大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案

UnitlA

Keyconcepts

reservation:谦逊的coldness:冷静的modesty：谦虚的

humor：幽默的sportsmanship：运发动精神

QI、whatisareservedpersonlike?

Answer:Areservedpersonisonewhodoesnottalkverymuchtostrangers,does

notshowmuchemotion,andseldomgetsexcited.

Q2、whatisthecharacteroftheEnglishmen?

Answer:reserved、humor>modesty>cold>sportsmanship.

Q3、whatissportsmanship?

Answer:sportsmanshipistheabilitytopracticeasportaccordingtoitsrules,

whilealsoshowinggenerositytoone'sopponentandgoodtemperindefeat.

Casestudy

Q、WhatmadetheBritishfeelquiteunhappyinthissituation?

Answer:Theloudspeakingandspeakingtheirnativelanguagemadethereserved

Britishfeelquiteunhappy.TheEnglishmanisreserved,hedoesn'tshowmuch

emotionandseldomgetsexcited.

UnitlB

Keyconcepts

thepioneeringspirit创业精神tryingsomethingnew探索精神

equality平等nationaloptimism民族乐观

freedom自由theDeclarationofIndependence独立宣言rags-to-richer白手起家

socialmobility社会流动性Americandream美国梦

Comprehensionquestions

1.CanyousummarizethecharacterofAmericans?

ThecharactersofAmericansarethepioneeringspirit,tryingsomethingnewand

beingeagertoequalityandfreedom.TheAmericaniscompetitive,friendly,

spontaneous,adaptable,efficient,energetic,andkindhearted.

2.InwhatsenseisthepioneeringspiritstillanimportantpartoftheAmericancharacter?

1).Exceptfortheslaves,immigrantscametoAmericavoluntarilyinsearchof

greaterprosperityandfreedom.(para3)

2).Inthemid-nineteenthcentury,thepioneeringspiritledAmericansettlersto

travelwestwardinsearchoflandandgold.(para4)

3).Thedesiretostartanewlifeinanewplaceisnoticeablethroughoutthenation.

ManyAmericanschangeresidenceseveryyear.(para5)

4).Americanswhodon'tchangeresidencearealsoonthemove一travelingbyair

orautotoseetheirowncountryortovisitothers.Theneedtoexploreanew

frontierisbasictotheAmericancharacter.(para7)

3.WhatistheAmericanDream?WhatisitsimpactontheAmericancharacter?

TheAmericanDreamisthebeliefthatanyindividual,nomatterhowpoor,can

achievewealthandfamethroughdiligenceandvirtue.

Impact:Americansareoptimisticandadventurous.ThetypicalAmericanbelieved

intryingsomethingnewinanattempttomakelifebetter.Hehadafirmfaithin

thepossibilityofprogress.EverydayineverywayIamgettingbetterandbetter.

4.WhatarethebasicrootsofAmericancharacter?

ThebasicrootsofAmericancharacterarethepioneeringspirit,theliberty

spiritandtheequalityspirit.

Casestudy

Q;WhydidtheAmericanfeeluncomfortable?Pleasegivehimsuggestionsonhowtogetalongw

ithEnglishpeople.

TheAmericandidsomethingthathethoughtisfriendly,buttheEnglishseemed

quiteunfriendlytohim,sohefeltuncomfortable.

Americanisabitcasual,optimisticandoutgoing.Hecalledthefirstnames

andtouchedthepeopleontheshoulder.

But,Englisharereservedandconservative.Theydislikephysicaltouchanddislike

toshowmuchemotion.It'salsonotpolitetocallthefirstnames.

Suggestions:

1.OnthewholeBritishhabitsofpolitenessareveryinformal.Allpolitenessis

basedontheelementaryruleofshowingconsiderationforothers,andacknowledging

theconsiderationtheyshowtoyou.

2.ConversationinBritainisingeneralquietandrestrainedandloudspeechis

consideredill-bred.

PassageCTheChineseCharacter

ComprehensionQuestions

1.Apartfromfamily,whatareotherimportantunitsinChinesesociety?Howdotheywork?

Clan.Aclanistheaggregateofkinship.Aclanmaycompriseawholevillageorsuburb,and

counties,provincesandstateareconglomeratesofavastnumberofvillagesandsuburbswithsuch

clanpopulations.

GroupinglinkedbyfriendshipormarriageisalsoanotherimportantunitinChinesesociety.A

districtmayhaveallitsgroupingssoassociatedtogether,andthisformsthebasisforcommon

actioninanemergency.

2.WhyisChinaacountrywithhighlycomplicatedsocialrelationship?Whataresupposedto

betheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofit?

Chinesesocietyappearsasamassofcirclesorgroupingsratherthanstatusorlevels.Withineach

circleorgroupingthepeoplearerelatedinclanorcloserkinshipandoffercooperationandsuccor

toeachother.Marriageandfriendshipcreatedlinkswithotherclansandgroupings.Therefore,a

districtmayhaveallitsgroupingssoassociatedtogether.So,thesocialrelationshipinChinais

morecloseandcomplicatedthanWesterncountries.

Suchkindisgoodforthesteadyofasocietyandpeacefullife,goodforgoverningbutnot

goodfordevelopment,foranynewideasandreformation.Itisaspersonalorientedsociety.

Sometimesitiseasytodealwithsomething,butothertimesitmakesthingsmorecomplicatedand

evenhinderthedevelopmentofasociety.Forexample,thecomplicatedsocialrelationbecomesa

bigbarrierfortheimplementationoflawandjustice.Itmaygiverisetotheunequalofchanceand

resources....(dfreeanswerquestion)

3.CanyoulistsomeofthecharacteristicsofthegeneralcharacteroftheChinesepeoplebased

onthetext.Trytogivethepossiblereasonsfortheformationofsuchcharacter.

Chinesepeoplearecompromising,patient,mediative,harmonious,obedient,passive,pacific,

long-viewing,tolerant,filial,conservative,thrift,friendly,diligent,andsoon.Theytendtobein

lowprofile,hidetheirstrengthanddepreciatetheirsuccess.ThecharacterofChineseiscausedby

manyfactors.Fromthetext,weknowitscloselyrelatedtotheorganizationofChinesesociety.The

Chinesesocietyisorganizedbyclansorfriendsofcloseassociation.Itisabigcircleof

complicatedrelations.Tomaintainthesteadyofthecircle,suchkindsofcharacterareofsignificant

importance.

CaseStudy

Chinaisasocietyofcomplicatedsocialrelation.Friendisaveryimportantfactorinsociety.

Chinesepeopletakecareofmaintainingfriendshipandtendtoavoiddirectconflictormaking

otherloseface.Inthiscase,tomaintainthefaceofJimmy,Iwouldnotmentiontheborrowed

moneyinthefaceofJimmy.ButJimmykeepingreminding"I"ofthemoneymade"I"feelquite

embarrassed,andabitangry."I"thoughtJimmywasnotfriendly.

Americaisasocietyadvocatesindividualismandtheirsocialrelationisquiteloose.Theythink

friendisfriend,moneyismoney.What'smore,comparedwithChinesesociety,itisonewith

low-contextedculture,inwhichpeoplewouldputeverythinginwordsandsayitdirectly.Inthe

case,Jimmyreminded"I"onceagainaboutthemoneylest"I"forgetaboutit.ToJimmy,itwas

thefaultof"I"notmentioningabouttheborrowedmoneyearlier.So,whenaskedaboutit,he

said"Whydidn'tyouremindmeearlier?"

What'smore,Americansdon'treadilygivemoneytoothers,whichwillmostlikelyrendera

senseofhumiliationaboutone'sabilitytoearnone'sownliving.Sointhiscase,Jimmyisabit

annoyedfor"I"notremindhimtopaybacktheborrowedmoney.Hethoughtthathehadbeen

lookeduponby"I".

