岁末将至敬颂冬绥2024年龙年小学生主题班会

岁末将至，敬颂冬绥春节快乐TheSpringFestivalDirectory目录TheOriginofSpringFestival（春节起源）Whatis"year"?（什么是“年”）SpringFestivalcustoms（春节习俗）SpringFestivalknowledge（春节常识）FestivalFood（节日美食）0102030405TheOriginofSpringFestival春节起源01春节风俗源远流长，是我们中华民族最隆重的传统节日TheSpringFestivalcustomshavealonghistoryandarethemostsolemntraditionalfestivalofourChinesenation春节起源于原始社会末期的“腊祭”，当时每逢腊尽春来，先民便杀猪宰羊，祭祀神鬼与祖灵，祈求新的一年风调雨顺，免去灾祸。TheSpringFestivaloriginatedfromthe"LaFestival"inthelateprimitivesociety.Atthattime,whentheendoftheLaFestivalcame,theancestorswouldslaughterpigsandsheep,worshipgods,ghosts,andancestors,andprayforgoodweatherandraininthenewyeartoavoiddisasters.据史籍记载，春节在唐虞时叫“载”.夏代叫“岁”，商代叫“祀”，周代才叫“年”。Accordingtohistoricalrecords,theSpringFestivalwascalled"Zai"duringtheTangandYudynasties.Itwascalled"Sui"duringtheXiadynasty,"Si"duringtheShangdynasty,and"Nian"duringtheZhoudynasty.Whatis"year"?什么是“年”02古时候有一种叫“年”的兽。“年”，头上长着角，非常凶猛恐怖。“年”长年居住深山，每到特定的一天(就是现在的除夕)才爬上岸，吞食牲畜伤害人命。Inancienttimes,therewasabeastcalled"Nian".Nian,withhornsonhishead,isveryfierceandterrifying."Nian"livedinthedeepmountainsforyearsandonlyclimbedashoreonspecificdays(nowNewYear'sEve),swallowinglivestockandcausingharmtohumanlife.因此，每到除夕这天，每个村里的人们全部逃往深山，以躲避“年”的伤害。Therefore,onNewYear'sEve,allthepeopleineachvillagefleetothedeepmountainstoavoidtheharmoftheyear.有一年除夕，从村外来了个乞讨的老人。OneNewYear'sEve,anelderlybeggarcamefromoutsidethevillage.乡里一片匆忙恐慌，没有人理会他，只有村东头一位老婆婆给了老人一些食物，并劝他快上山躲避“年”Thevillagewasinahurryandpanic,andnoonepaidattentiontohim.Onlyanoldladyintheeastofthevillagegavetheoldmansomefoodandadvisedhimtogoupthemountaintoavoid"Nian"那老人把胡子撩起来笑道:“婆婆若让我在家呆一夜，我一定把“年’赶走。”老婆婆继续劝说，乞讨老人笑而不语。Theoldmanliftedhisbeardandsmiled,"Ifmymother-in-lawasksmetostayathomeallnight,IwilldefinitelydriveawayNian."Theoldladycontinuedtopersuade,beggingtheoldmantosmilebutremainedsilent.Atmidnight,"Nian"bargedintothevillage半夜时分，“年”闯进村。它发现村里气氛与往年不同：村东头老婆婆家，门贴大红纸，屋内烛火通明。Itfoundthattheatmosphereinthevillagewasdifferentfrompreviousyears:attheeastendofthevillage,therewasawifeinlaw'shouse,thedoorwaspastedwithbigredpaper,andthehousewasbrightlylitwithcandles.“年”浑身一抖，怪叫了一声。"Nian"trembledalloverandletoutastrangecry.

