大学英语语法汇总

大学英语语法汇总

一、名词

（一）以S结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致

1、以S结尾的疾病和游戏

arthritis,bronchitis,rickets,measles,mumps,diabetes,darts,marbles做主语时谓语

动词应使用单数形式。例：Arthritiscausespaininthejoints.

特殊情况：有一些疾病/游戏名词作谓语动词可单可复：measles,rickets

Cards做主语动词用复数；darts,marbles指游戏使用的具体的镖和弹子意义时，谓语动词

marbles可单可复，darts用复数形式。

例：Measlesalwayscccur/occursamongkids.

Ninedartsarethrownateachturn.

2、以s结尾的学科名称

physics,mathematics,optics,acoustics,politics,athletics,tactics,linguistics,et

c做主语时谓语动词使用单数。

例：Mathematicsisalwaysaheadacheforgirls.

Politicsalwaysattractsboys.

特殊情况：如果这些词并不是只带“学科〃等意义，谓语动词便可做复数使用。例如，

mathematics运算能力，athletic体育运动，acoustics音响效果，tactics策略，economics

经济学意义。

例：TheacousticsinBonJovi'sTulsaconcertwerebeyondcriticismlastspring.

3、以s结尾的地理名称

TheStates,theunitedstates,theNetherlands,thePhilippines,theUnitedArab

Emirates,theUnitedNation做主语时，谓语动词使用单数。

例：TheNetherlandsisaEuroupeancountry.TheSatesisadevelopedcountry

特殊情况：如果主语是群岛archipelago,山脉mountains,海峡straits,瀑布waterfalls,

运动会games等，谓语动词那么使用复数。

例：TheNanshaIslands（TheSpratlyIslands）areintegralpartofChina.

TheWuyimountainsarepicturesque.

TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.

4、其他以S结尾的名词

（1）成双成对出现的名词做主语时：例如jeans,compasses（圆规）

scissors,pincers,glasses,pants,shorts,trousers,slacks,suspenders等谓语动词使用

复数.

例：Theslacksaresocompleteful.TheHengdaliglassesaresopricey.但是力口上单

位词那么使用单数。

例：Onepairofglassesisfarfromenoughwhenyoutravelabroad.

（2）英语中还有一些以s结尾的名词，如

archives,arms,clothes,contents,eaves,fireworks,firecrackers,goods,morals,thank

s等，谓语动词使用复数。

例：Thefirecrackersaresoloud.Manythanksgotomywifeandherfloks.

（3）Ings结尾的名词谓语动词一般使用复数。如，

clippings,diggings,earnings,fillings,sweepings,etc

例：Hisearningsareprettygood.

特殊情况：tidings（旧）做主语时谓语动词可单可复。

例Goodtidingsarecheerful.

（4）英语中有一些词，单复数同形，例如

barracks,headquarters,means,series,species,works,sheep,deer谓语动词本艮据实际情

况而定。

例：Thismeansoftransportationdoesnotworkforme.

Thismeanshavebeentried.

TheseendangeredspeciesarewellprotectedinmainlandChina.

（5）少数的名词做单数和复数时意义不一样。

例：Whatistheodds?（有什么要紧）

Theoddsareinourfavors.（形式对我们有利）

特殊情况：Remains做“遗体〃时，谓语动词使用复数，如果当“遗迹〃”剩余物〃时，

谓语动词可单可复。

例：Theprimeminister'sremainswereburiedinthevicinityofthechurch.

Thereremainsoftheancientcapitalhasbeenreducedtodebrisafterthe

massivequake.

Theremainsofthemealwas/werefedtothedog.

（二）集体名词做主语的主谓一致

1、通常做复数的集体名词

police,people,cattle,militia,poultry,personal,clergy,vermin等做主语时谓语动词

使用复数。

例：Theclergyremaindividedontheissueofwomenpriests.

Thepersonal（总称：员工）arereluctanttoaltertherules.

2、通常做单数的集体名词：foliage〔叶子总

称）,machinery,equipment,furniture,merchandise,clothing（clothes）,poetry（poem,p

oet）,baggage,luggage,scenery,jewellery（jewel）.

