长的新型、高效冷却设备，具有结构紧凑、传热效率高、投资省、操作费用低、安装维护方便、占地面积小等特点，适用于炼油、化工、冶金、制冷、轻工、电力等行业，其原理是管外水膜的蒸发强化传热，即从目前普通空冷的显热传热升华为潜热传热。SurfaceevaporativeaircoolerSurfaceevaporativeaircooler,itsstructureconsistsofwatertank,lightpipebundle,sprayde-fog,pre-cooling,fanandothercomponents,isawater-cooledandair-cooled,heattransferandmasstransferprocessintegration,andbothThenew,efficientcoolingequipment,withacompactstructure,highheattransferefficiency,investmentintheprovince,lowoperatingcosts,easyinstallationandmaintenance,smallfootprintandothercharacteristics,suitableforrefining,chemical,metallurgical,refrigeration,lightindustry,Powerandotherindustries,theprincipleisthetubeoutsidethewaterfilmevaporationenhancedheattransfer,thatis,fromthecurrentordinaryair-cooledheattransfersublimationlatentheattransfer表面蒸发式空冷器结构图

SurfaceEvaporativeAirCoolerStructure表面蒸发式空冷器的优缺点

其优点是：可使介质冷却至环境温度+5℃；占地面积节省1倍以上；操作费用节省35.5%；投资费用节省15%；传热效率提高40%以上；适用于温度<170℃，压力<20MPa的场合；节水、节电效果显著；特别适合于目前全球气温变暖、水源紧张的情况；适应于常减压、气分、催化、烷基化、酮苯、丙烷、乙烯、重整、加氢、天然气等装置塔顶及侧线的冷凝冷却场合。缺点：1.必须采用软化水；2.压降<0.001MPa的场合不能使用，如减顶冷凝、冷却。AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofSurfaceEvaporativeAirCoolersItsadvantagesare:

a)Themediumcanbecooledtoambienttemperature+5°C;

b)Coversanareaofmorethan1times;

c)Operatingcostsavingsof35.5%;

d)15%savingsininvestmentcosts;

e)Heattransferefficiencyincreasedby40%ormore;

f)Applicabletothetemperature<170℃,thepressure<20MPaoftheoccasion;

g)Saving,energysavingeffectisremarkable;

h)Especiallyforthecurrentglobalwarming,watershortagesituation;

i)Itissuitableforcondensingandcoolingoftowertopandsidelineofnormaldecompression,gas,catalytic,alkylation,ketone,propane,ethylene,reforming,hydrogenationandnaturalgas.

Disadvantages:

1.mustusesoftenedwater;

2.Pressuredrop<0.001MPaoccasionscannotbeused,suchasreducedcondensation,cooling板式空冷器

板式空冷器，是由板束、风机、水箱、喷淋等零部件组成，是国际领先技术水平的空冷器，具有国内自主知识产权的技术，是一种将板式换热器与空冷器优点相结合的新型高效空冷器，即具有节水效果好、环境污染小，又具有传热效率高、结构紧凑、压降小、体积小、占地小、重量轻、流通面积大等优点，特别适合于炼油化工、乙烯、电力、冶金、核能、城市集中供热等领域，它采用分体式撬状组合式结构，制造安装、运输、检修均较方便。PlateaircoolerPlateaircooler,iscomposedofplatebundle,fan,watertank,sprayandothercomponents,istheleadinginternationaltechnicallevelofaircooler,withindependentdomesticintellectualpropertyrightstechnology,isaplateheatexchangerandaircooleradvantagesphaseCombinedwithanewtypeofefficientaircooler,thatis,withgoodwater-savingeffect,environmentalpollutionissmall,butalsohasahighheattransferefficiency,compactstructure,smallpressuredrop,smallsize,smallfootprint,lightweight,largecirculationarea,especiallysuitableforInthefieldofrefinerychemical,ethylene,electricity,metallurgy,nuclearenergy,urbancentralheating,itusessplittypepry-typemodularstructure,manufacturinginstallation,transportation,maintenancearemoreconvenient.板式空冷器结构图

