Unit2HealthyLifestyle晨背与检测(五)清单-高中英语人教版选择性

Unit2HealthyLifestyle重点词汇1.tobacco[təˈbækəʊ]:n.烟草;烟叶2.alcohol[ˈælkəhɒl]:n.酒;酒精alcoholicadj.酒精的，饮酒引起的wine:n.果酒;葡萄酒3.abuse[əˈbjuːs]:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂[əˈbjuːz]:vt.滥用;虐待;辱骂abusesb:辱骂/虐待某人abusealcohol/drugs:酗酒/嗜毒abuseone’spower/position/privilege滥用职权/特权verbalabuse言语上的辱骂/childabuse虐待儿童/drugabuse 滥用药物4.physical[ˈfɪzɪkl]:adj.身体的;客观存在的;物理学的mental[ˈmentl]:adj.精神的;智力的；心理的physics[ˈfɪzɪks]:n.物理physicist[ˈfɪzɪsɪst]:n.物理学家physician[fɪˈzɪʃn]:n.医生;内科医生5.dominate[ˈdɒmɪneɪt]:vt.&vi.支配,控制;占有优势;俯视dominationn.控制；影响dominance n.支配地位;优势dominatingadj.主要的；独裁的；有影响力的dominatinglyadv.有领导作风地；独裁地dominantadj.首要的,占支配地位的bedominatedby由……主宰;由某人所控制dominatethecity俯视全城dominatethematch/war比赛/战争中占上风dominatingfigure主要人物；强势人物dominatingfactor主导因素achieve/establishdominanceover获得对……的控制【拓展】“统治”词汇rule统治;govern掌控;regulate调控;manage管理Topreventharmfulhabitslikethesefromdominatingateenager’slifeisessential.防止像这样的有害习惯支配青少年的生活是至关重要的6.repeatedly[rɪˈpiːtɪdli]:adv.重复地repeat[rɪˈpiːt]:v.重复;重说/做/写/播;背诵repeated:adj.反复的;再三的Repetition[ˌrepəˈtɪʃn]:n.重复;重做;重说1)ThereisafamoussayingbasedonthephilosophyofAristotle:“Wearewhatwerepeatedlydo.”有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的著名谚语说道：“重复的行为造就了我们。”7.psychology[saɪˈkɒlədʒi]:n.心理学;心理;心理影响philosophy[fəˈlɒsəfi]:n.哲学1)Accordingtomodernpsychology,wemustfirstlearnaboutthe“habitcycle”,whichworkslikethis:2)HerdaughterstudiedphilosophyandpsychologyatCambridgefrom2015to2019.8.cue[kju:]:n.提示;暗示;信号vt.给(某人)暗示(或提示)1)Firstly,thereis“cue”,anaction,event,orsituationthatactsasasignaltodosomething.首先,有一个“提示”,即可以作为做；某事信号的动作、事件或情况。9.inresponseto...:回答;答复to是介词，后跟n.代词或者vingresponse:n.回答;答复;反应;响应respond[rɪˈspɒnd]vi.回答，做出反应respondbydoingsth通过做某事回应respondto对…作出反应、回应，回复=makearesponsetorespondwith用…回应respondwithasmile报以微笑10.reward[rɪˈwɔːd]:n.回报;奖励;报酬vt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬(指给予勤劳及品德高尚者的奖励,也指警方提供的悬赏金)award:n.奖;奖品;奖金;奖状（常用于奖项名称）(因为作出优异成就而受奖)AcademyAward:奥斯卡奖rewardingadj.有益的,值得的;有报酬的rewardn.回报;奖励;报酬inreward(for)作为（对…的）回报asarewardfor...作为……的报酬;作为……的回报arewardfor(doing)sth因某事而获得奖励give/offerarewardtosbforsth因为某事给某人奖励rewardvt.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬:rewardsbwithsth用某物奖励某人rewardsbfor(doing)sth因为某事奖励某人11.rely[rɪˈlaɪ]:vi.依赖;依靠;信赖reliable[rɪˈlaɪəbl]:adj.可靠的;可信的relyon…todo/doingsth指望/相信…会做某事relyonone’sdoingsth依赖/信任/指望…(做)某事relyonitthat...相信……;指望……(=dependonitthat…)eg:Youmayrelyonitthattheworkwillbefinishedsoon.[一句多译]你可以相信,你有困难时我会帮助你。Youcanrelyonmetohelp(help)youwhenyouareintrouble.YoucanrelyonitthatIcanhelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.Youcanrelyonmyhelping(help)youwhenyouareintrouble.relyon/upon...:依赖;依靠;信赖=dependon/upon...:信赖;依靠;取决于Wecanrelyonourchildrentodosuchwork12.facilitate[fəˈsɪlɪteɪt]:vt.