例：AllthemachineryismadeinChina.

Thewoodenfurnitureisunaffordable.

3、可单可复的集体名词：

congregation,family,government,public,crew,class,committee,audience,couple,nat

ion,population等谓语动词根据实际情况对待。

区U：Thefamilyisalargeone.Thefamilyareeatingsalmonattable.

4、Acommittee/panel/boardof+pl.,谓语动词通常使用单数。例：Apanel

ofexpertsistogiveitsopiniononwaystotacklecongestion.

（三）problemsofconcordwithacoordinatesubjiect

1、and连接的是一个人/一件事

例：Theteacherandinterpreterhasbeenlaidupforacoupleofdays.

Earlytobedearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.

2、and连接成对出现的名词：knifeandfork,cartandhorse,needleandthread,lawand

order,breadandbutter,hamandeggs,cerealandmilk,fishandchips,pancakesand

syrup,etc.

例：Breadandbutterisatastybreakfastinwesternculture.

Fishandchipsisapopularytake-awayfoodthatoriginatedintheUnited

Kingdom.

3、and连接every/each/no/manya+单数名词，谓语动词使用单数。

例：Everymaleandeveryfemalehastoevacuatefromthepowerplant.

Manyamanandwomaninthiscommunityfindshimselforherselfinneed.

Noboyandnogirlisplayingtennis.

4、and连接专有名词：theStarsandStripes,theBatandball.

例：ThebatandBallisadelightfulInnwithlotsofexposedbeams,flagstone

floors,roaringlogfires&cathedralcandlesallcreatingatraditionalvillage

atmosphere.

TheStarsandStripeswasadoptedastheflagoftheUnitedStatesonJune14,1777.

5、or/either...or.../not..but../notonly..butalso../neither..nor..连接的主语按

Theprincipleofproxiomity（就近原那么）

例：EitheryouorIamwrong.AreeitheryouorIwrong?

6、主语+asmuchas/ratherthan/morethan/nolessthan/aswellas/inaddition

to/with/alongwith/togetherwith/except/but,etc.

例：Ateacher,withhisstudents,iswatchinganEnglishmovie.

Theking,withthelordsandcommons,constitutestheirgovernment.

Hiscousinratherthanhisparentsisheldresponsibleforthisinhumanemassacre

（四）Problemsofconcordwithexperessionsofquantityassubject

1、DefiniteQuantity〔确定数量）

①时间、数量、金钱、距离、重量等做主语时作为整体看待

快!］：100dollarsmeansalottoakindofhisage.300poundsmakesanobeseguy.

②Therebe句型例外：Thereare10dollaresinhispocket.

③Fraction分数/percentage百分数+of,谓语动词和of后的名词保持一致

例：Twothirdsoftheappleisrotten.

Eightpercentofthestudentshavebeenmuggedinthisarea.

④population例Fifty-fivepercentofChina'spopulationliveintheruralarea

©operations运算

Addition力口：plus,andAubtraction减：minus,subtractedby

Multiplication乘：（multiplied）by,timesDivision除：dividedby

都可以使用单数，但是加法和乘法有时候可以用复数。

Fortyminustwentyleavestwenty.Twotimesequalssixteen.

⑥onein/outofn.一般使用单数，有时使用复数

例：Oneintengirlsdatesincollege.

2、IndefiniteQuantity（不确定数量〕

①all/some/none/half71nostof+n.谓语动词根据of后面的名词来定

例：Mostofthemoneyhasbeenspentontravelingabroad.

MostoftheAmericanhighschoolboyshavedates.

NonebutthebestcoffeeisgoodenoughforLynne.

②aportion/series/pile/panelof,of后面的名词一般使用单数

修U：Apileoflogsispilingup.Apanelofexpertsisunabletoreachanagreement.

③akind/type/sortof,of后面通常跟不可数名词或者单数名词，谓语动词使用单数。

Thistypeofsportscarisreallycostly.{HCarsofthistypearecostly.

④these/thosekindof+pl.谓语动词使用单数

例：Thesekindofbirdsaresorareforthishighlatitude.

⑤manya/morethanone谓语动词使用单数

例：Manyastudenthasfiledcomplaints.