Unit2A

keyconcept:

FiveRelationshipsofConfucianism孔子的五伦思想humanism人道主义

individualism个人主义collectivism集体主义individual'sright个

人权利

1.AccordingtoConfucianism,whatarethefivecardinalrelationshipsinChinese

societyandwhatshouldtheserelationshipsbe?

Fivecardinalrelationship:ruler-minister,father-son,husband-wife,

elder-youngerbrotherandfriendandfriend.ThiswasexplainedasuThereshould

beaffectionbetweenfatherandson,righteoussenseofdutybetweenrulerand

minister,divisionoffunctionbetweenmanandwife,stratificationbetweenold

andyoung,andgoodfaithbetweenfriends.”

2.CanyoutellthemaininfluenceofConfucianismontheideologyofChinese

people?

IntraditionalChinesebeliefs,especiallyinConfucianism,collectivismis

appreciated.Itemphasizescooperationamonggroupmembersandindividual

successisduetothecollectiveeffortofthestaffinaunit,anorganization

oracommunity.

3.CanyoutellthemaininfluenceoftheRenaissanceonWesternvalues?

IntheRenaissanceperiodofEngland,peoplebegantoemphasizethedignityof

humanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Thisistherudimentof

Humanism.Peoplebegantorespectthehumanityfromthenon,andthendeveloped

intotheideasofwhatwealwayscallfreedom,democracy.

4.Whatisthedifferencebetweencollectivismandindividualism?

Individualismreferstothedoctrinethattherightsoftheindividualarethe

mostimportantonesinasociety.Collectivismemphasizescooperationamong

groupmembers.

(1)Westernerstendtobelievethatpeopleshouldrelyonthemselvesasmuch

aspossible-andusuallyexpectotherpeopletodothesame.Peoplein

collectivistculturesgenerallyfeeltheyhavearighttoexpecthelpfrom

othermembersoftheirgroups,andtheyalsotendtofeeltheyhaveanobligation

tohelpothermembersoftheirgroups.

(2)Westernersgenerallyfeelthattherightsofindividualsshouldnotbe

subordinatedtotheneedsofalargergroup.Peopleincollectivistcultures

aregenerallymorewillingtoaccepttheideathatindividualsshouldsacrifice

forthebenefitofthegroup.

(3)Westernerstendtobelievethatindividualsshouldmakedecisionsfor

themselves,andthatindividualsshouldtakecreditresponsibilityforwhat

theyarepersonallydone.Peopleincollectivistculturestendtofeelmore

thattheyarerepresentativeoftheirgroup,andtoacceptmoreresponsibility

forothermembersoftheirgroupstoo.

(4)Westernerstendtoviewindividualismasagoodthing.TheChinesetermfor

^individualism,“gerenzhuyi,oftenhasasomewhatnegativeconnotation,and

issometimesusedasasynonymfor“selfishness”.

5.WhyisitsaidthatAmericansareselfish?Doyouthinktheyareselfish?why

orwhynot?

BecauseChinesetermfor^individualism,“gerenzhuyi,oftenhasasomewhat

negativeconnotation,andissometimesusedasasynonymfor“selfishness”.

No,Idon'tthinkso.

Individualismreferstothedoctrinethattherightsoftheindividualarethe

mostimportantonesinasociety.Theword“individualism“hasnonegative

connotation,infact,itsconnotationissomewhatpositive.

6.ArealltheWesternersindividualists?ArealltheChinesecollectivists?(P20

para20)

SayingthatWesterncultureisindividualistdoesnotmeanthatallWesterners

arealwaysindividualist.Rather,itmeansthatWesternersaremorelikelytothink

andactinindividualistwaysthanpeopleincollectivistculturesare.The

differencebetweenindividualistandcollectivistculturesisrelative,not

absolute.

Casestudy

1.WouldyoupleasehelpShiHaiinterprettheChinesesayinghementioned?

Commonfameisseldomtoblame;shootthebirdwhichtakesthelead;The

outstandingusuallybearthebruntofattack.

2.Wouldyoupleasemakesuitableexplanationsforhisdecliningthepromotion

sothatJoewouldunderstandhim?

