浙江省杭州市2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中教学质量检测英语试题

2023学年第一学期杭州市高三年级教学质量检测英语试题卷考生须知：本试卷分选择题部分和非选择题部分。选择题部分1至10页，非选择题部分11页至12页。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1，答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inabakery.C.Inafruitshop.2.Whatshouldbeavoidedinbearencounters?A.Fleeawayimmediately.B.Staywhereyouare.C.Seekshelterinatree.3.Wheredidthewomangoyesterday?A.Toapark.B.Toanexhibition.C.Tohersister’s.4.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Officecolleagues.B.Boardmembers.C.Businesspartners.5.Whatdoestheathleteowehissuccessto?A.Racingatsealevel.B.Trainingathighaltitudes.C.Livinginamountainousarea.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.WhatkindofstoryisTheWomeninWhite?A.Anartstory.B.Anadventurestory.C.Adetectivestory.7.WhywillittakeCamilleabitoftimetofinishreadingthebook?A.ItiswritteninFrench.B.Itisquitealongstory.C.Ithasaratherplexplot.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatdothespeakersthinkoftaikonauts’mission?A.Heroicyetlonely.B.Honourableyetrisky.C.Costlyyetirreplaceable.9.Whatdoesthewomaninsistonaboutspaceexploration?A.Havingmannedspacetravel.B.Modernizingspacegovernance.C.Investinginspaceexploration.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhydoChinesepeopleliketocallforeigners“laowai”?A.Toshowrespecttotheoldage.B.Toconveytheideaofacloserelationship.C.Tostresssomeoneisfromanotherculture.11.Whatdowelearnabouttheman?A.HedislikedChinesefood.B.Hepreferredtotravelalone.C.Hecaredaboutpersonalprivacy.12.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Personalidentity.B.Interpersonalrelationship.C.Culturalunderstanding.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.HowdoesthemanfeelabouttheplayonatParamountTheater?A.Uninterested.B.Disappointed.C.Satisfied.14.WhatdoweknowabouttheplayonattheRiversideTheater?AItstarsNeilSimon.B.Ithasbeenreviewedfavorably.C.Itisthenewadaptationofaclassic.15.Whichplaydotheydecidetogoandsee?A.RomeoandJuliet.B.TheHeadoftheSnake.C.BarefootinthePark.16.Howwillthewomanpurchasetheticket?A.ViaInternetB.Byphone.C.Inperson.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Whoinspiredthespeaker?A.EreneGerrard.B.DanRather.C.RichardGenee.18.Whatwasthespeaker’steacherlike?A.Flexible.B.Approachable.C.Knowledgeable.19.Whatdid.thespeaker’steacherdotohelpher?A.Hegaveherhighgradesintests.B.Heofferedheraneditorposition.C.Heencouragedhertosticktohercareerpath.20.Whatisthespeaker?AAwriter.B.Ateacher.C.Apublisher.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AApplyforthe2024–2025SchoolYearWearethrilledyouareconsideringMaristSchoolforyourchild’snextchapter.Maristhastwoprimaryentrypointsforstudentsin7thand9thgradestowhichwetypicallyaccept150and50studentsrespectively.MaristSchoolutilizesRavenna,anapplicationmanagementsystem,forallaspectsoftheadmissionsprocess.ThroughRavenna,parentscanaccesstheMaristapplication,submitsupportingmaterials,trackapplicationstatus,andviewadmissiondecisions.Ourapplicationforthe20242025schoolyearwillbeavailablelateSeptemberwithaJanuary22,2024deadline.Importantly,MaristcontinuestorequiretheSSATaspartoftheapplicationprocess.OnSaturday,January6,2024,MaristwillserveasamunitytestsitefortheSSAT.ThisisthelastnationaltestingdaypriortoourapplicationdeadlinewhenafirstsetofSSATscoresisdue.ImportantDatesSeptember2023March2024MaristSchooladmissionseventsLateSeptember2023Marist20242025applicationavailableinRavennaOctober2023January2024RequiredSSATtestingDecember3,2023OpenHeuseJanuary22,2024DeadlinetoapplytoMarist;preliminaryapplicationandfee,parentandstudentquestionnaires,andafirstsetofSSATscoresaredueFebruary1,2024DeadlineforMaristtoreceiveanyoutstandingsupplementalmaterials;transcripts,teacherandadministratorevaluations,andparish/churchverificationformaredueFebruary12,2024DeadlinetosubmitseparatetuitionassistanceapplicationMarch30,2024AAAISmonnotificationdateApril11,2024Deadlinetorespondtoofferofadmission1.Whoisthisarticlemainlyintendedfor?A.Studentsinallgrades. B.Studentsin6thor8thgrades.C.Parentsofchildrenin6thor8thgrades. D.Parentsofchildrenin7thto9thgrades.2.WhatdoweknowaboutRavenna?A.Itdealswithentryapplications. B.Itpromotesschoolmanagement.C.Itisaccessiblethewholeschoolyear. D.Itmonitorstheadmissionsprocess.3.Whichcanbeapossibledateforapplicantstosubmitteacherevaluations?A.August30,2023. B.January26,2024.C.February3,2024. D.March30,2024.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是MaristSchool写给孩子要申请该校2024——2025学年6年级和8年级的家长的，希望他们注意申请时应该注意哪些方面，尤其是各个事项的截止点。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“WearethrilledyouareconsideringMaristSchoolforyourchild’snextchapter.Maristhastwoprimaryentrypointsforstudentsin7thand9thgradestowhichwetypicallyaccept150and50studentsrespectively.(我们很高兴你考虑在圣母学校开启你孩子的下一个篇章。马里斯特大学为七年级和九年级的学生提供两个主要入学点，我们通常分别接收150名和50名学生)”可知，圣母学校开启孩子的下一个篇章，招收7年级和9年级的学生，因此推断本文针对的读者是孩子即将入读七年级和九年级的家长们，现在应该是6年级和8年级学生家长。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“MaristSchoolutilizesRavenna,anapplicationmanagementsystem,forallaspectsoftheadmissionsprocess.ThroughRavenna,parentscanaccesstheMaristapplication,submitsupportingmaterials,trackapplicationstatus,andviewadmissiondecisions.(玛丽斯特学校在招生过程的各个方面都使用了申请管理系统Ravenna。通过Ravenna，家长可以访问马里斯特申请，提交支持材料，跟踪申请状态，并查看录取决定)”可知，Ravenna可处理入学申请。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据表格左上角“September2023March2024(2023年9月2024年3月)”和第六栏“DeadlineforMaristtoreceiveanyoutstandingsupplementalmaterials;transcripts,teacherandadministratorevaluations,andparish/churchverificationformaredue(Marist收到任何未完成的补充材料的截止日期；成绩单，教师和行政人员的评估，以及教区/教堂的验证表)”以及时间“February1,2024(2024年2月1日)”可知，学校重大事件安排的总体时间为2023年9月2024年3月，而接收教师评定的截止日是2024年2月1日，结合选项，B项“2024年1月26日”符合要求。故选B。BIn1959,Handlerchangedhowtoydollsweremadewhensheintroduced“Barbie”totheworld.Withhermaturefigure,Barbiewasoneofthefirst“grownup”dollstohittheretailmarket.Handlerwantedtocreateatoythatwasdifferentfromthebabydollsthatdominatedlittlegirls’toyboxes.Shewantedadollthatgirlscouldprojecttheirfuturedreamsuponandallowedforlimitlessclothingandcareerchoices.Inspiredbypaperdollsofthetime,Handler,tomuchdisagreement,madesureBarbiehadthebodyofagrownwoman.“MyownphilosophyofBarbie,”Handlerwroteinherautobiography,“wasthatthroughthedoll,thelittlegirlcouldbeanythingshewantedtobe.Barbiealwaysrepresentedthefactthatawomanhadchoices.”There’sevenaBarbieforcancerpatients—BraveBarbie—apartnershipbetweenMattelandCureSearchthatsendsabald(光头的)Barbietofamiliesaffectedbycancer.“GiftingmydaughteraBarbiewhosufferedfromcancerwastremendous,”Michelle,acancersurvivorsaid,“WewouldplaywiththatBarbietogetherandI’dheartbreakinglywatchherpretendtotakethedolltothehospitalforchemo(化疗),orplaceitslongwigontopofitsheadandtellthedoll‘It’stimetobebeautifulagain.’”BaldBarbiewassuperbraveandwentonawesomeadventuresafterchemo.Sometimesshefeltsickandneededtosleep,butwouldfeelmuchbetterafterarest.BaldBarbiealwaysbeatthecancerandwentontolivealongandhappylifewithherfamily.ThatBarbiebecamesomuchmorethanaplasticdoll—shewasameansofmunicationandacopingmechanismduringanextremelydistressingtimeforlittlefamilies.4.WhydidHandlercreateBarbie?A.Tomakeahitintheretailmarket. B.Toappealtogirlswithherdiverseoutfits.C.Todoaprojectonwomen’scareerchoices. D.Toinspiregirlstomakechoicesastheywish.5.HowmightMichellefeelwhenwatchingherdaughterwithBraveBarbie?A.Sadyetforted. B.Enviousyetproud.C.Overwhelmedandashamed. D.Heartbrokenandregretful.6.WhatdoesBraveBarbiemeantoMichelle’sfamily?A.Areliableemotionalsupport. B.Aglueforbrokenrelationships.C.Aneffectivepracticaltreatment. D.Asecretmediumofnegotiation.7.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Amedicaljournal. B.Acharitybrochure.C.Afinancialreport. D.Astorycollection.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Handler创造芭比娃娃的初衷，以及其中一个名为BraveBarbie的洋娃娃对一个癌症女孩的帮助。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Shewantedadollthatgirlscouldprojecttheirfuturedreamsuponandallowedforlimitlessclothingandcareerchoices.(她想要一个女孩们可以投射未来梦想的娃娃，并允许无限的服装和职业选择)”和第三段的“thelittlegirlcouldbeanythingshewantedtobe.Barbiealwaysrepresentedthefactthatawomanhadchoices.(通过这个娃娃，小女孩可以成为任何她想成为的人。芭比娃娃一直代表着女性拥有选择权的事实)”可推知，Handler创造Barbie的目的是让激励女孩根据自己的意愿做出选择。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的““GiftingmydaughteraBarbiewhosufferedfromcancerwastremendous,”Michelle,acancersurvivorsaid,“WewouldplaywiththatBarbietogetherandI’dheartbreakinglywatchherpretendtotakethedolltothehospitalforchemo(化疗),orplaceitslongwigontopofitsheadandtellthedoll‘It’stimetobebeautifulagain.’”(“送给我患癌症的女儿一个芭比娃娃真是太棒了，”癌症幸存者米歇尔说，“给我的女儿一个患了癌症的芭比娃娃是一件非常美妙的事情。我们会一起玩那个芭比娃娃，我心碎地看着她假装带着芭比娃娃去医院化疗，或者把它的长假发戴在它的头上，告诉它‘是时候变漂亮了’”)”可推知，Michelle看到女儿和BraveBarbie一起感到欣慰的同时也很难过。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“BaldBarbiealwaysbeatthecancerandwentontolivealongandhappylifewithherfamily.ThatBarbiebecamesomuchmorethanaplasticdoll—shewasameansofmunicationandacopingmechanismduringanextremelydistressingtimeforlittlefamilies.