促进;促使;使便利facility[fəˈsɪləti]:n.设施;设备;(机器等的)特别装置1）Moderninventionshavefacilitatedhousework.2)Thenewairportwillfacilitatethedevelopmentofthedistrict.13.examinevt.(仔细)检查;审查;测验 examinationn.检查;考试 examinern.主考人;检查员14.negative[ˈneɡətɪv]:adj.消极的;有害的;否定的;阴性的positive[ˈpɔzɪtiv]:adj.积极的;良好的;肯定的;正面的;阳性的1)Scientistshaveaverynegativeattitudeto/towardshistheory.2)Thecrisishasanegativeeffectonworldeconomy.15.escalator[ˈeskəleɪtə(r)]:n.自动扶梯;滚梯lift:n.电梯;升降机(UK)elevator[ˈelɪveɪtə(r)]:n.电梯(US)take/ridetheescalator(to...):乘自动扶梯geton/offtheescalator:上/下自动扶梯stepon/offtheescalator:上/下自动扶梯.16.straightaway:立即;马上=rightaway=atonce=immediately17.pessimisticadj.悲观的；悲观主义的 pessimisticallyadv.悲观地 pessimismn.悲观；悲观主义者 pessimistn.悲观主义bepessimisticabout…对……很悲观pessimisticviewoflife悲观的人生观 optimisticadj.乐观的 optimisticallyadv.乐观地 optimismn.乐观主义 optimistn.乐观主义者18.discipline[ˈdɪsəplɪn]:n.自制力;纪律;学科vt.自我控制;管教;处罚disciplineoneself/conductoneself/behaveoneself约束自己/好好表现19.pill[pɪl]:n.药丸;药片tablet[ˈtæblət]:n.药片;片medicine:n.药;医学takethetablets/pills/medicine:吃药20.delete[dɪˈliːt]:v.删去;删除1)Hisnamehasbeendeletedfromthelist.2)Healsodeletedfilesfromtheputersystem21.decideon决定;选定decideon/uponsth/doingsth就某事作出决定/决心要做某事decide/determinetodosth.决定做某事（动作）bedeterminedtodosth.决定做某事(状态)decisionn.决定makeadecision(on...) 做决定Therestaurantdecidesonemploying(employ)apopsinger.22.makeupone’smind下定决心bear/keep...inmind记住……bring...tomind使……想起changeone’smind改变主意have...inmind考虑;想要fixone’smindon/upon将注意力集中于……readone’smind看出某人的心思注意：makeupone’smind中的名词mind有数的变化,根据one’s的单复数来确定mind的单复数。记住你告诉我的话并不容易。Itisnoteasytobear/keepinmindwhatyouhavetoldme.我们已下定决心,要按时完成这项工作。Wehavemadeupourmindstofinishtheworkontime.23posevt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写posern.作曲家positionn.作品，作曲，作文posealetter/speech/poem撰写信函/讲稿/诗歌beposedof由……组成=bemadeupof=consistof 1.Waterisposedofhydrogenandoxygen.2.IwassoconfusedthatIcouldhardlyposemythoughts.3.Mozartposedhislastoperashortlybeforehedied.4. Regardlessofthetypeofbusinessyouown,yourworkwillbeposedofthosethreeitems.5. Theteam,made(make)upofparticipantsthroughoutthecountry,rushedtotherescueofpeopletrappedintheruins.6. Theirdietconsisted(consist)largelyoffreshvegetables,resultingintheirhealthylifestyle.24.surgeon[ˈsɜːdʒən]:n.外科医生doctor[ˈdɔktə]:n.医生;博士physician[fɪˈzɪʃn]:n.医师;(尤指)内科医生resident(physician):住院医生dentist:n.牙科医生25.surgery[ˈsɜːdʒəri]:n.外科手术;外科学(U.)operation[ˌɒpəˈreɪʃn]:n.手术(C.）operate[ˈɒpəreɪt]:v.动手术operateon/upon…:给...动手术26.liberation[ˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn]:n.解放;摆脱thePeople’sLiberationArmy(PLA)中国人民解放军liberate[ˈlɪbəreɪt]:v.