人教版英语八年级下册Unit4词汇、短语、语法知识点梳理及拓展

J•4知佣点及名展

一、词汇拓展

1.wrong（ad卜）一__=_=（反义词，正确的）

2.relation（n.）————（匹关系）

3communicate(v.)一__（n.交流）

4.argue(v.)——（n.争论，争吵）

5.cloud(n.)—____________（adj.多云的）

6.old(adj.)—（adi.年纪较长的）

=========

7.offer(v.)—_____（近义词）

^_（不合理的，不合适

8.proper(adj.)—____===（adv.合理地）一___的）

9.secondly(adv.)——（adi.第二）—（n.秒）

10.explain(v.)——（n.解释）

11.pressure(n.)—（n.近义词）一__________（V.按，压）

12.compete(v.)—______(n,比赛)—____________(n.竞争者)一

_(adj.有竞争力的）

13opinion(n.)—_____________（近义词）

14.skill(n.)一.（adi熟练的）

15.typical(adj.)—.（adv.典型地）

16quick(adj.)—_______(adv.快)——（近义词）

17.push(v.)—____（反义词）

18.development(n.)一___________(v.)—ad)__adj

19.usual（adj.）一（adv.通常）一（反义词，adj.不寻常的）

20.perhaps（adv.）-（近义词）

21.clearadj.一（adv.清晰地，明显地）一（adj.不清楚的，不确定的）

22.normaladj.一adv.一（反义词）

-用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Thoughitwasraining,theycontinued(work)inthefield.

2.Noneofthemtookpartinyesterday'sEnglishspeech(compete).

3.Ihadan(usual)experiencelastnight.Icouldn'tbelieveitatall.

4.Themanisa(skill)workerandweshouldlearnfromhim.

5.Let'sbookthewindowseatssothatwemayseethennightskymore(clear).

6.Iwillnottakethisbag.Firstly,itisexpensive,and(second),it'snotofgoodquality.

7.EricandFrankstopped(argue)whentheysawtheteachercomingintotheclassroom.

8.Wedon'thaveanyfreetime(do)thethingwelike.

9.(what)Ido,myparentsalwaysencouragemetogetoutofdifficulties.

10.Wemadeanimportant(decide)attheendofthemeeting.

11.It'snotright(copy)others'homework.

12.Whenpeoplehavedifferentideas,(argue)isofnouse.

13.Althoughtheinternetmakesourlifeeasier,itsometimes(cause)troubletous.

14.Good(communicate)isimportantforbusiness(业务).

15.Itried(pull)onehandfreeandfinallymanaged(break)theropes.

16.WemustbeproudofbeingaChinesetoseethegreat(develop)ofourcountry.

17.Idon'tseeany(relate)betweenthetwoproblems.

18.ThoughJackisyoung,hecanplaytheviolinaswellashis(old)brother.

19.Asteenagers,weshouldmanageourtime(proper)andneverputofftoday'sworktill

tomorrow.

20.Motherssendtheirsmallkidstoallkindsofclasses.Andtheyarealways(compare)themwith

otherchildren.

二、短语复习

1.有空闲时间2,允许人做某事

3.与某人闲逛4.课外活动课

5.与某人吵架/打架6,和一比较

7.与某人交谈8.生某人的气_________________一

9.给某人写信10.打电话给某人

12.令某人惊讶12.翻看浏览

13.成功地发展；解决14.和睦相处；关系良好

15.主动提出做某事16.以便

17.介意某人做18.一直

19.今后20.使某人生气

21.担心某事22.进入，走进

23.给某人施压24,与某人吵架

25.与某人竞争26,取得更好的成绩

27.提出某人的观点28.学习应试技巧

29.体育训练30.删除

-即时练习

1.在我看来，我们应该每天打扫我们自己的房间。

,weshouldcleanourownroomeveryday.

2.我爸妈不允许我晚上与朋友出去闲逛。

Myparentsdon'tmewithmyfriendsatnight

3.胡老师正在给学生们发新书。

Mr.Hunownewbookstothestudents

4.尽管她做得不对，但也没什么了不起的。

she'swrong,it'snot.