(秃头芭比总是战胜癌症，并继续与她的家人过着漫长而幸福的生活。芭比娃娃不仅仅是一个塑料娃娃——她是一个沟通的工具，也是一个在小家庭极度痛苦时期的应对机制)”可推知，BraveBarbie对于米歇尔一家而言是可靠的情感支持，帮助女儿和这个家庭应对极度痛苦的阶段。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Handler创造芭比娃娃的初衷，以及其中一个名为BraveBarbie的洋娃娃对一个癌症女孩和其家庭的帮助。由此推知，本文很有可能来自一本故事集。故选D。CThatdinosaursatethemammals(哺乳动物)thatranbeneaththeirfeetisnotindoubt.NowanextraordinaryfossilnewlydescribedinScientificReports,unearthedbyateamledbyGangHanatHainanVocationalUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinChina,showsthatsometimesthetableswereturned.Thefossildatedtoabout125millionyearsago,duringtheCretaceousperiodwasformedwhenaflowofboilingvolcanicmudswallowedtwoanimalsseeminglylockedinalifeanddeathfight.Theoneontopisamammal.ThisanimalisaherbivorousspeciescloselyrelatedtotheTriceratops(三角恐龙).Animalinteractionssuchasthisareexceptionallycameinthefossilrecord.Onepossibilityisthatthemammalwaseatingsomethingalreadydead,otherthanhuntingliveprey.Thesedaysitisunmonforsmallmammalstoattackmuchlargeranimals.Butitisnotunheardof.AndDr.Hanandhiscolleaguespointoutthatthosemammalswhicheatdeadbodiestypicallyleavetoothmarksalloverthebonesoftheanimals.Thedinosaur’sremainsshownosuchmarks.Thereisalsoachancethefossilcouldbeafake.Moreandmoreconvincingfakeshaveemerged,asthisonedidthoughDr.Hanandhiscolleaguesarguethattheplexlyconnectednatureoftheskeletons(骨骼)makesthatunlikely,too.Assumingitisgenuine,thediscoveryservesasareminderthatnotalldinosaurswereenormousduringtheCretaceousandnotallmammalsweretiny.Fromnosetotail,thedinosaurisjust1.2meterslong.Themammalisabitunderhalfameterinlength.Despitebeinghalfthesize,themammalhasonepawfirmlywrappedaroundoneofitsprey’slimbs,andanotherpullingonitsjaw.Itisbitingdownonthedinosaur’schest,andhasrippedofftwoofitsribs.Beforetheywereinterrupted,itseemsthatthemammalwaswinning.8.Whichidiomisclosestinmeaningtounderlinedpart“thetableswereturned”inparagraph1?A.Thefittestsurvives. B.Thehuntersbeehunted.C.Fortunealwaysfavorsthebrave. D.Thetruthwillalwaysetolight.9.Whydoestheauthormentionthe“toothmark”inparagraph3?A.Toprovethefossilwasfake. B.Toshowtheformingofthefossil.C.Toillustratetheprocessofhunting. D.Tosuggestthedinosaurwashuntedalive.10.WhatmakesDr.Hanthinkthefossilisgenuine?A.Thesizeofthefossil. B.Theabsenceoffakefossils.C.Theplexityoftheskeletons. D.Theconsistencyoftheopinions.11.Whatisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?A.Itoffersacause. B.Ithighlightsasolution.C.Itjustifiestheconclusion. D.Itprovidesanewdiscovery.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍最近发现的一个化石表明，有时恐龙也会被哺乳动物猎杀。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Thatdinosaursatethemammals(哺乳动物)thatranbeneaththeirfeetisnotindoubt.(恐龙吃跑在它们脚下的哺乳动物是毫无疑问的)”，第二段的“twoanimalsseeminglylockedinalifeanddeathfight.Theoneontopisamammal.(两只似乎陷入生死搏斗的动物。上面的是哺乳动物)”，和第三段的“Thesedaysitisunmonforsmallmammalstoattackmuchlargeranimals.Butitisnotunheardof.(如今，小型哺乳动物攻击大型动物已经不常见了。