解放;使摆脱约束(或限制）before/afterliberation:解放前/后libertyn.自由libertyofspeech言论自由27.shave[ʃeɪv]:vi./vt./n.剃(须发);刮脸shaveshavedshaved/shavenshavesb/oneself:给某人刮胡子;给某人刮脸;给某人修面haveashave:刮脸29.beard[bɪəd]:n.胡须;络腮胡子moustache/mustache[məˈstɑːʃ]:n.(上唇的)胡子have/wear/growabeard:留有胡子30.disturb[dɪˈstɜːb]:vt.打扰;搅乱;使烦恼disturbed:adj.不安的;被打扰的disturbing[dɪˈstɜːbɪŋ]:adj.令人不安的;引起烦恼的;disturbancen.干扰;骚乱Donotdisturb!请勿打扰!disturbsb打扰某人adisturbingpieceofnews一则令人不安的消息bedisturbedby/about/at对……感到忧虑bedisturbedtodosth./that......做某事/......感到不安31.cigarette/cigaret[ˌsɪɡəˈret]:n.香烟;卷烟cigar[sɪˈɡɑː]:n.雪茄烟apacket/packofcigarettes:一包香烟lightacigarette:点燃一支香烟lightupacigarette:开始抽烟smokeacigarette:抽烟1)Itisimportanttoavoidpassivecigarettesmoking被动吸烟.2)Cigarettesmokingisresponsibleforabout90%ofdeathsfromlungcancer.32.specialist[ˈspeʃəlɪst]:n.专科医生;专家special[ˈspeʃl]:adj.特殊的;特别的aneyespecialist眼科医生aspecialistin...:…方面的专家expert[ˈekspɜːt]:n.专家;能手;高手(an)expertat/in/on…:…方面的专家/高手33.consultant[kənˈsʌltənt]:n.顾问;高级顾问医师aconsultantmission顾问团consultantservice咨询服务adviser/advisor[ədˈvaɪzə(r)]:n.顾问consultvt.咨询，查阅consultation n.咨询;磋商;[临床]会诊consultwithsbabout/onsth.与某人就某事进行磋商；就某事咨询某人consultsbaboutsth.就某事向某人咨询1)Itisusefultoturntoafitness瘦身consultantforadvice.34.drug[drʌɡ]:n.毒品;药物takedrugs:吸毒;服药medicine[ˈmedɪsn]:n.药;药水;医学have/takesomemedicine:吃药Thisdrugisusedtolowerbloodpressure35.skip[skɪp]:vt.跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳n.蹦跳skipskippedskippedgoskipping去跳绳skipagrade跳级skipbreakfast不吃早饭skipschool/class逃学/逃课skipoverthefence跳过栅栏skipover略过；遗漏skipoverthedetails掠过细节36.dizzy[ˈdɪzi]:adj.头晕目眩的eg.Heoftenfeltsleepyanddizzy.feeldizzy感觉头晕目眩thedizzypaceoflife令人目眩的生活节奏bedizzywithsuccess被成功冲昏头脑39.have/get(the)flu:患流感(英国英语常无the)Ifyouwanttoavoidtheflu,youshouldusethenewvaccine.37.stimulate[ˈstɪmjuleɪt]:vt.激发;促进;刺激stimulateeconomy/growth/demand:刺激经济/增长/需求stimulatesbtodo...:鼓励/激励某人做什么≈encourage/inspiresbtodo...:stimulateone'sinterestedin激发某人在……方面的兴stimulationn.刺激38.dentist['dentɪst]:n.牙科医生atthedentist’s:在牙科诊所 atthedoctor’s:在诊所 atthechemist’s:在药店atthebutcher’s:在肉店atthebarber’s:在理发店39.sugary[ˈʃʊɡəri]:adj.含糖的;甜的sugar[ˈʃʊɡə]：n.糖 sour[ˈsaʊə]：adj.酸的;馊味的 spicy:adj.辛辣的salty:adj.咸的 bitter:adj.苦的40.nut[nʌt]:n.坚果peanut:n.花生 walnut[ˈwɔːlnʌt]:n.核桃;胡桃41.skateboard[ˈskeɪtbɔːd]:n.滑板vi.滑滑板 skate[skeɪt]:v.滑冰;溜冰 goskating:去滑冰ski[skiː]：n./v.滑雪;滑雪板 goskiing:去滑雪42.dynamic[daɪˈnæmɪk]:adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;动态的adynamicpersonality充满活力的个性energetic[ˌenəˈdʒetɪk]：adj.精力旺盛的/充沛的 befullofenergy:精力充沛的energy[ˈenədʒɪ]:n.精力;活力;能源43.(be)stressedout:焦虑不安;疲惫不堪≈(be)stressedstressful:adj.令人紧张的;充满压力的stressn.压力；强调；重要性；重音v.强调；重读；（使）焦虑不安laystresson强调；重视stresstheimportanceof...强调……的重要性44.