Plateaircoolerstructure板式空冷器的优缺点优点：传热系数提高2倍以上；单台（3×3规格）面积可达860㎡；压降小，可达3.23㎜Hg；占地小，是普通空冷的1/6；重量轻，是普通空冷的1/3；设备造价低，可节省10%以上；框架投资节省2倍以上；操作费用可节省2倍以上；清洗方便，操作灵活；寿命提高3倍以上；适用于减压塔顶等塔顶冷凝冷却场合；属国际领先技术水平。缺点：承压≤1.0MPaAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofPlateAirCoolerAdvantage:

Heattransfercoefficientincreasedmorethan2times;

Single(3×3specifications)areaofupto860㎡;

Pressuredropissmall,upto3.23mmHg;

Smallfootprint,istheordinaryair-cooled1/6;

Lightweight,istheordinaryair-cooled1/3;

Equipmentcostislow,cansavemorethan10%;

Frameinvestmentsavingsofmorethan2times;

Operatingcostscansavemorethan2times;

Easytoclean,flexibleoperation;

Lifeexpectancymorethan3times;

Applicabletothetopofthetoweratthetopofthedecompressionandcooling;

Isaleadinginternationaltechnicallevel.

Disadvantages:

Pressure≤1.0MPa空冷器常见的失效型式及检修维护空冷器的常见失效型式：空冷器冷却效果差泄漏风机故障叶片损坏CommonfailuretypeandmaintenanceofaircoolerCommonfailuretypeofaircooler:

Aircoolercoolingeffectispoor

leakage

Fanfailure

Bladeisdamaged1、空冷器冷却效果差的原因及处理

空冷器冷却效果差有以下几个原因：翅片管内壁结垢翅片管堵塞介质不流动翅片结垢翅片管弯曲变形翅片倒伏湿式空冷或联合空冷的翅片管翅片间距过密等对于冷却效果差这类故障主要采取将空冷器切除进行吹扫或清洗（化学清洗或物理清洗）、修复损坏的翅片等方法来解决。1,aircoolercoolingeffectofpoorcausesandtreatmentAircoolercoolingeffectdifferenceforthefollowingreasons:

Finnedtubewallfouling

Thefinnedtubedoesnotflow

Finsfouling

Finnedtubebendingdeformation

Thefinsarelodging

Wetair-cooledorcombinedair-cooledfinnedfinsaretootight

Forthecoolingeffectofsuchfailuremainlytotaketheaircoolercutinto

Linepurgeorcleaning(chemicalcleaningorphysicalcleaning),repairdamage

Ofthefinsandothermethodstosolve.2、空冷器换热管泄漏的原因及处理

空冷器换热管泄漏的主要原因：腐蚀在石油炼制过程中，对设备产生腐蚀的物质主要有：硫的化合物、无机盐类、环烷酸、氮的化合物等。这些杂质虽然含量很少，但危害却极大。此外在原油加工过程中加入的溶剂及酸碱化学剂也会形成腐蚀介质，加速设备的腐蚀。对于空冷器来说最典型的腐蚀类型就是常减压装置初、常顶冷凝冷却系统及加氢装置分馏塔顶系统的低温(t<120℃)HCl-H2S-H2O形腐蚀。空冷器管束腐蚀（翅片管均匀腐蚀除外）可能发生的部位有：翅片管介质入口处、翅片管向下弯曲变形部位的内壁、湿式空冷器翅片管靠近管箱部位无翅片的外壁、带衬管的翅片管在衬管末端的内壁、有可能产生介质涡流的部位等。干式空冷、联合空冷的管束内壁；湿式空冷翅片管外无翅片部位等管束材质缺陷、选择不当