但这并非闻所未闻)”可知，虽然恐龙吃哺乳动物是毫无疑问的，但最新发现的一个化石表明在一场生死搏斗中，哺乳动物占了上风，并且小型动物攻击大型动物也并非没有。由此可知，有时情况会发生逆转，即公认的捕猎者反被猎捕。因此猜测，划线部分意为“捕猎者成为猎物”。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thesedaysitisunmonforsmallmammalstoattackmuchlargeranimals.Butitisnotunheardof.(如今，小型哺乳动物攻击大型动物已经不常见了。但这并非闻所未闻)”和下文“AndDr.Hanandhiscolleaguespointoutthatthosemammalswhicheatdeadbodiestypicallyleavetoothmarksalloverthebonesoftheanimals.(韩博士和他的同事们指出，那些吃尸体的哺乳动物通常会在骨头上留下牙印。恐龙的残骸上没有这样的痕迹)”推知，提出恐龙化石的骨骼上没有牙齿印是为了表明它很有可能是在活着时被小型哺乳动物猎杀的。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Moreandmoreconvincingfakeshaveemerged,asthisonedidthoughDr.Hanandhiscolleaguesarguethattheplexlyconnectednatureoftheskeletons(骨骼)makesthatunlikely,too.(越来越多令人信服的假骨头出现了，就像这一具一样——尽管韩博士和他的同事们认为，骨骼之间复杂的连接性质也使这种假骨头不太可能出现)”可知，骨骼之间复杂的连接性使得Dr.Han和他的同事们认为化石是真的。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“NowanextraordinaryfossilnewlydescribedinScientificReports,unearthedbyateamledbyGangHanatHainanVocationalUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinChina,showsthatsometimesthetableswereturned.(现在，由中国海南科技职业大学的韩刚领导的研究小组在《科学报告》中发现了一种不同寻常的化石，它表明，有时情况会发生逆转)”以及最后一段“Fromnosetotail,thedinosaurisjust1.2meterslong.Themammalisabitunderhalfameterinlength.Despitebeinghalfthesize,themammalhasonepawfirmlywrappedaroundoneofitsprey’slimbs,andanotherpullingonitsjaw.Itisbitingdownonthedinosaur’schest,andhasrippedofftwoofitsribs.Beforetheywereinterrupted,itseemsthatthemammalwaswinning.(从鼻子到尾巴，恐龙只有1.2米长。这种哺乳动物体长不到半米。尽管这种哺乳动物只有一半大小，但它的一只爪子牢牢地包裹着猎物的四肢，另一只爪子拉着猎物的下巴。它咬住了恐龙的胸部，撕下了它的两根肋骨。在他们被打断之前，哺乳动物似乎赢了)”推知，最后一段对化石的描述是为了证明第一段提到的研究结论的正确性，即恐龙有时会被哺乳动物猎杀。故选C。DPhilosophershaveabadreputationforexpressingthemselvesinadryandboringway.Theidealsformostphilosophicalwritingareprecision,clarity,andthesortofconceptualanalysisthatleavesnohairunsplit.Thereisnothingwrongwithclarity,precision,andthelike—butthisisn’ttheonlywaytodophilosophy.Outsideacademicjournals,abstractphilosophicalideasareoftenexpressedthroughliterature,cinema,andsong.There’snothingthatgrabsattentionlikeagoodstory,andtherearesomegreatphilosophicalstoriesthatdelightandengage,ratherthanputtingthereadertosleep.Oneofthegreatthingsaboutthisisthat,unlikeformalphilosophy,whichtriestobeveryclear,storiesdon’tweartheirmeaningsontheirsleeve—theyrequireinterpretation,andoftenexpressconflictingideasforthereadertowrestlewith.Considerwhatphilosopherscallthemetaphysics(形而上学)ofrace—anareaofphilosophythatexplorersthequestionofwhetherornotraceisreal.Therearethreemainpositionsthatyoucantakeonthesequestions.Youmightthinkthataperson’sraceiswrittenintheirgenes(apositionknownas“biologicalrealism”).Oryoumightthinkofraceassociallyreal,likedaysoftheweekorcurrencies(“socialconstructionism”).Finally,youmightthinkthatracesareunreal—thatthey’remorelikeleprechauns(一种魔法精灵)thantheyarelikeThursdaysordollars(“antirealism”).AgreatexampleofastorywithsocialconstructionisttakingonraceisGeorgeSchuyler’snovelBlackNoMore.Inthebook,aBlackscientistnamedCrookmaninventsaprocedurethatmakesBlackpeoplevisuallyindistinguishablefromWhites.ThousandsofAfricanAmericansflocktoCrookman’sBlackNoMoreclinicsandpayhimtheirhardearnedcashtoundergotheprocedure.Whiteracistscannolongerdistinguishthosepeoplewhoare“really”WhitefromthosewhomerelyappeartobeWhite.Inafinalepisode,CrookmandiscoversthatnewWhitesareactuallyawhitershadeofpalethanthosewhowerebornthatway,whichkicksoffatrendofsunbathingtodarkenone’sskindarkeningitsoastolookmoreWhile.Philosophicallyrichstorieslikethisbringmoretechnicalworkstolife.Theyarestoriestothinkwith.12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofphilosophicalstories?A.Themeaningbehindisveryobvious.B.Theyamextremelypreciseandformal.C.Theyoftencauseconflictsamongreaders.D.Theyareengagingandinspirecriticalthinking.13.Whichcategorymight“Christmas”fallintoaccordingtoparagraph4?A.Socialconstructionism. B.Antirealism.C.Biologicalrealism. D.Literaryrealism.14.WhatisBlackNoMoreinparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Racialissuescausedbyskincolors.B.Asocietyviewonraceandselfimage.C.Blackpeopleacceptedbythewhitesociety.D.Theoriginofsunbathingamongwhitepeople.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.StoriesMadeEasy B.StoriestoThinkwithC.PositionsinPhilosophy D.NatureofPhilosophicalWriting【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的形式体现的，它会启发读者思考。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“There’snothingthatgrabsattentionlikeagoodstory,andtherearesomegreatphilosophicalstoriesthatdelightandengage,ratherthanputtingthereadertosleep.(没有什么能像一个好故事那样吸引人的注意力，有一些伟大的哲学故事会让读者感到愉悦和吸引人，而不是让读者昏昏欲睡)”以及第三段“Oneofthegreatthingsaboutthisisthat,unlikeformalphilosophy,whichtriestobeveryclear,storiesdon’tweartheirmeaningsontheirsleeve—theyrequireinterpretation,andoftenexpressconflictingideasforthereadertowrestlewith.(这其中最重要的一点是，与形式哲学不同的是，故事并不会把自己的意思挂在明面上——它们需要解释，而且常常表达出相互矛盾的观点，让读者纠结)”可知，哲学故事可以使读者有参与感和激发批判性思维。故选D项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Considerwhatphilosopherscallthemetaphysics(形而上学)ofrace—anareaofphilosophythatexplorersthequestionofwhetherornotraceisreal.Therearethreemainpositionsthatyoucantakeonthesequestions.Youmightthinkthataperson’sraceiswrittenintheirgenes(apositionknownas“biologicalrealism”).Oryoumightthinkofraceassociallyreal,likedaysoftheweekorcurrencies(“socialconstructionism”).Finally,youmightthinkthatracesareunreal—thatthey’remorelikeleprechauns(一种魔法精灵)thantheyarelikeThursdaysordollars(“antirealism”).(让我们来考虑一下哲学家所称之为种族的形而上学——这是探究种族是否真实的哲学问题。关于这个问题，你可能持有三个主要观点。你可能认为一个人的种族写在他们的基因中(被称为“生物现实主义”)。或者，你可能认为种族是社会上真实存在的，就像星期几或货币一样(“社会建构主义”)。最后，你可能认为种族是虚幻的——它们更像一种魔法精灵而不是星期四或美元(“反现实主义”))”可知，Christmas为一个节日，是社会的共有认知，应属于“社会建构主义”。