Chinesepeoplerespectcollectivismandemphasizecooperation,soindividual

successisduetothecollectiveeffortofthestaffinaunit.sohethinkshe

shouldnotreceivethehonorpersonally.

Unit3A

keyconcept:

Nuclearfamily核心家庭happinessofindividualmember个人主义幸福Senseof

equality平等意识independenceandindividualism独立自主

1.HowdoAmericanstreattheirnewly-bornbabiesandyoungadults?

TheAmericanparentsputanewborninaseparatebedroomwhenthechildisafew

weeksold.Theyliketopreservetheirprivacy.

2.WhatisthebaseofanAmericanmarriage?Whyisdivorceratesohighinthe

UnitedStates?

(1)RomanticloveismostoftenthebasisformarriageinU.S

(2)Theyareextremelyidealistaboutmarriage,andtheywantdeeplylovedanddeeply

understood.ButitisbecauseAmericansexpectsomuchfrommarriagethatsomany

divorced.

3.WhatisthetypicallifeoftheoldpeopleinAmerica?Whydon'ttheylive

togetherwiththeirchildren?

(1)Americanoldpeopleliveapartfromtheirchildren.Somefamiliesmayplaceolder

relativesinnursinghomes.

(2)Theirfinancialsupportisoftenprovidedbygovernment-sponsored,social

securityorwelfaresystems.Andolderpeopleoftenseektheirownfriendsrather

thanbecomingtooemotionallydependentontheirchildren.

4.AsachildinaChinesefamily,howcanyoumakeyourparentshappy?

Answerisopen.

1).Toadvancethefamilyasagroupandbringhonortothefamilynameaswell.2).To

showfilialdutyandresponsibilitytoparents.3).Toemphasizethepeaceand

harmonyofafamily.

easel：QI：Hewillfeelamazingandsympathyforher,forwhichsheisoldenoughbutstill

livingalone.

Q2:

1.InindividualistcultureslikethatoftheUS,childrenarealienatedfrom

parentsbecauseparentschainthemtobeindependent,“pushthemoutofthe

nest,z.

2.Becauseoftheculturalemphasisonself-reliance,themotherfeelsitis

inappropriatetoaskforhelp,andthechildrenmayeventhinkitis

inappropriatetooffer.

3.Individualismleadspeopletofeeltheyshouldstayoutofeachother's

business.

Case2:

1).ItisanoffencetoslapachildinAmerica,butnotinChina.InAmerica,

ill-treatingthechildrenisillegal.Thepolicemayarresttheparentsand

sendthechildrentoDCFSshelter.

2)InAmerica,asenseofequalityoftenexistsinAmericanhomes.

3).InChina,parentsregardtheirchildrenasprivateprosperity.Chinesethink

Beatingmeanslove,scoldingmeansaffectiontochildren.

Unit3B

Keyconcepts：

Amemberofmanygroups各种群体中的成员Impermanence暂时Personalgoals

个人目标/Individual'needs个人需求Responsibilities职责Aseriesof

concentriccircles一系列同心圆Stable稳固ConnectionVS

contract关系和合约

Comprehensionquestions

1.WhatarethecharacteristicsofAmericansocialrelationship?

Impermanentandloose,individual?sneedscomefirst,contractualand

compartmentalized.

2.WhyisAmericansocialrelationshipimpermanent?

Theyaremembersofmanygroupssimultaneously.Iftheypersonalgoalsarenolonger

beingmetbyagroup,theymoveonandprobablylooktonewassociatesforthe

benefitstheyusedtoreceivefromtheformergroup.

3.CanyoudrawapicturetoillustratethepatternofChinesesocialrelationship?

Whoareintheinnermostpartandwhoareintheoutside?whatisthedifference

betweeneachpart?

②Iandfamilyareintheinnermostpartwhileeveryoneelseinthegeographic

areaornationorworldareintheoutside.③thedifferencebetweeninnerandout

sideisfrommostimportanttoleastimportant.

4.WhatarethedifferentunderstandingoffriendbetweenChineseandAmerican?