MorethanonecarcompanyhaslodgedclaimsagainstKumhoTires.

3、OtherproblemsofS-Vconcord

①NominalClause名词性从句谓语动词一般使用单数

例：Howhecameherewasamystery.

Howhecamehereandwhyhecamehereweremysterious

②SVC结构中，如果c是名词复数，那么谓语动词可单可复。

例：Whatisofimportancetomeis/arethedetailsofmywife'slife.

③Non-finiteClauses,doing/todo做主语谓语动词使用单数

例：Toseeistobelieve.TotakeMandarintakescourage.

④RelativeClauses,定语从句中的谓语动词和先行词保持一致。

例：Janeisoneofthefewgirlswhodon'tlikeproms.

⑤***oneof...,the(very/only)oneof...

例：Janeistheonlyoneofthefewgirlswhodoes'slikeproms.

⑥CleftSentences,强调句谓语动词和主语一致。

例：It'sIwhoammistanken.

©ExistentialSentences,Theprincipleofproximity(就近原那么)

例：Thereisathank-younoteandtwowristbandsonthetable.

4、Miscellaneous(其他)

①The+adj.:thedead/rich/living/wealthy/wounded/blind/deafect谓语动词复数

例：Thedeadarehauntingthegirlslivingonthatcornoroftheneighborhood.

②a(the)numberof,a(the)totalof区分

Anumberoffarmersareprotestingagainstbuildinganewairportonthefarmland.

③Oneandahalf做主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。

例：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.

©LargequantitiesofsandhavebeentransportedtotheYangtzeRiver.

(四)CollectiveNouns

1、有的集体名词只做复数：people,police,cattle,verminect.

有的集体名词只做单数：mankind,furniture,machinery,merchandiseect.

有的集体名词可单可复：family,crew,governmentect.

特殊情况:有一些集体名词具有个体意义：

Thecossetedcouplehavefourfamiliestosupport.

Thefamilyareeatinglunch.

Thefamilyiscomposedofthreepeople.

Beforeliberation,Chinausedtohavetwogovernmentsforawhile.

Thegovernmentistryingtocurbonlinecrimes.

Thegovernmentarenegotiatingthein-depthdetailswiththeforeignentyepreneur.

2、MaterialNouns,物质名词一般为不可数名词，没有单数、复数之分。

特殊情况：物质名词如果作为复数出现，意义不同。

haveabeer?Havetwobeers

haveteaLongjingisaworld-famoustea.

whitehairHehasafewwhitehairs.

sandsands沙沙滩

waterwaters水大片水体

food/fruitfoods/fruits食物/水果多种食物/水果

coffee/twocoffees咖啡/两杯咖啡

rubber〔橡皮胶鞋）橡胶Wewearrubbersonour

feetwhenitrains.

stone（石头）石料Marbleisaprecious

stone.

Egg（鸡蛋）蛋渍Thereissomeeggonhis

nose.

Lamb（羔羊〕羊羔肉Thereislambon

today?smenu.

onion（洋葱头）洋葱味Yousmellofonion.

Thechairsaremadeof

wood/thelostmany

Wood1树林）木材elled,hopingthatsome

inthewoodscouldhear

him.

iron（熨斗〕铁Ihaveonesteamiron.

Paper（论文，报纸）纸张Ihaveapapertoweite.

Glass（玻璃杯〕玻璃Thisisamadeof

temperedglass.

cloth（一块布）布料Thisisaclothforthe

table.

Chicken（小鸡）鸡肉Mynieceraisesa

chickenasherpet.

Fire（火灾〕火Afirebrokeoutinthe

trailerparklastnight

3、AbstractNouns,抽象名词没用单复数之分，因为不能计数。

修U：Knowledgeispower.Beautyistruth.Kindnessisavirtue.