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“AgreatexampleofastorywithsocialconstructionisttakingonraceisGeorgeSchuyler’snovelBlackNoMore.Inthebook,aBlackscientistnamedCrookmaninventsaprocedurethatmakesBlackpeoplevisuallyindistinguishablefromWhites.ThousandsofAfricanAmericansflocktoCrookman’sBlackNoMoreclinicsandpayhimtheirhardearnedcashtoundergotheprocedure.Whiteracistscannolongerdistinguishthosepeoplewhoare“really”WhitefromthosewhomerelyappeartobeWhite.Inafinalepisode,CrookmandiscoversthatnewWhitesareactuallyawhitershadeofpalethanthosewhowerebornthatway,whichkicksoffatrendofsunbathingtodarkenone’sskindarkeningitsoastolookmoreWhile.(一个以社会建构主义观点来探讨种族问题的精彩例子是乔治·斯库勒的小说《不再是黑人》。在这本书中，一位名叫克鲁克曼的黑人科学家发明了一种让黑人在外貌上无法与白人区分的程序。成千上万的非洲裔美国人蜂拥而至克鲁克曼的“黑不再”诊所，并付出辛苦赚来的钱去接受手术。白人种族主义者再也无法区分那些“真正”的白人和那些只是表面上看起来像白人的人。在最后的一集中，克鲁克曼发现新的白人实际上比天生如此的白人更白，从而引发了一个晒太阳变黑肤色的潮流，以使自己看起来更白皙)”可知，白人种族主义者再也无法区分那些“真正”是白人的人和那些只是看起来像白人的人。在最后一集中，克鲁克曼发现新的白人实际上比那些生来是白人的人更白，这开启了日光浴使皮肤变黑的趋势——使其变黑，以便看起来不那么白。这段是关于种族和自我形象的社会观。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Philosophershaveabadreputationforexpressingthemselvesinadryandboringway.Theidealsformostphilosophicalwritingareprecision,clarity,andthesortofconceptualanalysisthatleavesnohairunsplit.(哲学家以枯燥乏味的方式表达自己而臭名昭著。大多数哲学作品的理想是精确、清晰，以及那种不留痕迹的概念分析)”以及最后一段“Philosophicallyrichstorieslikethisbringmoretechnicalworkstolife.Theyarestoriestothinkwith.(像这样富有哲理的故事给生活带来了更多的技术作品。它们是用来思考的故事)”以及纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了哲学的抽象而复杂的理念往往是通过一个个有趣的小故事的形式体现的，它会启发读者思考，所以B项“StoriestoThinkwith(可供思考的故事)”是本文最好的标题。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inaworldthatoftenfeelsfastpacedandrestrainedtoroutines,thedesireforvan(房车)lifeandmobilelivinghascapturedtheheartsofmanyseekinganalternativelifestyle.____16____Fromthefreedomtoexplorenewhorizonstofosteringaminimalistmindset,herearesomecaptivatingadvantagesofembracingvanlife.LiberationfromMaterialismTheconfinedspaceofavanencouragesaminimalistlifestyle,whereexperiencesarevaluedoverpossessions.____17____Withminimalmonthlyexpenses,suchasparkingfeesandfuelcosts,vandwellerscanallocateresourcestoexperiencesratherthanhighrentorhousepayments.Thismobilelivingissupportedbythedegrowthmovement,whichbelievesthateconomiesshouldfocusonsecuringtheminimalbasicneedsinsteadofconsumptionandconsumerism.ExplorationandFlexibilityTheabilitytofollowadventurewhereverittakesyouisoneofthemostamazingaspectsoflivinginavan.Youcanchoosetowakeupatdawnovertheoceanonedayandfindyourselfinaforestedmountainsidethenext.Livinginavanfrequentlyinvolvesbeingclosetotheoutdoorssurroundedbythebeautyofnature.____18____MinimalEcologicalFootprint____19____Theyadoptsolarpanelsandefficientwatersystems,furtherminimizingtheirimpactontheenvironment.Peoplewhochoosetoliveinmobilehomesbelievethateventually,globalwarmingandextremeweathermightbringanendtosedentary(定居的)livingpatterns.Throughtheopenroad,thebeautyofnature,andthefriendshipoffellowadventurers,vanlifepresentsauniqueavenueforenrichingthehumanexperience.____20____A.It’sthrillingtotraveltheworld.B.Manyvanliferstendtogogreen.CLivinginavancanoftenbemorecosteffective.D.They’llfindasenseoffreedomofconstantexploration.E.ThenaturalworldbeesanessentialpartofyourdailylifeF.Betteryet,itoffersawaytoreconnectwiththeessenceofliving.G.Theconceptofvanlifeoffersbenefitsbeyondjustachangeofscenery.