山东省济南莱州市高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）

山东省济南莱州市2021届高三英语上学期开学考试试题（含解析）

注意事项：

L答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改

动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在

本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，只交答题卡。

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

BookYourFieldTriptoPacificScienceCenter

AfieldtriptoPacificScienceCenterisatimehonoredtraditionforstudents

ofallagesacrossWashingtonState.Ourhandsonexhibitsshows,andcreativeprograms

inspirestudents,curiosityforscienceinadayofexplorationmeanttostrengthen

yourcurriculumandfuellifelongenthusiasmforscience,math,engineeringand

technology.

Schedule（安排）YourFieldTrip

Toscheduleyourfieldtrip,pletetheregistrationrequestformavailableat

thelinkpacificsciencecenter,org/fieldtripsl/,orcall（206）4432925Monday-

Fridayfrom8:30a.m.to4:30p.m.notlessthantwoweeksaheadofyourvisitdate.

Wewillcontactyouwithintwobusinessdaystosetupyourfieldtrip.

NewFall/winterHours

StartingSeptember3,2019PacSciwillbeclosedonMondaysandTuesdaysexcept

forholidaysandweeksduringSeattlePublicSchoolbreaks.Wewillnolongerbe

bookingfieldtripsonthosedays,aswell.

Pricing

FieldTrip

PricePerStudent

Package

ExhibitsOnly$9

Package1Exhibitspluschoiceofoneexperiences$11

Package2Exhibitspluschoiceoftwoexperiences$13

Package3Exhibitspluschoiceofthreeexperiences$15

Onefreeadultgeneraladmissioniscoveredforevery10paidstudents.Freeadult

admissiondoesn,tincludeIMAXdocumentary.Theseadultswillbechargeda$4IMAX

documentaryadmission.Additionaladultsoutsideoftheratio（比例）willbecharged

thestudentadmissionrate.PacificScienceCenterMembershipscannotbeappliedto

fieldtrips.Paymentisdueoneweekbeforeyouvisit.

AvailableExperiences

■PlanetariumShows

■IMAXDocumentaries

■ScienceonaSphereShows

■LaserShows

1.WhatcanweknowaboutPacificScienceCenter?

A.Itisfamousforitstypicalarchitecture.

B.Itoffersstudentschancesforfreeclasses.

C.It'swherestudentscanlearnaboutscience.

D.ItisonlyaccessibletostudentsinWashington.

2.If2teachersand10studentswatchexhibitsandIMAXDocumentaries,howmuchwill

theyatleastpay?

A.$118,B.$125.

C.$127.D.$134.

3.Whencanwereserveafieldtripbyphone?

A.Onweekends.

B.AnyMondayorTuesday.

C.Twoworkdaysaheadofthevisittime.

D.Atleast14daysbeforetheactualvisit.

【答案】1.C2.B3.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了预定到太平洋科学中心实地考察旅行的相关事项。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中Ourhandsonexhibits,shows,andcreativeprogramsinspire

students'curiosityforscienceinadayofexplorationmeanttostrengthenyour

curriculumandfuellifelongenthusiasmforscience,math,engineeringandtechnology.

我们的手工展览、表演和创意项目激发了学生对科学的好奇心，在这一天的探索意味着加强

您的课程和推动对科学、数学、工程和技术的终身热情。可知，学生们可以在太平洋科学中

心这里学习科学知识。故选C项。

2题详解】

细节理解题。根据Pricing中Package1：Exhibitspluschoiceofoneexperiences$11

可知，10个学生的费用是11*10=110美元；再根据Onefreeadultgeneraladmissionis

coveredforevery10paidstudents.Freeadultadmissiondoesn,tincludeIMAX

documentary.Theseadultswillbechargeda$4IMAXdocumentaryadmission.Additional

adultsoutsideoftheratio(比例J)willbechargedthestudentadmissionrate.每

10名付费学生可免费获得一次成人普通入场券。免费成人门票不包括IMAX纪录片。这些成年

人将收取4美元的IMAX纪录片门票。超出这一比例的成人将按学生入场价格收费。可知，两

名教师的费用是4+11=15美元。因此全部价格是125美元。故选B项。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据Schedule(安排)YourFieldTrip中…orcall(206)4432925Monday—

Fridayfrom8:30a.m.to4:30p.m.notlessthantwoweeksaheadofyourvisitdate.

请在访问日期前不少于两周，在周一至周五上午8:30至下午4:30,可以打(206)4432925

预定您的实地考察。可知，至少在实地考察前2周，也就是至少14天前打预定。故选D

项。

B

Anairlinepassengerensureda20yearoldmanwasreunitedwithhislost

walletalongwithalittleextrasomethingtomakeupfortheirtimeapart.

HunterShamattfirstlosthiswalletwhilehewasonaFrontierAirlinesflight

fromOmahatoattendhissister，sweddinginLasVegasearlierthismonth.Onrealizing

hiswalletwaslost,hecontactedtheairlinetoseeifanyonehadturneditin—but

tonoavail.SincethewalletcontainedhisID,asignedpaycheck,hisdebitcard

and$60incash,heafearedtheworst”.

Shortlyaftertheflight,however,Hunterwasshockedtoreceiveapackagein

themailfromanunknownsender.Insidewashiswalletalongwithanadditional$40

incash.

“FoundthisonaFrontierflightfromOmahatoDenverrow12,seatFstuckbetween

theseatandwall,“readaletterinthepackage."Thoughtyoumightwantithack.

Allthebest.PS:Iroundedyourcashuptoaneven$100soyoucouldcelebrategetting

yourwallethack.Havefun!”