但是有的抽象名词使用单数和复数意义不同。

sympathyl同情、怜悯）sympathies（慰问、同情、怜悯）

experience（经验）experiences（经历）

relation（关系）relations（亲戚）

youth（青春）youths（男青年）

worry（忧愁、烦恼）worries（烦恼事）

distraction（心烦）distractions（心烦得事）

business（商业、交易）bussinesses（商店、商行）

kindness（仁慈）kindness〔善行）

Success（成功）Successes（成功者、成功得事）

failure（失败）Failures（失败者、失败的事）

Space（空间〕Aspace（空格）

disappointment（失望）disappointments（令人失望得事）

4、family,room,mouth,ear在某些搭配中可以表示抽象概念。

例：havetoomuchfamily/winter/mouth

Havetoolittleear,makeroomfor,feelthepatriotrise

5、man,croward,coquette,politician,sportsman,scholar,poet,fool等词在某些搭酉己中

成了不可数名词。

例：tobefoolenough,moreofafoolthan,asmuchofafoolas,toomuchofa

fool,enoughofaman,somethingofacelebrity

6、专有名词有时候具有可数名词来使用。

例：TheSongsusedtoholdswayinChina.

IwishtobecomeanEdison.IwillbuyaFord/Lincoln.

TheTwoChinasPolicycannotbebrookedbytheChinesepopulation.

（五）IndependentGenitive（独立属格）：thedooroftheclassroom/thedog's

ower/TomandJohn'sroom/Tom?sandjohn'sbooks/themapoftheworld

（六）DounleGenitive（双重属格）：afriendofmymothers

必须满足三个条件：of前不能特指，即不得加the,但是可以使用this/that/some/any

etc;of后面必须指人；of后必须特指。

例：somebooksofmine/afriendsofmine/acaroftony's

注意区另U：aportraitofChairmanMao/aportraitofChairmanMao's

thispictureofMarvin/thispictureofMarvin's

（七）Determiners（形容词排序）

县官行令杀国才

限定词观看形状年龄颜色国别材料

less/least在非正式英语中可以用来修饰可数名词复数。

例：Lessandlessstudentsgoabroadforthepurposeofoverseaseducation.

Xinjianghastheleastpeoplepersquareme.

fewFewlocalsvisitlocal修饰可数名词表否认意

pointsofinterest.义,修饰不可数名词表肯

定意义

afewAfewcouplesget

marriedinfrontofthe

townhall.

littleThereislittlewater修饰不可数名词表否认

leftinthethermal意义

bottle.Theyaresuch

littlechildrenthat

theydontn?tqualify.

AlittleThereisstillalittle修饰可数名词表肯定意

roomforus.义

all,both,every,always,entirely,altogether,completely,quite,allthetime等词和

否认词连用表示局部否认。如果表示完全否认，那么用no,none,neither,no

one,never,not（never）..atall

例：Allthatglittersisnotgold.Thisflowerisnotseeneverywhere.

Bothgirlsarenottall.AllareleavingfortheU.S.Alliswellwithme.

代词的排序问题：

单数人称代词并列做主语时，其顺序为you,his/she/it,I

例：You,heandIshouldreturnontime.

复数人称代词做主语时，其顺序为we,you,they

例：We,youandtheyareallsupposedtodefendourmotherlandintimesofwar.

特殊情况：在以下情况中，第一人称放在前面。

①在成认错误，承当责任时：ItwasandJohnwhoupsettherowdykids.

②在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称：Iandyoushouldtrytoget

itfinishedbytomorrowevening.

（八）PresentPerfect〔现在完成时）：have/hasdone

1、for/since/already/just/never/ever/before/yet/lately/recently/sofar/inthe

last（past）fewyears/uptillnowetc.

2、Don'tconfuseHavebeentoandHavegoneto

例：HergreatunclehasbeentotheIvoryCoast.（点动词、短暂性动词）

Hismother-in-lawhasgonetotheBalticcountyies〔段动词、延续性动词）

3、点动词：but/borrow/1eave/join/die/marry/come/go/lose/begin/stop/arrive/lend

但是，如果现在完成时的谓语动词是点动词的否认形式，那么这种动作是可以延续的。

修U：Hehasn'tlefthomeforonemonth.Ihaven'tseenyouforsolong.

4、It's（time）since...

例：It'sbeen2yearssinceIleftmyhomecity.

It'sbeen2yearssinceIlivedinhere.

It's2weekssinceIcaughtacold.

It's3monthssinceIgotmarried.