•1).Americanshavecasual,friendlyrelationshipswithmanypeople,but

deeper,closefriendshipswithonlyafew.(para8)

•Americanfriendshipstendtobeverycompartmentalizedbecausetheyarebased

onasharedactivity,event,orexperience.(para9)

•2).Chinesearelikelytoreactmoretotheotherpersonasawholeandwill

avoidformingfriendshipswiththosewhosevaluesandbehaviorsareinsome

waydeemedundesirable.(paralO)

5.Doyouthinkfriendshipsharessomecommonelementsindifferentcultures?If

youdo,whatarethey?

Answerisopen.

Bothregardfriendshipasaveryimportantthingtoindividuals.

Case1

•BecauseJacksonthinksfriendshipismostlyamatterofprovidingemotional

supportandspendtimetogether.

•It'snotappropriatefortheAmericanstousepersonalconnectionstohelp

afriendgetsomethinghardtoobtain.

•Thissituationcreatesdependenceofonepersonontheotheranditgoes

againsttheprincipleofequality.

Case2

•1.Notreally,justbecausetheirchildrenliketoplaytogether,thesetwo

womenplantogettogetherateachother'shouses.

•2.Theyarecommonfriends,a).Americanfriendshipsarebasedonashared

activity,event,orexperience,b).Theyviewthemselvesandothersasa

compositeofdistinctinterests,c).Theirchildrenliketoplaytogether,

sotheyhavesomecommoninterests,d).Theymaygettogetherjustbecause

theirkidswouldenjoythat.

Case3

•QI.Theybrokentheirfriendshipbecausetheyfinishedtheycommonchemistry

classanddidn'tseeeachotherverymuchatschool.

•NooneshouldbeblamedforitbecausethedifferentculturebetweenJordan

andtheUnitedStatesleadtodifferentattitudestofriendship.

•Q2.NoIdon'tthinkso.BecauseAmericanfriendshipisimpermanentandbased

onasharedclass,activityorevent.Ifonedropoutofit,theymaylose

contactwiththefriendswithwhomtheysharedthatactivity.

Unit5A

Keyconcepts：

Gentlenessandbenevolence温柔与仁慈harmony和谐violenceand

cruelty暴力和残酷conquestovernature征服自然exquisitenessandtaste精致和

品位nutritionandbalance均衡营养pragmatism实用主义

1.Whatarethefunctionsofchopsticks?

Chopstickscannip,pick,ripandstirfood.

2.WhatarethepossiblereasonsforAmericans7useofforksandknivesatdinner?

TheancestorsofmanyWesterncountrieslivedbyhunting.Meatwastheirbasic

foodsourceandgraduallytooktheplaceofstaplefood.Theyhadtouseforksand

knivestocutandporktheirfood.

3.WhydoChinesepaymoreattentiontothetasteoffood?

ThatappealstothetraditionalideologyofChina.Confuciusemphasizedthe

delightthatfoodcouldbringtous.Thestandardsofqualityandtastethat

Confuciusrecommendedrequiredtheperfectblendofingredients,herbsand

condiments---ablendwhichwouldresultintheperfectcombinationofflavor.

4.WhydoAmericanspaymoreattentiontonutrition?

Undertheinfluenceofpragmatism,foodoreatingisjustawaytokeephealthy

toWesterners,havinglittletodowithartistry.Whattheycareaboutmostisthe

nutritioncontainedinfoodandthebalanceofthewholedietstructureratherthan

exquisitenessincuisineandtasteoffood.

5.DoyouknowwhyvegetablesbecamethestaplefoodoftheChinese,whilemeat

becamethemainfoodofAmericans?

•1.Historically,Chinaisanagriculturalcountry,whiletheancestorsof

Americanslivedbyhunting.

•2.Environmentally,Chinahasalargeamountofpopulationandlackofland

tosupportacattleindustry.Americahasanabundanceoffertile,flatland

forgrazingcattleandfoodproduction.

CaseStudy:

•1.WhydidLingHong'smotherkeeponencouragingSusantoeatmoreeven

afterSusanrefused?