5.关于这件事，你应该向你的老师解释。

Aboutthething,youyourteacher.

6.我今天早上上课迟到了，所以老师生我的气了。

Iwaslateforclassthismorning,sotheteacherme.

7.由于污染，许多人担心他们的健康。

Manypeople__________________________________becauseofthepollution.

8.当我离开家的时候，我总是感到孤独和焦虑。

IalwaysfeelwhenIamawayfromhome.

9.如果你的父母遇到问题，你应该主动提供帮助。

Ifyourparentsarehavingproblems,youshould.

10.很多孩子不喜欢和他们的父母交流。

Manychildrendon'tliketheirparents.

11.这个问题太困难了。我认为我们找不到一种新的方法来解决它。

Thisproblemissodifficult.Idon'tthinkwecanfindanewway_______________________________________.

12.我不得不在学校和同学竞争，因为我的父母总是把我和其他孩子比较。

Ihavetoclassmatesatschoolbecausemyparentsalwaysotherchildren.

13.每个人都喜欢鲍勃，因为他能和其他同学相处得很好。

EverybodylikesBobbecausehecan___________________________________otherclassmates.

14.花更多的时间在你学习上面，然后你可以取得更好的成绩。

Spendmoretimeonyourstudyandyoucan.

15.随着5G技术的发展，我们的日常生活变得越来越方便。

___________________________________5Gtechnology,ourdailyliveshavebecomemoreandmoreconvenient.

16.这两个人过去常常互相争论，以证明谁更强壮。

Thetwomen_______________________________eachothertoprovewhoisstronger.

17.期末考试即将到来。你应该恰当地计划你的时间，并且你会成功的。

Thefinalexamiscoming.Youshould____________________________________andyouwillmakeit.

18.史密斯先生是个残疾人。但在一名志愿者的帮助下，他过着正常的生活。

Mr.Smithisadisabledperson.Butwiththehelpofavolunteer,he_______________________________________.

19.对于孩子来说，没有必要有太多的压力。最好删掉一些课外课程。

Thereisnoneedforkidstohavetoomuchpressure._____________________________afewafter-schoollessons.

20.当你演讲时，你应该说话比平时更大声，以便大家都容易听到你的声音。

Whenyoumakeaspeech,youshouldspeak________________________________inordertomakeeveryonehear

youeasily.

三、知识详解

petev.比赛

________________________为得到某物与某人竞争

Hecompetedagainsthisbestfriendforthefirstprize.

【练习】完成句子梁博在“中国好声音"中获得冠军。

LiangBowasoftheVoiceofChina.

2.allow允许，许可

allow常见用法如下：

⑴."允许某人做某事"

Myparentsallowmetogooutatnight.

⑵“允许做某事"+v_ing

Thelibrarydoesn'tallowtakingloudly.

⑶allow+名词Wecan'tallowsuchathing.

【练习】Theyoungshouldbeallowed(achieve)theirdreamsontheirown.

Doyouoftenallowuntil11:00p.m.?

A.tostayupB.stayupC.stayingupD.andstayup

1.我的父母不允许我上学的晚上上网。.

2,他们不允在这条街上停车。.

3.workout产生...效果，进展...

Thingsworkedoutquitewellforus.

【拓展】workout""

Heworkedouttheanswerbycomputingagain.butmorecarefully.

You'dbetterworkoutaplantoimproveyourwritingskills.

【练习】保持句意基本不变

Jessicasolvedthephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.

Jessicathephysicsproblemswithoutanyhelp.

4.getonwith..."与相处”+sth“进展”二...................

MrsSmithgetsonwellwithherneighbors.

表示相处的如何，在with前加well（好）或badly（差）等修饰词。

Doyougetalongwellwithyourclassmates?

HowareyougettingonwithyourEnglishstudy?

Heisgettingalongwellwithhisclassmates.

【练习】杰克会和同学们相处得很好。

Jackwillhisclassmates.

5.callsb.up打电话给某人

Sheisbusywithherhomework.Don'tcallherup.

【拓展】打电话给某人的不同表达方式

ringsbupgivesbaring/callphonesbmakeaphonecalltosbcallsb

【练习】改为同义句

1）Don'tcallupMary.Don't--Mary.