It'sbeen6weekssinceIwasmarried.

5、Itisthefirst/second...lasttime+thatclause从句一律使用完成时

例：ItisthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeendrugtested.

LastyearwasthefirsttimethatIhadtraveledtoOceania.

（九）PastPwrfect（过去完成时）：haddone,hardly/scarcelyhad...when,nosooner

had...than

例：Hardlyhadwemadeittherewhenthebumbegantofilecomplints.

1、hope/think/expect/intend/mean/suppose/want使用过去完成时，可以表示过去未实

现的希望、打算、意图。

例：Ihadhopedtoseatmyselfwithoutbeingrecognized.

Ihadintendedtocomevisityourfamilylastweek,butIgotsosick.

2、Constructionsdenotingfuturetime

Will/shalldo,begoingtodo/bedoing/beabouttodo/betodo

3、PassiveVoice

bedone,am/is/aredone,was/weredone,willbedone/begoingtobedone,has/have/had

beendone,bebeingdone,besupposedtodo

4、无被动语态：happen,look,appear,die,last,lie,breakout,cometrueect.

例：Mydreamshavecometrue.Thecarwreckhappenedthismorning.

5、It's+pastparticiple+that:It?ssaid/believed/knownthat...

6、CausativeVerbs:let/make/have

例：Myschooldistrictmakesthestudentgovernmentpostadsonthebillboards.The

studentgovernmentismadetopostadsonthebillboards.

7、Senseverbs:see/watch/observe/lookat/hear/listento/noticeetc.

例：Hisstepmomhearshimplaythepianoeverymornong.

Heisheardtoplaythepianoeverymorning.

Hissisterheardhimplayingpercussioninstrumentsnextdoor.

Hewasheardplayingpercussioninstrumentsnextdoor.

8、PassiveVoice:need/require/want/demand/bewroth后跟ing可表示被动概念。例:The

blockbusteriswellworthwatching.Therockingchairrequiresrepairing.Thediaper

needschanging.

9、主动结构表被动。例：Tomatoesbruiseeasily.Thewindowwon'tshut.Thedoor

doesn'tlock.Thefoodstoreclosesat5pm.Thematerialwon'twear.HarryPotteer

sellswell.Potatoescookslowly.Hisworksareprionting.

10、不及物动词无被动语态，但有时候be+vi.pastpartisiple是系表结构。

Thegalisgone.Thesunisalreadyrisen.Theleavesareallfallen.Thedogis

returned.

（十）SubjunctiveMood（虚拟语气）

英语中的三种语气：陈述、祈使、虚拟。虚拟语气［SubjunctiveMood）表示说话人说的不

是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、疑心、或推测。例：Iftherewerenosubjunctive

mood,Englishwouldbealoteasiertolearn.

1、If条件句中的虚拟语气

时间谓语动词白勺虚拟形式

现在动词过去式（be多用would/should/could/mi

were）fht+have+过去分词

过去had+过去分词would/should/could/mi

ght+have+过去分词

将来动词过去式或would/should/could/mi

should/wereto+动词原ght+动词原形

形

2、suppose,supposing有时候可以替换if

例：Tfitwerenotrainingnow,wewouldgoforapicnic.

IfheknewEnglish,hewouldn?tturntomeforhelp.

Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninveted.

Ifmumhadn'tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.

IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldbuyanewcar.

IfIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.

IfIweretobeadmittedtouniversitynextyear,IwouldmajorinFrench

3、在省略If的条件状语从句的虚拟语气中的助动词提前

快）］：1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.

Hadyoucomeafewminutesearlier,...

2.Ifitshouldraintomorrowwewouldn'tgoout.

Shoulditraintomorrow,...

3.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoout.

Wereittoraintomorrow,...

（H—）Ariant

1、含蓄条件句：虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文中，从句不表现。这时，必须根据句中表述

的意义以及某些特定的信息词，如：介词without,butfor；副词otherwise,连词or,

orelse等

句型：ifitwerenotfor...（现在或将来）ifithadn'tfor...（过去）

例：Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.

YesterdayJanewalkedawayfromthedission.Otherwise,shemighthavesaidsth

shewouldregretlater.