随著原油性质的不断劣化，近年来原油中的硫含量越来越高，从而也导致了设备的腐蚀不断加剧，因此设备的选材也变得越来越重要，材质选择不当将会导致设备的使用寿命大大降低。管束使用时间较长2,aircoolerheatexchangerleakagecausesandtreatmentAircoolerheatexchangerleakageofthemainreasons:

corrosion

Intheprocessofoilrefining,theequipmenttoproducecorrosionofthemainsubstancesare:sulfurcompounds,inorganicsalts,naphthenicacid,nitrogencompounds.Althoughtheseimpuritiesareverysmall,buttheharmisgreat.Inaddition,thesolventandacid-basechemicalsaddedduringtheprocessingofcrudeoilalsoformcorrosivemediatoacceleratethecorrosionofequipment.Fortheaircooler,themosttypicaltypeofcorrosionisthelowtemperature(t<120°C)HCl-H2S-H2Ocorrosionatthebeginningoftheatmosphericandvacuumdistillationunitandthehydrogenationunit.

Aircoolertubebundlecorrosion(exceptfinnedtubeuniformcorrosion)mayoccuratthelocationofthefinnedtubeattheentranceofthefinnedtubetothebottomofthecurveddeformationoftheinnerwallofthewetaircoolerfintubenearthetubepartofthefinlessTheouterwall,thefinnedtubewiththefinnedtubeattheendoftheinnerwalloftheliner,wheretheeddycurrentmayoccur.Dryair-cooled,combinedair-cooledtubebundlewall;wetair-cooledfinsoutsidethewing-freepartsTubebundlematerialdefects,improperselection

Withthecontinuousdeteriorationofthenatureofcrudeoil,crudeoilinrecentyears,thesulfurcontentisgettinghigherandhigher,whichalsoledtothecorrosionoftheequipmentisincreasing,sotheequipmentselectionhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant,impropermaterialselectionwillleadtoequipmentGreatlyreducedtheservicelife.Tubeusetimeislonger管束泄漏的处理方法1.换热管堵漏空冷器管束经过一段时间的运行后，由于腐蚀等原因造成穿漏，可以采用化学粘补、打卡注胶和堵管等修理方法处理。当换热管泄漏量小时，可在不停车的情况下将管外的翅片除去，然后再进行化学粘补包扎或打卡注胶堵漏；如果不能用上述方法消漏，则应将管束停车吹扫干净，拆开管箱上的丝堵，在换热管两端用角度3°～5°的金属圆台体堵塞，以达到消漏。2.换管当空冷器管束非均匀腐蚀或制造缺陷而泄漏时，可采用换管消漏。首先将要更换的管子拆下，清洗管箱管孔。更换新管时，将管子中间稍拉弯曲，即可从两端管板孔穿入，穿入后进行胀接或焊接。Treatmentofleaks1.Heatexchangerplugging

Aircoolertubeafteraperiodoftimeaftertheoperation,duetocorrosionandotherreasonscausedbyleakage,youcanusechemicalsticky,punchingglueandpluggingandotherrepairmethods.Whentheheattransfertubeleakageissmall,canbeinthecaseofnon-stopthetubetoremovethefins,andthenchemicalstickydressingorpunchingpluggingplugging;ifyoucannotusetheabovemethodtoleak,youshouldstopthetubeClean,openthetubeonthewireblock,intheheattransfertubeatbothendswiththeangleof3°~5°metalringbodyblockage,inordertoachieveleakage.

2.Replacethetube

Whentheaircoolertubebundlenon-uniformcorrosionormanufacturingdefectsandleakage,canbeusedforleakageleakage.Firstremovethetubetobereplaced,cleanthetubetubehole.Replacethenewtube,themiddleofthetubeslightlybent,youcanpenetratefromthetubeholeatbothends,aftertheexpansionoftheexpansionorwelding.空冷器翅片管的管子材料如何选用？

一般来说，翅片管的基管和翅片可采用各种金属材料进行组合，但在具体选用时既要考虑被冷介质的性质，操作条件，也要考虑材料本身的工艺性能、价格等因素。管子的材料一般用碳钢、不锈钢、铜、铝、钛、镍、铜合金、蒙乃尔合金以及碳钢-不锈钢双金属管，也有在碳钢管内衬一层搪瓷。管子材料适用管内介质管子材料适用管内介质碳钢10铬钼钢Cr5Mo、15CrMo、15CrMo不锈钢1Cr18Ni19Ti铝L4

一般油品（汽油、煤油、柴油……）和溶剂含H2S、H2的介质酸性腐蚀介质碳酸介质（含CO、CO2的水溶液等）

应用最多的是无缝钢管。在工作压力和温度较低而对防腐要求又不高的空冷器中，可采用高频焊接的有缝碳钢管，以降低造价。铝和铝合金管子只在低于0.2MPa和150℃条件下使用。Howdoesthetubematerialoftheaircoolerfinnedtubebeused?Ingeneral,thefinnedtubeandfinscanbecombinedwithavarietyofmetalmaterials,butinthespecificselectionofboththenatureofthecoldmediumshouldbeconsidered,operatingconditions,butalsoconsiderthematerialitself,processperformance,price,etc.factor.Thematerialofthepipeisgenerallymadeofcarbonsteel,stainlesssteel,copper,aluminum,titanium,nickel,copperalloy,Monelalloyandcarbonsteel-stainlesssteelbimetallictube.TubematerialMaterialinsidethetubeCarbonsteel10

ChromemolybdenumsteelCr5Mo,15CrMo,15CrMo

Stainlesssteel1Cr18Ni19Ti

AluminumL4Generaloil(gasoline,kerosene,diesel...)andsolvents

ContainsH2S,H2medium

Acidiccorrosivemedia

Carbonicacidmedium(includingCO,CO2aqueoussolution,etc.)Themostwidelyusedisseamlesssteelpipe.Intheworkpressureandtemperatureislowandtheanti-corrosionrequirementsarenothighaircooler,canbeusedhigh-frequencyweldedseamsteelpipetoreducethecost.Aluminumandaluminumalloytubesareusedonlyattemperaturesbelow0.2MPaand150°C.3、风机系统故障原因及处理方法故障表现形式故障原因排除方法电流计指示异常·叶片角度有异常变化；校正安装角后紧固；·自调执行机构失灵；排除定位器和气源线故障；·风机轮毂平衡破环；补校平衡；·皮带松动跳槽；调整皮带张紧力；电机电流过大或温度升高·叶片角度有异常变化；校正安装角后紧固；·轴承座剧烈振动；重新调整正；·电机本身原因；查明原因；·电流单线断电；检查电源是否正常；传动部件异常振动·驱动部件螺钉松动；拧紧螺钉，紧固松动部位；·旋转机构偏心；调整偏心；运转部件有异常声音·轴承磨损；更换轴承；·缺少润滑油；补充润滑油；·回转部件与固定件接触；调整相反位置；·紧固螺钉松动；拧紧螺钉；回转部位过热·缺少润滑油；补充润滑油；·回转部位与非回转部位接触摩察；调整间隙；轴承温升过高·轴承座剧烈振动；重新调整正；·缺少润滑油；补充润滑油；·润滑油变质；更换润滑油；·轴承损环；更换轴承；3,fansystemfailurecausesandtreatmentmethodsFaultformscauseofissueeliminationmethodTheammeterindicatesanabnormality·Bladeangleabnormalchange;Correcttheinstallationangleafterfastening;·Self-regulatedactuatorfailure;Eliminatelocatorandairsupplylinefailure;·Fanhubbalancedamage;Makeupthebalance;·Beltloosening;Adjustthebelttension;Themotorcurrentistoohighorthetemperaturerises·Bladeangleabnormalchange;Correcttheinstallationangleafterfastening;·Seismicvibrationofbearing;Re-adjust·Thecauseofthemotoritself;Identifythecause;·Currentsingle-wirepowerfailure;Checkwhetherthepowersupplyisnormal;Transmissionpartsabnormalvibration·Loosenthedrivepartscrew;Tightenthescrew,fastenthelooseparts;·Rotationmechanismeccentricity;AdjusteccentricityTheoperatingpartshaveabnormalsound·Bearingwear;Replacementofbearings;·LackoflubricantSupplementallubricants;·Therotarymemberisincontactwiththefixingmember;Adjusttheoppositeposition;·Fasteningscrewsloose;Tightenthescrews;Rotatepartsoverheat·LackoflubricantSupplementallubricants;·Rotatingpartsareincontactwithnon-rotatingparts;AdjustthegapBearingtemperatureriseistoohigh·Seismicvibrationofbearing;Re-adjust·Lackoflubrication;Supplementallubricants;·Lubricantdeterioration;Oilchange;·Bearinglossring;Replacementofbearings;4、风机叶片损坏的原因及处理