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.B20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了住在面包车的好处。【16题详解】根据下文“Fromthefreedomtoexplorenewhorizonstofosteringaminimalistmindset,herearesomecaptivatingadvantagesofembracingvanlife.(从探索新视野的自由到培养极简主义的心态，这是一些拥抱面包车生活的迷人优势)”可知，拥有面包车的好处不仅仅是可以开着它们去旅行欣赏沿途的风景。G项“Theconceptofvanlifeoffersbenefitsbeyondjustachangeofscenery.(面包车生活的概念提供的好处不仅仅是改变风景)”符合题意，引出下文。故选G。【17题详解】根据下文“Withminimalmonthlyexpenses,suchasparkingfeesandfuelcosts,vandwellerscanallocateresourcestoexperiencesratherthanhighrentorhousepayments.(由于每月的停车费和燃油费等开支很少，住面包车的人可以将资源分配到体验上，而不是支付高昂的租金或住房费用)”可知，住面包车更划算，可以节省不少开支用于体验。C项“Livinginavancanoftenbemorecosteffective.(住在房车里通常更划算)”符合题意，开启下文。故选C。【18题详解】空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Youcanchoosetowakeupatdawnovertheoceanonedayandfindyourselfinaforestedmountainsidethenext.Livinginavanfrequentlyinvolvesbeingclosetotheoutdoorssurroundedbythebeautyofnature.(你可以选择在某天的黎明在大海上醒来，第二天发现自己在森林茂密的山腰上。住在一辆面包车里，经常可以接近户外，被大自然的美景所包围)”可知，每天在大自然中醒来，被自然的美景所包围，那么大自然便成为了你日常生活的一部分。E项“Thenaturalworldbeesanessentialpartofyourdailylife(自然世界成为你日常生活中必不可少的一部分)”符合题意，nature和natural是关键词。故选E。【19题详解】根据小标题“MinimalEcologicalFootprint(最小生态足迹)”推知，空处内容应与环保相关，结合下文“Theyadoptsolarpanelsandefficientwatersystems,furtherminimizingtheirimpactontheenvironment.(他们采用太阳能电池板和高效的供水系统，进一步减少对环境的影响)”中的they推知，空处提到的应是住面包车的人都很环保。B项“Manyvanliferstendtogogreen.(许多在面包车里生活的人倾向于环保)”符合题意。故选B。【20题详解】空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Throughtheopenroad,thebeautyofnature,andthefriendshipoffellowadventurers,vanlifepresentsauniqueavenueforenrichingthehumanexperience.(通过开阔的道路，大自然的美丽，以及冒险者的友谊，面包车生活为丰富人类体验提供了一条独特的途径)”推知，空处继续陈述这种生活带来的好处。F项“Betteryet,itoffersawaytoreconnectwiththeessenceofliving.(更好的是，它提供了一种与生活本质重新联系的方式)”符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Gang(团伙)tensionswererisingatSouthwoodHighSchool.Somemunityactivistshelda(n)____21____meetingwithparentsandtheprincipal.Agroupofthefathers____22____decideditwastimetomaketheir____23____knownoncampus.That’showDadsonDutywasbornwithitsgoalmakesurethekidsare____24____.Around40menorganizedintosixpersonshifts,withtwoshiftsoncampuseveryday.They____25____thedayafterthemeeting.Thesepeople____26____theirownschedulesandmitmentswithoutplaint.Someofthemarefathersofkidsattheschool,whileothersarenotbutexpecttheyouthintheirmunitytoknowtheyhavea(n)____27____villagebehindthem.Now,anyonewhowantstoentertheschoolwith____28____willhavetoavoidenergeticpapabears,bigsmilesandmanydadjokes.It’shardtobeatoughguywhensomebody’sunclehasjust____29____youintocheckingyourshoelacesforcountlesstimes,onlytofindthattheyarenot,infact,untied.SinceDadsonDutyarrivedoncampus,gangbattleshave____30____declined.“Theschoolhasbeen____31____,youcanfeelit,”saidonestudent.AnothertoldtheWashingtonPost,“They____32____allthekidslikewe’retheirownchildren.”Thedadsa