外研版中考英语宾语从句语法讲解

宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。结构：主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序）【注意：1~引导词.that2~语序v.+主+谓由if、whether引导宾语从句3~时态：A.主句现在时从句任一时态】

由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语

和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.

Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.

Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.

2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?

Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.

CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?

Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.

3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.

Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether

①在不定式前：Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.

②在介词前：Itdependson（依靠）whetheritisgoingtorain.

③与ornot连用：Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.语法点：由if或whether引导的宾语从句

词汇：if,whether,ask,wonder,know,…

句型：…asks/asked/wonders/wondered/wantstoknow/wantedtoknowif/whether…

宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.

Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?

Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.【练习】1．—Couldyoutellme________?--FillinthisformandIwillgiveyouacard.A.howIcanmeetCathy B.whereIcanmeetCathy C.whenIcanmeetCathy2.–Doyouknow________themanwithsunglassesis?-I’mnotsure.Maybeareporter.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.how3.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?

A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid

4.Iwanttoknow_________.

A.whatishisnameB.what’shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis

5.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?

A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which

6.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.

A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping

C.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping

7.Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?

A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which宾语从句的时态

1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如：Idon’tthink(that)youareright.

Pleasetelluswhereheis.

CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?

2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

Heaskedwhattimeitwas.

Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.

HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.

HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.

3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.

Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.不省略引导词that当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时；当宾语从句较长时；当主语状语置于主句尾，宾语从句之前时；当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，此时第一个that可以省略，第二个that不可以省略；当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时；当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时；当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时；当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时；当宾语从句有it做其先行词时；在直接引语中，转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.当that在从句中充当主语时【练习】中考真题：39.—Haveyouaskedthepoliceman_______?—Yes.HetoldustoturnleftontoMainStreet.It’sontheright.A.ifthereisabanknearhereB.howcanwegettothenearestbankC.wherecanwefindabankD.whenwecangotothenearestbank44.-Doyouknow____?-8,844.43meters.It'sapopularplacewithmountainclimbers.A.howhighisQonolangmaB.howlongisQonolangmaC.howhighQomolangmaisD.howlongQonolangmais43.Davidasked______inChina.Ofcoursenot.Chineseusuallyshakehandswithaladyasagreeting.A.whyhecangreetaladybykissingherB.WhyhecouldgreetaladybykissingherC.WhetherhecangreetaladybykissingherD.Whetherhecouldgreetaladybykissingher45.-Iwonder______.-ItwillfallonaSaturday.A.howwillNationalDayfallonthisyearB.HowNationalDaywillfallonthisyearC.WhatdaywillNationalDayfallonthisyearD.WhatdayNationalDaywillfallonthisyear练习根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子

4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？

Couldyoutellme_______IcangettotheBellTower?

2.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer..

3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。

Iwanttoknow_________thereisatraintoBeijing.

4.你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？

Doyouknow_____________adoubleroom______?

5.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。

Unclesaidthathe_____________anewnovel.

6.杰克说他有重要事情要做。

Jacksaidhe_______somethingimportanttodo.

二．选择填空。()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasitC.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoonC.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry()3.Letmetellyou__________________.A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcostC.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar()4.Peterknew_______________.A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis()5.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingfor

D.whereyoulivein三、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1．TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3．Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4．CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwant