初中英语语法-形容词、副词

形容词、副词初中英语语法形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。例如：long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.什么叫形容词?形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分．形容词形容词的用法1.Heisagoodstudent.2.Sheisabeautifulgirl.3.Ihaveacleverpetdog.形容词作定语1)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时顺序：直接放名词或代词前面2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序：口诀:

冠代数形大,新色国材名注释：冠----冠词；代----代词；数----数词；形----形状、性质；大----大小、长短；新----新旧;色----颜色；国----国家、产地；材----材料、用途；名-----名词anoldbigbrownwoodenbox一个旧而大的棕色木箱子twotallyoungJapanesegirls两位高个、年轻的日本姑娘例题1)Tonyisgoingcampingwith___boys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo

2)Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace.

A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold

答案点拨：C由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)--性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。答案点拨:A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。

当形容词修饰由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.1.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?2.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.3.)修饰不定代词时常后置“不+形”1.Samishungry,he’dliketoeat____delicious.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.somewhere2.Don’tworry.Thereis____aboutyourillness.A.serioussomethingB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.something3.Thereis____intoday’snewspaper.It’sboring.A.somethingnewB.interestingnewC.nothingnewD.newnothing4.--Whocanhelpus?--___.we’lldoitourselvesA.EveryoneelseB.ElseeveryoneC.NobodyelseD.Elsenobody要点：不定代词修饰形容词，位置为“不形”CCCCThetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词。你能说出几个？aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable形容词作表语所谓表语形容词即指只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。这类形容词常见的有：

某些以a-开头的形容词：

afraid害怕的alive活着的alone单独的asleep睡着的awake醒着的Don’tbeafraid.别怕。

Nowthebabyisasleep.现在孩子睡着了。

Hewasaloneinthehouse.他独自一人在家里。

1.Shewas_____________(luck)tolosehermoneywhenshewentshoppinglastweekend.[04西宁]2.Thiskindofskirtlooks______andsells______

.[04天津]A.nice;wellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.good;niceunluckyA3.—WhatdoyouthinkofthestorywrittenbyMarkTwain?—Itis______.Ilikeit.[04昆明]A.boringB.boredC.interestedD.interestingD4.Youranswersounds_____.A.correctB.correctlyC.correctnessD.correcting5.Theywatchedamovieandfeltquite_____.A.sadB.sadlyC.sadnessD.sadyAA某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．有的已构成固定词组。形容词作宾语补足语1.Hemadeus

happy.2.Youmustkeeptheclassroom

clean．你应保持教室清洁。形容词的构成形容词的构成forget—forgetfulhelp—helpfulwonder—wonderfuluse—usefulcare—carefulbeauty—beautifulthank－thankfulcolour----colourful1、+ful2、＋edexcite—excitedworry—worried

surprise—surprisedclose—closedinterest—interestedfrighten—frightened3、+inginterest—interestingexcite—exciting

surprise—surprisingfollow—followingsun—sunnysnow—snowywind—windyrain-rainycloud—cloudyhealth—healthy4、+y所有表示天气状况的的形容词wool-woolenwood--wooden5、+en6、+ern(东西南北)east--easternwest--westernsouth-southernnorth--northernfriendly,daily,weekly,sillylively,lonely,lovely7.由“名词+ly”构成8.复合形容词aneight-year-oldboy一个八岁的男孩一段10分钟的步行路程aten-minutewalkatenminutes’walk放七天假haveaseven-dayholidayhaveasevendays’holidayhavesevendaysoff形容词的比较级和最高级构成和用法形容词的比较等级构成，有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。

形容词的比较级和最高级构成规则变化词尾变化原级比较级最高级单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级)或-est(最高级)以字母e接尾的词加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-esthappydryearly

narrowclever多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopularslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest不规则变化注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用that,those来代替前面的词。例如：TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.形容词原级的常用句型TomisastallasMike.

1、as+形容词原形+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.

否定notas+形容词原形+as“和…不一样”或notso+形容词原形+as“不及／不如…

TomisnotastallasMike.Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.

2、so+形容词原级+that丛句

such+名词＋that丛句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroomby

thedoor.3、…too+原级+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.

4、形容词原级+enoughtodosth.