2）Sheoftencallsupheroldclassmates.Sheoften-heroldclassmates.

6.communicatev.交流信息；沟通--communicationnJ交流

____________________________和一交流/沟通

【练习】找出能代替句中划线部分的一项。

Peoplechoosetokeepietouchwiththeirfriendsbye-mail.Theunderlinedpartmeans.

A.writeB.readC.agreeD.communicate

7.argue争吵，争论

argue作不及物动词，名词形式为,

________________________________“与某人争论“

-Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.

与某人争论，其中argue有“争辩，争论”的意思，常指

根据一定的理由想要说服他人。

Ihadanargumentwithmybestfriend.

Don'targuewithyourmother.

如果表示“为某事与某人争辩”时，常用

They'realwaysarguingwitheachotheraboutmoney.

【辨析】argue与discuss

argue着重于自己的看法、立场，提出论证说理，以理说服他人。

discuss重在交换意见，进行讨论，不含说服对方的成分。

【练习】Ineverargue-myparents.A.inB.toC.forD.with

Dowhatyouwereorderedanddon'tme.

A.quarrelB.argueC.arguewithD.discuss

8.instead代替，顶替

【辨析】instead与insteadof

单词/短语词性意义或用法

instead副词指舍去______________________可_________位于________________。

insteadof介词（短语）指舍去后面的成分而取前面的成分，不能___________________

-Hedidn'tanswerJnstead,heaskedhisfather.

-Weeatnoodlesinsteadofricesometimes.

【练习】用instead或insteadof填空

1.Davewentfishinggoingskating.

2.Mybrotherisn'tgoodatmath.,heisgoodatEnglish.

3.Ilikereadinginthelibraryintheclassroom.

4.YesterdayJohnMr.ZhanggaveusatalkonAmericanhistory.

5.Davewentcyclinggoingskating.

6.Mybrotherisn'tgoodatmath.,heisgoodatEnglish.

7.Mr.Zhanglikesreadingnewspapersbooks.

8.Ilikereadinginthelibraryintheclassroom.

9.offerV.提供；提出，建议

(l)offer"提供”，其后可接双宾语，即.=

Sheofferstheoldmanacupoftea.=Sheoffersacupofteatotheoldman.

(2)offer还有“提出,建议”的意思,

其后接不定式时表示“主动提出做某事"

Heofferedtolendmesomebooks.

【练习】Thelittleboyhisseattoanoldladyonthecrowdedbus.

A.lentB.offeredC.tookD.brought

10.comparev."比较，和...相比”

__________________________________和….作比较

Henevercompareshimselfwithothers.

［拓展］"把……比作……〃，

Lifeiscomparedtovoyage.

Peopleoftencomparethelifetoastage.

【练习】Myhandwritingcannotbecomparedfather's.

A.toB.withC.onD.for

11.continue为动词，“继续”

(1)continue作及物动词，“继续(做某事)”+名词、代词、不定式、动名词

=继续做某事

Themeetingwillbecontinuedafterabreak.

Theyoungmancontinuedhisstudyafterhisfatherdied.

Theraincontinuedfalling/tofallallafternoon.

(2)continue用在直接引语后，表示“接着说”

111likeyourcountryverymuch,"hecontinued.

【练习】Althoughwearetired,wework.

A.continuesB.continuetoC.continuingD.continued

12.cutout剪裁，删去

Sheiscuttingoutacoat.Youmustcutoutimportantdetails.

【练习】Hedecidedtocutsmoking.

A.upB.onC.outD.in

13.cause的用法

(l)cause用作动词，“使产生，使发生"

Aburningcigarettecausedthefire.Whatcausedhisillness?

(2)cause有可用作名词，"\"Thedogwasthecauseoftheaccident.

【练习】翻译句子

许多车祸都是因为开车不小心造成的。

14.theTaylors

【解析】the+姓氏的复数形式表示“"，作主语时谓语动词用

例如：

TheTaylorsareatypicalAmericanfamily.

a/an+姓氏单数”表示。例如：

HiswifeisaKennedy(=amemberoftheKennedyfamily)

【做一做】

1.TheBrowns(be)fromNewYork.