(be)wornout:筋疲力尽的;心力交瘁;破烂不堪的betiredout:疲惫的;筋疲力尽的betired:累的;疲倦的;厌烦的(be)exhausted[ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd]:adj.筋疲力尽的;疲惫不堪的Shewasreallywornoutafterworkingfortendays.Thegirl’sshoes/clothesarewornout.45.bowling[ˈbəʊlɪŋ]:n.保龄球运动play/gobowling:打保龄球46.edy[ˈkɒmədi]:n.喜剧;喜剧片;滑稽节目watch/seeaedy:看喜剧片ic['kɒmɪk]:n.连环画杂志;adj.滑稽的;使人发笑的tragedy[ˈtrædʒədi]:n.悲剧;惨案tragic悲剧的47.monthly[ˈmʌnθli]:n.月刊adv./adj.每月=everymonth;每月一次的amonthlybudget月度预算amonthlynewsdigest每月新闻摘要weekly:adv./adj.每周=everyweek;每周一次的n.周刊daily:adv.每天;天天=everydayadj.每天的;每日的n.日报yearly:adj.每年的adv.每年=everyyear48.enhance[ɪnˈhɑːns][[ɪnˈhæns]:vt.提高;增强;增进enhanceone'sreputation提高某人的声望 enhancetheimage提升形象49.refresh[rɪˈfreʃ]:vt.使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新refreshone’smemory:唤起某人的记忆;使某人想起refreshoneself使恢复精力；清醒头脑refreshthedocument刷新文件refreshing:adj.消除疲劳的;提神的;清凉的refreshedadj.神清气爽的fresh:adj.新鲜的;新做的;凉爽的;淡的50.absorb[əbˈsɔːb][əbˈzɔːb]:vt.吸引全部注意力;吸收(热/光/能/液体/气体等)beabsorbedin…:专心于；集中注意力于“集中注意力于”的常见表达：concentrate/fix/focus(one’sattention)onpayattentiontoputone’sheartintobedevotedtolose/buryoneselfinThisworkhasabsorbedhimforseveralmonths.2)Blackwallsabsorbalotofheatduring/intheday.应用文写作假定你是李华，请你给某报社编辑写一封信，介绍你改变某种不良生活习惯的过程及带来的影响。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；一、合理布局，精心谋篇二、遣词造句，规范得体1.使用一般过去时介绍自己以前的不良生活习惯。①过去我喜欢垃圾食品。InthepastIlikedjunkfood.②我过去超重。InthepastIwasoverweight.2.使用恰当的修饰语表达针对个人问题作出的决定。③我对完美身材的热情驱使我改变我的生活方式。Mygreatpassionforawellshapedbodydrovemetochangemylifestyle.④我的计划是改变不合理的饮食和定期锻炼。Myplanistochangemyimproperdietandexerciseregularly.3.根据提示介绍针对个人问题采取的行动。⑤在健身房锻炼是我的惯常做法。（动词ing短语作主语）Workingoutinthegymismyroutine.⑥保持均衡的饮食对我来说是必须做的事情。（it作形式主语；amust）Itisamustformetokeepabalanceddiet.4.使用不同的时态介绍现在的状况。⑦我的计划仅仅进行了几个月。（现在完成进行时）Ihaveonlybeencarryingoutmyplanforseveralmonths.⑧现在我开始感觉好多了。（现在进行时）I’mnowstartingtofeelbetter.⑨我有信心达到我的目标。（一般现在时；一般将来时）IfeelconfidentthatIwillreachmygoal.三、恰当衔接，自然过渡1.用and，therefore连接句①和句②InthepastIlikedjunkfoodandthereforeIwasoverweight.2.用while连接句⑤和句⑥Workingoutinthegymismyroutinewhileitisamustformetokeepabalanceddiet.3.用but连接句⑦和句⑧Ihaveonlybeencarryingoutmyplanforseveralmonths，butI’mnowstartingtofeelbetter.【范文背诵】DearEditor，Iamwritingtotellyouthechangesofmylifestyle.InthepastIlikedjunkfoodandthereforeIwasoverweight.Mygreatpassionforawellshapedbodydrovemetochangemylifestyle.Myplanistochangemyimproperdietandexerciseregularly.Workingoutinthegymismyroutinewhileitisamustformetokeepabalanceddiet.Ihaveonlybeencarryingoutmyplanforseveralmonths，butI’mnowstartingtofeelbetter.IfeelconfidentthatIwillreachmygoal.Bestwishes.Yourssincerely，LiHua根据汉语意思填写单词1．Theaccidenthasnotdoneany______(永久的)damage.2．Therehavebeenmany________(影响)explorersthrou