1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词thanTomistallerthan

John2、Which/Whois+比较级,AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短语：much(…的多)、alot(…的多)、even(更…)、still（更…）、abit/alittle(…一点儿)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.形容词比较级的常用句型注意：very不能修饰比较级。More可构成比较级，但不能修饰比较级4、…isthe+比较级+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、…数量+比较级than…Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6、比较级+and+比较级，“越来越…”Nowitishotterandhotter.现在越来越热7、The+比较级…，the+比较级…“越…，就越…”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。

Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouwillbecome.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖1.…oneofthe+最高级+名词复数形容词最高级的常用句型2.…最高级+of(in)…(三者及以上范围的)3.Thisis/wasthe最高级+名词+that定语从句LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.

ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.

Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.

5.、the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/ofTheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina4、Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?注意：

用the+形容词最高级形式+in接单数名词用the+形容词最高级形式+of接复数名词或表示复数的代词。Whoisthetallestintheclass?Whoisthetallestofthestudents。使用形容词比较级时1、可用“比较级形式+thananyother+单数名词来表达最高级的意思Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheschool。注意2.形容词比较级前一般不加the。但可用the+比较级形式+ofthetwo…来表达两者之间的比较。Heisthebetterofthetwo.Ofthetwojobs，hechosetheharder.Marywasthemorebeautifulofthetwo.OfthetwoboysMikeisthetallerone.注意区别下列两个句子：加拿大和澳大利亚，哪个国家更大?

Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian?Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralian?注意使用形容词最高级时1.可用“oneof+the最高级形式+名词复数”表示“是最……之一者。oneofthemostbeautifulcitiesisshanghai上海是最美的城市之一。注意：2.最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。Whichisthefirstmostusefulinvention?哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？3.如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。Yesterdaywasmybusiestday.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。什么叫副词?very,early,out,soon,quickly,等等.副词副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种：1、时间和频度副词：now,then,often,always,early,today,already,soon,ago,yesterday等.2、地点副词：here,there,everywhere,out,in,home,upstairs,above,below,inside等.3、方式副词：carefully,politely,fast,well,extremely,等.4、程度副词：much,little,very,rather,too,rather,almost,so等.5、疑问副词：how,where,when,why（放在特殊疑问句前）副词的种类6、关系副词：when,where,why（通常引导宾语从句）7、连接副词：how,when,where,why,whether（通常引导定语从句）副词的比较等级构成和用法1、副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级：①原级；②比较级；③最高级。单音节词和少数双音节词构成方法原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er或-estfasthardlongsoonfasterharderlongersoonerfastesthardestlongestsoonest以字母e结尾的副词，加-r或-stlatelaterlatest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的副词，先把y变为i，再加-er或-estearlyearlierearliest2、不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbadlymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther较远(表示距离)further较远，进一步(表示程度)bestworstmostleastfarthestfurthest副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.

形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.注意：MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowly–mostslowly注意：1、副词very可以修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。例如：Thisflowerisverybeautiful.IlikeEnglishverymuch.(但不能说：IverylikeEnglish.)2、enough作副词时，用在形容词、副词之后；enough用作形容词时，放在名词前或后都可以。例如：Heisstrongenoughtolifttheheavybox.Themanhasgotenoughmoney(or:moneyenough)tobuyacar.

中考英语专项复习形容词和副词3、频度副词的比例表：always——100%,usually——80%,often——70%~60%,sometimes,attimes——30%~40%,seldom,hardlyever——5%,never——0%4、quite/rather

a+形容词+名词a+very+形容词+名词一个相当不错的女孩quite/ratheragoodgirlaverygoodgirl5、good&wellgood(形容词)well(副词)只有表身体好才用作形容词6、…thananyother+单数，比较级表最高级的意思

Davidjumpshighestinourclass.=Davidjumpshigherthananyotherstudentinourclass.

ThepopulationofChinais

largerthananyothercoutry

intheworld.