2.John一家人在看电视。

TheJohnsnow.

3.史密斯一家人正在吃饭。

TheSmithsatthedinninghall.

四、语法串讲

1.用could,should提建议

could和should都是情态动词，后接

(1)could和should用于陈述句中的辨析

在陈述句中，could用来向对方提供一个选择的内容，

“可以，不妨”，should表示指按照常理该怎么样，'‘应

该”

Wecouldwritealettertotheheadmaster,我们不妨给校长写封信。

Weshouldwritealettertotheheadmaster,沃恩应该给校长写封信。

(2)could和should用语疑问句中的用法

1)在疑问句中，could用于以委婉语气向别人提出要求、建议或劝告，此时could不表示过

去，肯定回答用can或sure,否定回答用can't或sorry.

-----CouldIhaveacupoftea?-----Yes,youcan./Sure.

2)在疑问句中，should只用于主语为第一人称的时候，表示征询意见或建议，语气比could委

婉。

-----ShouldIopenthewindow?-----OK.

【练习】用should或could填空

(1)--------Itakethebooksoutoftheroom?-----No,youcan't.

(2)YouspeakEnglishinEnglishclass.

(3)youpleasehelpmewithmyChinese?

(4)Ifyougooutatnight,youtellyourparents.

(5)I'mnotsureifyoutellherthenews.

2.Whydon'tyoudo...?

【解析】Whydon'tyoudo…?是常见的提建议的句型，该句型还可以用来发出礼貌的邀请。

同样表示征求对方意见的句型：

②-?/-?

②________________________…？

④________________________

【做一做】

1.——Whynot(wear)ahat?-----Goodidea.

2.——Howabout(visit)ourteacher?------Thatsoundsgood.

3.——Let's(take)thedogforawalk.----Sorry,Ican't.

4.Wouldyoumindmy(open)thedoor?-----Ofcoursenot.

5.Wouldyoulike(come)tomyparty?------1'dloveto,but…

1.——Tomorrowwillbesunny.Howabouthavingapicnicinthepark?

——ButIhavetopreparefortomorrow*1*45sexam.

A.I'dlove.B.Tdloveto.C.That'sright.

2.——Anew3Dmovieison.Shallwegoandseeitthisweekend?--____!What'sit?

A.ImustbegoingnowB.YouarerightC.WhynotD.Mypleasure

3.——Look!Ifsrainingheavily.____takearaincoatwithyou?——Well,TIItakeoneright

now.

A.WhynotB.Whydon*tC.WouldyoumindD.Wouldyoulike

4.A:Wouldyouliketodancewithme?B:.Ihavetoomuchhomework.

A.Sorry,Ican't.B.Ofcoursenot.C.ThafsOK.D.I'dliketo.

过关检测(TEST)

Time：Score：Name：Marks：

1.Hisfatherdoesn'tallowhimswimmingalone.

A.goesB.togoC.goingD.go

2.givehimawatch?

A.WhataboutB.LefsC.Whydon'tD.Whydon*tyou

3.Youcouldsavesomemoney.youcanbuyagiftforyourmother.

A.inordertoB.becauseC.soD.sothat

4.heisverypoor,hefeelsveryhappy.

A.AIthough；butB.AIthough；/C.Because；soD.Because；/

5.Ithinktheresultmusthimverymuch.

A.surpriseB.surprisedC.surprisingD.surprises

6.Thismathquestionistoodifficult.Canyouhelpme?

A.workonitB.workoutitC.workitoutD.workforit

7.Hehastwosons.TheyareJimandTom.JimisTom'sbrother.

A.oldB.olderC.elderD.young

8.Theoldmanlooksveryunhappy,becausehelives,andhefeelsvery.

A.alone；aloneB.lonely；lonelyC.alone；lonelyD.lonely；alone

9.Heshouldtheteacher.

A.explainB.explaintoC.explainedD.explainedto

10.一Whafswrong?一Ican'tdomyhomeworknow.Imyhomeworkintheclassroomthis

morning.