•InChineseculture,LingHong'smotherkeptonencouragingSusantoeatmore

istoshowthehospitalityofthehosttoSusan.

•2.WhydidSusanfeelembarrassedwhenLingHong'smotherputsomefoodin

herbowlwithherchopsticks?

•Becauseinwesternculture,foodisusuallyservedseparatelytoeach

person-partlyforhygienereasonsandpartlyduetoindividualism.

Unit6A

Keyconcepts：

1.Creativity:仓造力theabilitytouseyourimaginationtoproducenewideas,make

things.

2.Exploring:探索

1)、todiscussorthinkaboutsomethingcarefully；

2)、totravelaroundanareainordertofindoutaboutit；

3)、writtentGfeelsomethingwithyourhandoranotherpartofyourbody

tofindoutwhatitislike

3.Self-reliant：自主的abletodoordecidethingsbyyourself,withoutdepending

onthehelporadviceofotherpeople

Originality：.独仓W性1.theabilitytothinkandactindependently2.thequality

ofbeingnewandoriginal(notderivedfromsomethingelse)

Moldingandshaping:塑造toguide(sb.)withtheintenttocontrol.

1、HowdotheChineseteachtheirchildren?HowdoAmericando?Canyoufindthe

theoriessupportingthedifferentteachingmethods?

2.Answerisopen.

3.Answerisopen.Don'thelpthebabystandimmediately.Letthebabyexplore

andexperience,andtrytofindthebalancetostandbyitself.

Casel:

Firstly,Chinesestudentsareusedtotakewhattheteacher，ssaidasauthority,

andtrytomemorizewhatisgiveninlessons.Ontheotherhand,teachinginChina

focusmoreonknowledgethanoncreation,tomakestudentswiththesameideas,

thesameknowledge.Moreover,tothem,itisimpolitetochallengetheteacher，s

words,toformdifferentideasfromtheteacher.ButtotheWesterners,things

arequitedifferent.Theaimofwesterneducationistoproducestudentswith

differentideas,todeveloptheircreativity.Tothem,themorequestionsasked

inclassmeansmoreattentionyougivetowhattheteachersays.Andmoreinterest

youshowtothetopicandtheteacher.So,inthiscase,ProfessorJohnsonmistook

thesilenceofthestudentsastheirnointerestinhissubject,andfelt

disappointed.

Case2

1.BecausetheAmericanteacherthoughtthatIwasanadult,Ishouldatleasthave

someideasaboutaquestion,nomatterhowdifficultitis,eventheansweris

totallywrong.

2.Chineseeducatorsareusedtouteachingbyholdinghishand”.Solongasthe

studentsareshownhowtodosomething,theyarelesslikelytosolveaproblem

effectivelybythemselves.Theymaylackofcreativityandself-reliance.

unit7A

Keyconcepts；

1.Monochronictime:单一时间anapproachthatfavorslinearstructureandfocus

ononeeventorinteractionatatime.

2.Polychronictime:多元时间peoplemayattendtomanythingshappeningatonce

inthisapproachtotime

3.linearstructure:线性结构sequentialblocksthatcanbeorganized,quantified,

andscheduled.

4.Scheduleoriented:以方案为方向的peopledoingonethingatatimeduringa

specifiedtime-period,workingonasingletaskuntilitisfinished.

5.Peopleoriented:以人为方向的donotemphasizeschedulingbyseparatingtime

intodiscrete,fixedsegments.

6.Punctuality:严守时间everyoneissupposedtoarriveontimewhenattendinga

formalbanquetormeetingappointments.

Comprehensionquestions(p82)

1.Whatismonochromiccultures?Whatispolychromiccultures?

Monochronicculturestypicallyemphasizedoingonethingatatimeduringa

specifiedtime-period,workingonasingletaskuntilitisfinished.Polychronic

culturesareinvolvedwithmanythingsatonce,usuallywithvaryinglevelsof

attentionpaidtoeach.

2.whatarethedifferentattitudesmonochromicpeopleandpolychromicpeople

holdtowardtim