2、时间错综句：Iftheflowerhadbeenwatered,itwouldn'tdienow.

Ifhistelevisionsethadnotbeenstolenyesterday,hewouldbewatchingTVnow.

3、虚实错综句：虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起的句子。

例：Theymighthaveleftearlier,butthecarwasn?tready.

Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.

Yes.Ataxiwasn'tatallnecessary.

（十二）should+verb型虚拟语气

虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用：一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求及其他

inist,order,command,decree;suggest,propose,advise,move,recommend;demand,requir

e,request,ask;resolve,decide,prefer,vote,resolve,desire,urge

1、用于宾语从句

例：Themanisistedheshouldbesenttothefront.

Isuggestedthatweshouldstartoutearlier.

当inist表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当suggest为“说明〃“暗示〃时，从句用陈

述语气而不用虚拟语气。

例：TheArabinistedthathehadn'tseenthecamel.

Hissmilesuggestedthathewashappy.

2、在主句从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成Itis过去分词

/natural/important/necessary/strange/advisable/vital/apity/ashame/inperative/d

esirable/appropriate/essential/fitting/impossible/obligatory/properetcthat句

型

例：It'snaturalthathemakeanapologytohim.

It'sapitythathebesocareless.

It'ssostrangethatshethinksso.

3.表语从句：这类名词有suggestion,request,order,advice,resolution,motion,

decision,decree,demand,instruction,requirement,idea等“坚持/命令/要求”。

例：Theofficer'sorderwasthathissoldiersshouldgointothesubjectatfull

length.Myadviceisthatnocollegestudentdateinclass.

4、同位语从句：suggestion,request,order,advice,resolution,motion,decision,

decree,demand,instruction,requirement,idea等“坚持/命令/要求”。

例：Ididnotreceivetheorderthatyoushoulddepartatonce.

Hissuggestionthatyoushouldkeepsilentsoundsquitereasonable.

(十三)一般过去时句型：一般过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。

1、使用could,would等过去式表示委婉语气。Couldyoupleasehelpmeout?

2、用于sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase,lest等引导目的状语从句。

Themeetingwillbeputoffincaseit(should)rain.

Theyclimedhighersothat/inorderthattheycouldseethewholecity.

Sheisworkinghardforfearthatshecould/mightlagbehindothers.

(incase不——定使用虚拟：IncaseIamlate,startwithoutme.)

Shepulledawayfromthewindowlestanyone(should)seethem.

**从句假设为否认,一般用shouldn't.Helockedthedoorofhisroominorderthat

heshouldn'tbedisturbedbysomeone.

3、Itis(high/about)timethat...

例：It'stimethattheproblemwereboss.

It'shightimethatweshutdownforbed.

4、asif/asthough

Hebehavesasifheweremyboss.TheyarestaringatmeasifIwerecrazy.

Hedeliveredthespeechasiftosaythathewasapunditinthisfield.

Itisasifhewerenotanalien.

5、Wish

IwishIwereabird.Iwishyouhadn'tgotmarried.

IwishIcouldhavegonetothemovielastnight.

6、Ifonly

IfonlyIcouldfly/IfonlyIhadrememberedtogetsomegumforeveryday.

7、wouldrather/hadrather/wouldsooner/hadsooner/would(just)assoon

Iwouldratherthatmycousinhadn'tbeenintoxicatedlastnight.

Ihadratherthematterwerenotmadepublic.Iwouldrathernottellyou.(十四)

动词原型：该类虚拟语气谓语动词用动词原形，第三人称也不加S

1、表示强烈愿望：Godsaveme.LongliveChairmanMao!

2、may放在句首表示说话人对对方的祝福。Mayyoubehappy.Mayyouprosper.

3、让步虚拟语气：as或whether...or...谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种

用法通常采用倒装结构。

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,bethey

Christian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

Thebusinessofeachday,beitsellinggoodsorshippingthem,wentquitesmoothly.

(十五)NominalClause(名词性从句)

1、①Statement陈述句：Hiishonest.Webelievethatheishonest.Paymentshould

bemadewithinfivedays.Thesellerdemandedthatpaymentshouldbemadewithin

fivedays.