A.IeaveB.forgetC.forgotD.left

11.1'mnotsure.Hisfatherintheoffice.

A-.maybeB.maybeC.mayD.is

12.Heisveryangrywithhismother,becausehismotheralwayshimwiththebeststudent.

A.comparesB.complainsC.tellsD.makes

13.1sthereinthisstory?

A.wonderfulsomethingB.somethingwonderfulC.wonderfulanythingD.anything

wonderful

14.ltistooloud.Pleasetheradio.

A.turnonB.turnoffC.turndownD.turnup

15.Couldyoupleasethatmeetingfrommyschedule?

A.cutdownB.cutoutC.cutoffD.cutup

16.——InourEnglishstudy,readingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.

1don'tagree.Speakingis____reading.

A.asimportantasB.themostimportantC.thesame

17.Maybeyoushould.

A.callinherB.callupherC.callherup

18.Charles*cousinisthesameagehim.Theygetonwelleachother.

A.as,withB.as,onC.as,in

19.he'sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.

A.ThoughB.SinceC.For

20.IhurriedIwouldn'tbelateforclass.

A.sinceB.sothatC.unless

21.1homeuntilfinishmyhomework.

A.won'tgoB.willgoC.goD.went

22.They5re.

A.enoughbusyB.busyenoughC.enoughbusiesD.busytoenough

23.Wefoundhissisterhereatthatmoment.

A.playB.playedC.playing

24.Yesterday,theytalkedaboutsomethingimportantthephone.

A.inB.ofC.on

25.Shelookedwhensheheardthenews.

A.surprised;surprisingB.surprising;surprisedC.surprising;surprising

课后作业大挑战

14-year-oldboyfromtheUSAwasdescribedasahero（英雄）yesterdayafterhesavedthelifeofawoman

inanothercountry.

DeanBlueyfromDallas,Texas,wasaschoolboywhohasmuch1incomputer.Oneday,he2an

emailtoafriendontheInternet.Suddenlyhereceivedamessagesaying"Help!Pain!Help!”.Themessage

w.asfromFinland,3kilometersawayfromAmerica.

"Ididn'tknow4Ishoulddo,"Deansaidtoareporterafterwards."Itwasreallydifficulttotell

ifthemessagewasreal.nSoDeandidnothingatfirst.5themessagekeptcoming.

"Bythenitwaseasytoseethatsomeonewasintrouble,"Deansaid.He6andfoundthatthe

senderwasastudentcalledTarja,whowasaloneinauniversitylibrary.Shewasill.Whatwas7,there

wasnophonearoundher.Heronlywayofcommunicatingwiththeworldwasbye-mail.Dean8the

policeimmediately.Andtheyrealizedthatthesituationwasquiteserious.TheycalledthepoliceinFinland.

Thenanambulancehurriedtothelibrary.9,shewasstillaliveandwassenttothehospitalqu.ickly.

"I'mgladshe'sOK,"Deansaid,"It'shardtobelieve,but10savedherlife."

1.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.Interests

2.A.sentB.sendsC.wassendingD.issending

3.A.hundredB.thousandC.thousandsD.thousandsof

4.A.how.B.whatC.whereD.when

5.A.SoB.AndC.ButD.As

6.A.telephonedB.repliedC.foundD.talked

7.A.betterB.worseC.harderD.easier

8.A.contactedB.invitedC.interviewedD.offered

9.A.HardlyB.HappilyC.LuckilyD.Carefully

10.A.aboyB.doctorsC.thepoliceD.email

完成对话：

Boyl:Hey,Peter,?

Boy2:Ihadanargument_2_mybestfriend.?

Boyl:Well,youshould4_himaletter.

Boy2:ldon'tthinkso.Idon'tlikewritingletters.

Boyl:.

Boy2:No,Idon'twant_6_talkaboutit_7____thephone.

Boyl:Well,youshouldsayyou'resorry.

Boy2:Yes,IknowIshould,butit'snoteasy.

Boyl:Maybeyoucouldgotohishouse.

Boy2:IguessIcould,butIdon'twantto_8____him.

Boyl:Hey,Iknow.Youco