将近门口时，院内突然传来“噼里啪啦”的炸响声，“年”吓得浑身发抖，再不敢往前凑了。Asheapproachedtheentrance,therewasasuddenexplosionsoundinthecourtyard.Nianwassofrightenedthathetrembledalloveranddarednotmoveforwardanymore.原来，“年”最怕红色、火光和炸响。这时婆婆的家门打开，只见院内一位身披红袍的老人在哈哈大笑。“年”大惊失色，狼狈逃蹿了。Originally,"Nian"wasmostafraidofred,flames,andexplosions.Atthismoment,mymother-in-law'sdooropenedandIsawanoldmaninaredrobelaughingloudlyinthecourtyard.Nianwasshockedandranawayinembarrassment.第二天是正月初一，避难回来的人们见村里安然无恙十分惊奇。这时，老婆婆才恍然大悟，赶忙向乡亲们述说了乞讨老人的许诺。Thenextdaywasthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth,andthepeoplewhohadtakenrefugewereverysurprisedtoseethatthevillagewassafeandsound.Atthismoment,mywifesuddenlyrealizedandquicklytoldthevillagersaboutthepromiseofbeggingtheoldman.Thismatterquicklyspreadinthesurroundingvillages,andpeopleallknewthewaytodriveawaytheNewYear.这件事很快在周围村里传开了，人们都知道了驱赶年”的办法。从此每年除夕，家家贴红对联、燃放爆竹;户户烛火通明、守更待岁。初一一大早，还要走亲串友道喜问好。Fromthenon,everyNewYear'sEve,everyfamilysticksredcoupletsandsetsofffirecrackers;Everyhouseholdisbrightlylitwithcandles,guardingthenightandwaitingforthenewyear.Earlyinthemorningofthefirstdayofjuniorhighschool,Istillhavetogoonafamilyandfriendshiptriptosayhello.这风俗广泛流传，成了中国民间最隆重的传统节日，就是春节!SpringFestivalcustoms春节习俗03“Dust”与“尘”是谐音(尘在汉语中的意思是旧的和过去的)。这样，“在春节前扫尘”是指彻底清洁房屋扫除过去闰年的厄运。勤劳勇敢的中国人民相信，只有把旧的坏运气赶走了，才能迎接美好新生活。所有的大扫除必须要在除夕夜之前完成。千干净净整整齐齐迎接新年，就是我们常说的辞旧迎新1.大扫除SpringCleaning在大扫除之后，大家会在家中门窗上贴上窗花。通常带有吉祥图案的窗花，传递节日喜庆和执闹的气氛和表达中国人期待幸福生活的美好愿望。除了贴窗花，在墙上，门上和房子周围的门框上巾大小福字是中国人表达对美好生活渴望的普遍习俗。一些人甚至倒贴福字来表示福到了，因为在汉语中“倒”是“到”的谐音。2.贴窗花PaperCut春联”或“对联”对立在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联是由贴在门口两侧两组对仗的句子组成，在门上面的横批通常是一个吉祥的短语不论是大富大贵还是贫困潦倒，学富五车还是乡野村夫，每家每户都要在新年时门前贴春联，以寄托对新年的美好祝愿。3.贴春联SpringCoupletTheSpringFestivalisatimefortheChinesetohavefamilyreuniononChineseNewYear'sEve(ChuXi)，thewholefamilymustsitatthetabletoeattheNewYear'sSuppertogether.Thismealisusuallymadefromscratchwiththeentirefamilyworkingtogether,andthismealisusuallythemostsumptuousmeqloftheyear.春节是一个合家团圆的日子，在除夕夜，全家都合家团圆一起共享除夕大餐。这顿饭通常是全家总动员，每个人都要参与，也通常是一年之中最丰盛美味的一餐。4.年夜饭FamilyReunionDinner5.放鞭炮FirecrackersLightingFirecrackersusedtobeoneofthemostimportantcustomsintheSpringFestivalcelebration,However,concerningthedangerandthenegativenoisesthatlightingfirecrackersmaybring,thegovernmenthasbannedthispracticeinmanymajorcities.Butpeopleinsmalltownsandruralareasstillholdtothistraditionalcelebration.Rightastheclockstrike12o'clockmidnightofNewYear'sEve,citiesandtownsarelitupwiththeglitterfromfireworks,andthesoundcanbedeafening.放鞭炮曾是春节庆祝活动中最重要的习俗之一。然而，担心燃放鞭炮可能会带来危险和烦人的噪音，政府已在许多大城市下令禁止燃放鞭炮。但在小城镇和地区的人们仍然坚持这种传统的庆祝活动。除夕夜一旦撞响午夜12点钟城市和乡镇都被烟花的闪闪光芒映亮，鞭炮声震耳欲聋ChildrenloveSpringFestivalbecausetheycanreceiveredpacket!Aredpacketissimplyaredenvelopewithluckymoneyinit,whichsymbolizesluckandwealth,IntraditionalChinesecultural,redisconsideredaluckycolor,redpacketisbelievedtowardoffevilspiritsandtobringgoodfortunetothereceiver.孩子们最爱过春节，因为春节有红包!红包就是在一个红包的小红包里装上压岁钱，寓意为幸运和财富。在中国传统文化中，红色是幸运色，大家相信红包能帮人赶走霉运，带来幸福富贵。6.压岁钱/红包LuckyMoney/RedPacket在过去，都是长辈给晚辈红包，但是现在这个概念已经扩大到朋友之音，有些公司也会把年终奖金放到红包里面发放SpringFestivalknowledge春节常识04福字要倒着贴吗?Doweneedtopastethe