②陈述句变宾语从句：加that并且时态要发生变化。

区U：Connerisanalien.Mr.HanconfirmedthatConnorwasanalien.

③如果是客观真理，时态不用变化。Theearthrevolvesroundthesun.Thegeography

teachertaughtusthattheearthrevolvesroundthesun.

④否认前移：当主句的主语为第一人称且动词是think,believe,suppose,guess,imagine,

expect,suspect等时，假设从句是否认句，应当把否认词转移到主句上来。Idon'tthink

youareright.Ididn'tsupposeyoucare.Wedidn'tguessthegirl'steamwould

win.

⑤如果宾语从句是两个陈述句，那么第二个从句中的that不可省略。

Healwayssays(that)hedoesn'ttakedrugsandthathedoesn'tminglewiththe

gang.

2、GeneralQuestion(——般疑问句］：Areyoualocal?Mr.Hanaskedmewhether/ifIwas

alocal.Doyoustillworkedinthatchemicalplant?Myspouseaskedmewhether/if

Istillworkedinthatchemicalplan.

①加whether/if可以把一般疑问句变为宾语从句，保持陈述句语序，时态与主语一致。

whether/if区别：做介词宾语时只能使用whether(Itdepentsonwhethertherainwill

letuptomorrow);和不定式连用的时候只能用whether(Idon'tknowwhetherto

vacationornot);和ornot连用时一般使用whether(It'snotcertainwhetherheis

aconvictornot);如要表达“如果”的意思，只能使用if(Iamwonderingifwewill

havethesportsmeetifwehaveaduststormtomorrow)discuss,wonder后做宾

语从句时，用whether弓|导(Wearediscussingwhetherwewillputoffthemeeting);

如果宾语从句放在句首,一般使用whether(Whetherhewilldivorce,Iamnotcertain);

用在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中时只能使用whether(Whetheritistrueremains

aquestion.Thequestioniswhetherthejurorhasanopenmind.Thequestionwhether

wehavetodispatchforcesisstillpendingintheSenate);wherter/ifthatfI

doubtwhether/if我疑心。。。是否Idon'tdoubtthat...我毫不疑心。。。)

3、SpecialQuestion(特殊疑问句)

①Howdoyoulocatemyhouseongoogleearth?

②HewantedtoknowhowIlocatedhishouseongoogleearth.

③Whoisresponsibleforthecross-bordercrime?

©Interpolarewonderingwhoisresponsibleforthecross-brodercrime.

⑤sum-up:从句使用陈述句语序，从句语态和主语时态保持一致，从句人称要和主语保持逻

辑上的一致。

4、SubjectClauses

①Thattherenownedprofessorwilldeliveralectureiscertain.

②It'ssaidthatAnyangisoneofthefestestgrowingcitiesinCentralChina's

HenanProvine.

©Whetherhewillremaryornothasn'tbeendecied.

④Ithasnotbeendecidedwhetherhewillremaryornot.

⑤WhythegirlisnotinterestedinCaucasianguysismyquestion.

（6）Whatresultedinthebigfireisstillamysrery.

©Whoeverleavesthecofficehastoshutthedoor.

⑧注意whoever/whatever/however的用法

5、Appositiveclauses

①Theideathatwewillextendaninvitationsoundsprettynice.

②Thequestionwhetherwecangotothemovieshasn'tbeensettled.

6、Subjectcomplement

①That'swhatwearesupposedtodo.

②Thequestioniswhetherwecangettherewithin3hours.

③WhatIamthinkingisthatweshouldleaveforBeijingrigutaway.

（十六）ModalVerbs:一般情况下，情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词第三人称

单数不加So

1、can/beableto表示先天的能力；可能（过去时用could）,只用于现在式和过去式

（could）。beableto可以用于各种时态。TheywillbeabletowatchFoxnews.Ihave

beenabletospeakbrokenJapanese.

2、只用beableto:位于助动词之后；情态动词之后；表示成功地做了某事，只能用

was/wereableto,不能用couldoHewasabletofleeEuropebeforeWWIIbrokeout.=He

managedtofleeEuropebeforethewar