=ThepopulationofChinais

thelargest

intheworld.7、the+比较级…，the+比较级…表“越…就越…”Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.你学得越多，就懂得越多

你读得越多，你的英语就会越好。________________youread,________yourEnglishwillbe.8、比较级+and+同一比较级,表“越来越…”

越来越重越来越热越来越重要heavierandheavierhotterandhottermoreandmoreimportantThemorethebetter形容词变副词1、一般加-lycareful--slow--2、辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i再加-lyhappily注意：名词+ly，构成形容词，不是副词！weekly,monthly,friendlycarefullyslowlyhappy--heavy--heavily3、以e结尾的形容词：

true-trulyterrible-terribly

possibe--

possibly,

comfortabe-comfortably

wide–

widelypolite-politelyshy-shyly注意：下列词既是形容词也是副词early–earlylate-latehigh–highhard-hardwell–wellfar–farfast–fastdeep–deephardly，几乎不lately最近，近来（现在完成时态标志）highly高度地,赞许地

speakhighlyof高度评价

deep与deeply区别：deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"

练习巩固1.Whata_____cough!Youseem___ill.A.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terribly2.Thecarisrunning____.Itseemstobeflying.A.moreandfasterB.moreandfastC.fastandfastD.fasterandfaster3.Ifeeleven____now.A.badB.wellC.worseD.worst4.Shewasveryhappy.Sheran___ofalltherunners.A.fastestB.thequickestC.slowestD.quicklyADCA5.Keepquiet,please.It's___noisyhere.A.manytooB.toomanyC.muchtooD.toomuch6.—Haveyou__spokentoaforeigner?—No,____.A.already,neverB.ever,neverC.yet,alreadyD.ever,ever7.Heistallerthan_______inhisclass.A.anyboyB.anyboysC.anyotherboyD.someotherboyCBC8.I'llgoandvisityou______nextweek.A.sometimeB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometime9.--Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?--Itwasverybad.Itrained___.Peoplecould____goout.A.hard,hardB.hardly，hardC.hardly,hardlyD.hard，hardly10.Englishisas______asChinese.Youshouldlearnitwell.A.importantB.moreimportantC.themostimportantD.muchmoreimportantCDA11.Musicisnotsousefulasscience.It's_____usefulthanscience.A.fewerB.lessC.moreD.alot12.Helooks______.A.goodB.wellC.happilyD.worriedly13.We'veneverheardof___storybefore.A.suchastrangeB.suchstrangeC.soastrangeD.sostrange14.Youmustwearglasses.Theycankeepyoureyes___A.softB.safeC.safelyD.safety15.Wouldyoupleasespeak___?Istillcan'tfollowyou.A.slowB.muchslowC.muchslowlyD.moreslowlyBBABD16.--Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphyscis?--No,chemistryisn’tas___asPhyscis.A.easyB.difficultC.easierD.moredifficult17.Inthispartofthecountry,wateris___oil.A.sodearasB.asdearasC.dearasD.sodear18.Thebreadis____thanthesecakes.A.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdeliciousCBB19.Inourcityit’s____inJuly,butitiseven___inAugust.A.hotter;hottestB.hot;hotC.hotter;hotD.hot;hotterD20.--Didyouloveyourdaytrip?(10’南京)--Yes,weenjoyedtherollercoaster___ofall.A.mostB.littleC.needD.less21.Thoughhisgrandmotherlives___,sheneverfeels____.(10’无锡)A.alone,aloneB.lonely,lonelyC.alone,lonelyD.lonely,alone22.ThedoctorsinORBIShavedone____animportantjob___thepatientsareallgratefultothem.A.too,toB.so,thatC.such,thatD.as,asABC23.Mum!Thefishtastes___!CouldIhavesomemore?(10’南通)A.terribleB.wonderfulC.terriblyD.wonderfully24.Asthesportsmeeting,Simonjumpedas____asDaniel.(10’淮安)A.highB.higherC.slowD.slower25.Mr.Brownalwaysmakeshisclass___andkeepshisstudents___inclass.(10’镇江)A.alive,interestingB.lively,interestingC.alive,interestedD.lively,interestedBAD1.TheYellowRiveristhesecond________(long)riverinChina.2.ZhaoLeiisoneof_______________(young)boysinhisschool.3.Whichis___________(big),thesun,theearthorthemoon?longesttheyoungestthebiggest用所给词的适当形式填空.4.Maryhasthreebrothers.Smithis___________(tall)ofthethree.thetallest5.MountQomolangmais__________(high)intheworld.thehig