空冷器风机的叶片制造材料主要有两种：

1.铸铝叶片强度及耐温性均好，但总量因素使其只能用于薄翼型叶片，空气效率较低。

2.玻璃纤维增强塑料（玻璃钢）叶片强度好，耐温性差，一般为空腔薄壁结构或泡沫塑料填充，适用于各种叶型截面，制造精度高，空气效率亦高。叶片损坏原因：叶片安装不当叶片材质缺陷处理方法：重新装配叶片并调整好叶片的角度；每台风机叶片的安装角度应按空冷器单元或组的设计总装图规定的角度，或按操作工况要求的角度安装。叶片角度误差不得大于±0.5°，安装角度的测量部位在叶片的标线位置（叶片出厂时，一般在叶片上涂有黄色或其他颜色标线位置标记）。更换叶片4,fanbladedamagecausesandtreatmentTherearetwomaintypesofblademanufacturingmaterialsforaircoolerfans:

1.castaluminumleaves

Strengthandtemperatureresistancearegood,butthetotalfactorssothatitcanonlybeusedforthinwingblades,airefficiencyislow.

2.Glassfiberreinforcedplastic(FRP)leaves

Goodstrength,poortemperatureresistance,generallyforthecavitythin-walledstructureorfoamfilled,suitableforavarietyofleaf-typecross-section,manufacturinghighprecision,airefficiencyisalsohigh.

BladedamageReason:

Improperbladeinstallation

Leafbladematerialdefects

Approach:

Reassemblethebladesandadjusttheangleoftheblades;theinstallationangleofeachfanbladeshouldbeinstalledattheanglespecifiedbythedesignoftheaircoolerunitorgroup,orattheanglerequiredbytheoperatingconditions.Thebladeangleerrorshouldnotbegreaterthan±0.5°.Themountingangleofthemeasuringpartisatthemarkingpositionoftheblade(leavesareusuallyfactoryedwithyelloworothercolormarkingsontheblade).

Replacetheblade空冷器的检修维护空冷器检修包括哪些主要内容：清扫检查管箱及管束。更换腐蚀严重的管箱丝堵、管箱法兰的联接螺栓及丝堵、法兰垫片。检查修复风筒、百叶窗及喷水设施。处理泄漏的管子。校验安全附件。整体更换管束。对管束进行试压。检查修理轴流风机。AircoolermaintenanceWhatarethemaincontentsoftheaircoolermaintenance:

Cleaningcheckboxandtubebundle.

Replacethecorrosionofthetubeboxwireblock,pipeboxflangeconnectionboltandwireplug,flangegasket.

Checktherepairhairdryer,shuttersandwatersprayfacilities.

Handletheleakedpipe.

Verifysafetyaccessories.

Theoverallreplacementtubebundle.

Testthetubebundle.

Checkandrepairtheaxialfan.空冷器管束的维护注意事项1.检查管束各密封面不得有泄漏现象.如有泄漏时,丝堵式管箱可将丝堵适当拧紧,仍无效果时,应停机更换垫圈或换丝堵（凡需更换垫片或螺接紧固件时,应先停机并将介质防空,然后进行）.2.翅片管端泄漏时,允许将管子重胀.重胀次数不得超过2次,并注意不要过胀.无法用胀接修复时应更换翅片管.作为临时措施,也允许用金属塞堵塞.3.如需到管束表面上检查时,应在翅片管上垫以木板或橡胶板,以免损坏翅片.4.铝翅片如被碰倒时,应用专用工具（扁口钳）扶直.Maintenanceofaircoolertubebundleprecautions1.Checkthetubebundleofthesealingsurfaceshallnotleakphenomenon.Ifthereisleakage,silkplug-typeboxcanbeproperlytightenedsilkplug,stillnoeffect,shouldstopthereplacementofgasketorwireplug(wheretheneedtoreplacethegasketorsnailWhenthefirmwareisconnected,itshouldstopandstoptheairplaneandthenproceed.

