年产一亿颗盐酸多奈哌齐胶囊的生产车间设计

ChapterSixWordFormationIChapterSixWordFormationI1IntroductionWehavediscussedthattheborrowingplaysanactiveroleintheexpansionofvocabulary.Inmoderntimes,vocabularyislargelyenrichedonaninternalbasis,thatisthroughwordformation.MorphologicalstructureAllomorphsTypesofMorphemesRootandStemIntroductionWehavediscussed2MorphologicalstructureItisgenerallyagreedthatawordisthesmallestwithofalanguage.However,inlinguistics,wehavelearnedthatmorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunits.Thus,themorphemeis“thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords/theminimaldistinctiveunitofgrammarandthecentralconcernofmorphology.Forexample:Denaturalization:de+nature+al+ize+ationMorphologicalstructureItis3年产一亿颗盐酸多奈哌齐胶囊的生产车间设计4年产一亿颗盐酸多奈哌齐胶囊的生产车间设计5TypesofMorphemesTherearedifferentwaysofclassifyingmorphemes.Thepopularmethodistogroupthemintofreemorphemesandboundmorphemesaccordingtotheircharacter.Boundmorphemesincludetwotypes:boundrootandaffixAccordingtothefunctionsofaffixes,theycanbedividedintoinflectionalandderivationalaffixes.Derivationalaffixes:prefixesandsuffixesTypesofMorphemesThereared6FreeMorphemesMorphemeswhichareindependentofothermorphemesareconsideredtobefree.Thesemorphemeshavecompletemeaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.Theyareidenticalwithrootwords,consistingofasinglefreeroot,asman,earth,wind,car,anger,etcItiscalledfreeroots.FreeMorphemesMorphemeswhich7BoundMorphemesMorphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsarebound.Theyaresonamedbecausetheyareboundtoothermorphemestoformwords.Theyarefoundinderivedwords.Forexample:Recollection,idealistic,ex-prisoner

Somewordsmadeupofonlyboundmorphemes,suchasantecedent,student

BoundMorphemesMorphemeswhic8BoundrootAboundrootisthatpartofthewordthatcarriesthefundamentalmeaningjustlikeafreeroot.Unlikeafreeroot,itisaboundformandhastocombinewithothermorphemestomakewords.Forexample:-dict-:Latinroot,meaningsayorspeakcontradict=speakagainst,contradictionpredict-tellbeforehand,predictiondictate,dictation,dictator,diction,dictionaryBoundrootsarefromLatinorGreekBoundrootAboundrootistha9AffixesTheyareformsthatareattachedtowordsorwordelementstomodifymeaningorfunction.Almostallaffixesareboundmorphemes,becausefewcanbeusedasindependentwords.However,wecanstillfindexceptions:Yourarticleisfullofisms.

AffixesTheyareformsthatar10InflectionalaffixesAffixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional,knowasinflectionalmorphemes.Englishhasafewinflectionalaffixes.S/es---regularpluralsuffix/Simplepresentforthirdpersonsingular’s------possessivecaseofnounser/est---comparativedegree,superlativedegreeed-------pasttensemarker/pastparticipleing-----presentparticiple/gerundsInflectionalaffixesAffixesa11DerivationalaffixesDerivationalaffixesareaffixesaddedtoothermorphemestocreatenewwords.Prefixcomesbeforetheword,changingthemeaningoftheoriginalwords:subway,maltreat,forehead,etcSuffixcomesaftertheword,changingthewordclass:northward,bloody,purify…Tosumup,lookatthefollowingdiagram.DerivationalaffixesDerivatio12ThreeTypesofwordTherearethreetypesofwords:Simplewords:Asimplewordisonewhichcontainsonlyonefreeforms.Compoundwords:ItisoneconsistsofmorethanonefreeformComplexwords:Itisonewhichiscomposedofonefreeformandoneormorethanoneboundform.ThreeTypesofwordThereare13RootandStemBeforewebeginouractualdiscussionofword-buildingprocess,therearesomerelatedconceptswhichneedclassifying.Theaffixationandcompoundinginvolvedifferentword-formingelementsofaffixesandrootorstem.Sometimes,rootandstemcanusedinterchangeably.Butinourdiscussion,theyaredifferent.RootandStemBeforewebegin14RootArootisthebaseformofawordthatcannotfurtherbeanalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.Thatistosay,itisthatpartofthewordleftwhenalltheaffixesareremoved.Nationistherootofnational,nationalize,international,nationalization,nationalized,internationalizedandinternationalization.RootArootisthebaseformo15StemAstemisanymorphemeorcombinationofmorphemestowhichaffixesofanykindcanbeadded.NationisthestemofnationalNationalisthestemofnationalizeandinternationalInternationalisthestemofinternationalizeInternationalizeisthe