character"fu"upsidedown?"Uprightontherightside,upsidedownontheside"“正处正贴，偏地倒贴”正处正贴:大门、厅堂应该正着贴。因为大门寓示着庄重、典雅，端端正正地贴在门上,有“迎福”和“纳福”之意偏地倒贴:垃圾桶、水桶、家里的箱柜等可倒着贴，倒贴福字，取“福到”之意Sidebysidereversepasting:Garbagebins,waterbuckets,andhouseholdcabinetscanbepastedupsidedownwiththeword"fu",meaning"fudao"HowdidSpringFestivalcoupletsevolve?"Taofu"isthepredecessorofSpringFestivalcouplets春联是如何演变而来?桃符”就是春联的前身StartingfromtheZhouDynasty,peachtalismanswerehungduringtheSpringFestival.Peoplewouldprayandwardoffevilspiritsbymakingpeachwoodboardsatthedoorandpaintingtwostatuesofdoorgodsonthem大约从周朝起,迎春就会挂桃符,人们为辟邪祈福,会在门旁,用桃木制成桃木板，在上面画两位门神的神像宋代的文人往往将诗句写在桃符上，逐渐演变成现在的春联LiteratiintheSongDynastyoftenwrotepoetryonpeachsymbols,graduallyevolvingintothecurrentSpringFestivalcouplets+春联也叫门对、春贴、对联、对子、桃符等,文字工整、对偶,言简意赅地抒发对新年的期盼WhatarethetypesofSpringFestivalcouplets?Springcouplets,alsoknownasdoorcouplets,springstickers,couplets,couplets,peachsymbols,etc.,areneatlywrittenandpaired,expressingexpectationsforthenewyearinaconciseandconcisemanner;春联有哪些种类？Classifiedbyplaceofuse按使用场所分类:“框对”:贴于左右两个门框上"Framepairing":pastedontheleftandrightdoorframes“门心”:贴在门的中间"Doorcenter":pastedinthemiddleofthedoor“横批”:贴在门帽的横木上"Horizontalbanner":pastedonthecrossbarofthedoorcap“春条”:根据内容贴于相应的地方，如:“春色满园出门见喜”等"SpringBar":Stickitinthecorrespondingplaceaccordingtothecontent,suchas"Springisfullofscenery,gooutandseejoy",etc斗斤”:正方菱形,贴在家具上"DouJin":asquarediamondshape,pastedonfurniture春联的上下联如何区分?HowtodistinguishtheupperandlowercoupletsofSpringFestivalcouplets?上联结尾字的音调须是仄声(拼音里的三声和四声Thetoneoftheendingcharacterinthecoupletmustbeatone(threetoneandfourtoneinPinyin)下联结尾字的音调须用平声(拼音里的一声和二声)Thetoneoftheendingcharacterinthelowerpartofthecoupletmustbeinaflattone(thefirstandsecondtonesinPinyin)HowtopostSpringFestivalcouplets?春联怎么张贴？传统的张贴春联讲究右手为上,，左手为下ThetraditionalwayofpostingSpringFestivalcoupletsemphasizesplacingtherighthandaboveandthelefthandbelow即春联的上联应贴在人面向门的右侧，下联贴在左侧目前，很多人按横批方向确定上下联的左右TheuppercoupletsoftheSpringFestivalcoupletsshouldbepastedontherightsidefacingthedoor,whilethelowercoupletsshouldbepastedontheleftside.Currently,manypeopledeterminetheleftandrightsidesoftheupperandlowercoupletsaccordingtothehorizontaldirectionofthebanner如果横批是从右向左书写，上联就应贴在右边，反之上联则贴在左边Ifthehorizontalstrokeiswrittenfromrighttoleft,theuppercoupletshouldbepastedontherightside;otherwise,theuppercoupletshouldbepastedontheleftside虽然与传统贴法不同，但也是一种民间习惯Althoughdifferentfromtraditionalpastingmethods,itisalsoafolkcustomFestivalFood节日美食05年糕Rice

cake年糕属于农历新年的应时食品，有红、黄、白三色，象征金银。Rice

cakeisaseasonalfoodfortheLunarNewYear,withthreecolors:red,yellow,andwhite,symbolizinggoldandsilver.饺子，是中国北方民间的主食和地方小吃，也是年节食品，过节吃饺子的习俗主要存在于北方地区。DumplingsareastaplefoodandlocalsnackinnorthernChina,aswellasafestivefood