2.Whenthefinsareleaked,allowthetubingtobeinflated.Thenumberoftimesofre-inflationshouldnotexceed2timesandbecarefulnottobeinflated.Thefinnedtubecannotbereplacedwithexpansionjoints.Asaninterimmeasure,Clogged.

3.Ifyouwanttocheckthesurfaceofthetube,thefintubeshouldbepadontheboardorrubberplate,soasnottodamagethefins.

4.Whenthealuminumfinsareknockeddown,applyspecialtools(flatpliers)tohelpstraight.空冷器管束的维护注意事项5.定期清除翅片上的尘垢以减少空气阻力,保持冷却能力.清除方法用压力水或压缩蒸汽冲刷.6.检查管束热偿结构工作是否正常,浮动管箱移动必须灵活,不允许有滞卡现象.7.定期维护时,应用蒸汽及水冲刷管束内部,务必将污垢除净.并应检查腐蚀厚度,其值不应超过规定值（碳钢为3毫米）.检查后重新安装时.应更换丝堵垫片及法兰.8.定期维护时,应在管束外表面（不包括翅片表面）涂一层银粉漆.Maintenanceofaircoolertubebundleprecautions5.Regularlyremovethedustonthefinstoreduceairresistanceandkeepthecoolingcapacity.Removethemethodwithwaterorcompressedsteamflushing.

6.Checkthetubebundleheatcompensationstructureisnormal,floatingtubeboxmovementmustbeflexible,notallowedtoslowcardphenomenon.

7.Periodicmaintenance,theapplicationofsteamandwatertowashtheinsideofthetubebundle,besuretoremovethedirtandshouldcheckthecorrosionthickness,thevalueshouldnotexceedthespecifiedvalue(carbonsteelis3mm.)Checkafterre-installationshouldreplacethewireBlocksandflanges.

8.Periodicmaintenance,shouldbeinthetubeoutsidethesurface(notincludingthefinsurface)coatedwithalayerofsilverpaint.空冷器管束操作时应注意的事项1.管内介质、温度、压力均应符合设计条件,严禁超压,超温操作.2.管内升压、升温时,应缓慢逐级递升,以免因冲击驟热而损坏设备.3.空冷器正常操作时,应先开启风机,再向管束内通入介质.停止操作时,应先停止向管束内通入介质,后停风机.4.易凝介质于冬季操作时,其程序与3条相反.Airconditionertubebundleoperationshouldpayattentiontomatters1.Tubemedium,temperature,pressureshouldmeetthedesignconditions,isstrictlyprohibitedoverpressure,over-temperatureoperation.

2.Tubestep-up,heating,shouldbegraduallyincreasedstepbystep,soastoavoidtheimpactofsuddendamagetotheequipment.

3.Normaloperationoftheaircooler,youshouldfirstopenthefan,andthenintothetubebundleintothemedia.Tostoptheoperation,youshouldfirststopthetubeintothemedia,afterthefan.

4.Easytoclearthemediainthewinteroperation,theprogramandtheoppositeofthree.空冷器管束操作时应注意的事项5.负压操作的空冷器开机时,应先开启抽气器,管内达到规定的真空度时再启动风机,然后通入管内介质,停机时,按相反程序操作.冬季操作时,开启抽气器达到规定真空度后,先通入管内介质,再启动风机,以免管内冻结无法运行.6.停车时,应用低压蒸汽吹扫并排净凝液,以免冻结和腐蚀.7.开车前应将浮动管箱两端的紧定螺钉卸掉,保证浮动管箱在运行过程中可自由移动,以补偿翅片管热胀冷说的变形量.Airconditionertubebundleoperationshouldpayattentiontomatters5.Thenegativepressureoperationoftheairco