Hunter'smother,Jeannie,postedaphotoofthelettertosocialmediainhopes

thattheywouldbeabletotrackdownthesenderandthankthemfortheirkindness.

AlltheyhadtogoonwasthattheletterwassentfromAppliedUnderwritersinOmaha

andthesender，sinitialsweresigned:〃T.B〃.

TheGoodManwaslateridentifiedasToddBrown,afatheroffivewhowasdelighted

atthechanceto"havealittlefun〃withhelpingoutahardworkingstranger.Brown

saysthatheoftentriestodogooddeedswithoutanyrecognition,thuswhyhedidn，t

signhisfullnameontheletter,butJeannielaterinsistedonpraisingtheNebraska

nativeonsocialmedia.

“Itrytoteachmychildrentodotherightthingsinlife,helppeoplewhen

youcandespitetheoute,“shewroteonFacebook."Thisstoryismoreaboutrestoring

faithinpeoplethananything”.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tonoavail"inparagraph2mean?

A.Underdiscussion.B.Invain.C.Beyondbelief.D.Ata

loss.

5.WhydidJeannieuploadapictureofthelettertosocialmedia?

A.Tothrowlightonthetruth.

B.TodrawattentiontoHunter'slostwallet.

C.Tofindoutthesendertoexpressgratefulness.

D.Tosinghighpraiseforthesender*sgenerosity.

6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBrown?

A.Innocent.B.Warmhearted.C.Romantic.D.

Easygoing.

7.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HunterShamattaLuckyManB.YoungPassengerReuniteswith

Sister

C.HelpingNeedyPeopleIsaGreatVirtueD.StrangerReturnsLostWalletwith

MoreCashInside

【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲叙了Hunter在一次乘坐飞机时，丢失了自己的钱包，联系航空

公司也没有找到，后来却收到了一个未知寄件人的包裹，里面有Hunter的钱包，还有另外的

40美元现金。他的母亲在社交媒体上发布了包裹的信息，希望找到这个好心人，最后找到了

热心的寄件人ToddBrown,

"题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第三段Shortlyaftertheflight,however,Hunterwasshockedtoreceive

apackageinthemailfromanunknownsender.Insidewashiswalletalongwithan

additional$40incash.可知然而,在这次飞行后不久,Hunter震惊地收到了一个来自未知

寄件人的包裹。里面是他的钱包，还有另外的40美元现金。由此可知，当Hunter意识到自

己的钱包丢失时，他联系了航空公司，看是否有人归还了钱包，结果是徒劳的，钱包没有找

到，是不久之后有人寄给了他钱包的。即，划线短语意思为“徒劳地”。A.Underdiscussion.

正在讨论中；B.Invain.徒劳，无效；C.Beyondbelief.难以置信；D.Ataloss.茫然。

故选Bo

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段中Hunter'smother,Jeannie,postedaphotooftheletterto

socialmediainhopesthattheywouldbeabletotrackdownthesenderandthankthem

fortheirkindness.可知Hunter的母亲Jeannie在社交媒体上发布了这封信的照片，希望

他们能找到寄件人，并感谢他们的好意。由此可知，Jeannie要把这封信的照片上传到社交媒

体上，是为了找出寄件人，并表达感激。故选C。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Brownsaysthatheoftentriestodogooddeedswithout

anyrecognition,thuswhyhedidn'tsignhisfullnameontheletter,butJeannie

laterinsistedonpraisingtheNebraskanativeonsocialmedia.可知Brown说，他经

常试图做一些没有得到任何认可的好事，因此他没有在信上签下自己的全名，但Jeannie后

来坚持在社交媒体上称赞这位内布拉斯加人。由此可推知，Brown是个热心的人。故选B。

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段Anairlinepassengerensureda20yearoldmanwasreunitedwith

hislostwalletalongwithalittleextrasomethingtomakeupfortheirtimeapart.

可知一名航空乘客帮助一名20岁的男子找回了丢失的钱包，还捎带了一些额外的东西来弥补

他们分开的时间。结合文章主要讲叙了Hunter在一次乘坐飞机时，丢失了自己的钱包，联系

航空公司也没有找到，后来却收到了一个未知寄件人的包裹，里面有Hunter的钱包，还有另

外的40美元现金。他的母亲在社交媒体上发布了包裹的信息，希望找到这个好心人，最后找

到了热心的寄件人ToddBrown。由此可知，D选项“陌生人归还丢失的钱包，里面有更多的

现金”最符合文章标题。故选D。

C

Beesareessentialforthepollinationofflowers,fruitsandvegetables.Sadly,

overthepast15years,theglobalpopulationofthehardworkinginsectshasbeen

droppingworldwideatalarmingratesduetolossoffoodandhabitat.Now,Dutchcities

areingupwithcreativeideastohelpstemthepopulationdecreaseofthese

allimportantinsects.

InAmsterdam,beescanliveforfreeinspeciallybuilt“hotels“一tallwooden

structures-acrossthecity.Whiletheymaynotlooklikemuchtotheuntrained

eye,theyprovideperfecthomesformembersoftheover200knownspeciesofsolitary

bees.Asthenameindicates,theinsectsspendtheirlivesalone.Thesmartinsects

nestinsideholesliketheonesprovidedbytheinsecthotels,markingtheiroccupancy

bycoveringtheentrancewithamud"door”.Thoughunabletoproducehoney,solitary

beesareexcellentpollinatorsandperformanessentialroleinmanyecosystems.

Additionally,cityofficialsarealsoeducatingpeopleontheuseofharmful

chemicalsandareprovidingprizemoneytoencouragedeveloperstobuildgreenroofs

andpopulatethemwithlocalplants.In2015,theysetagoaltochangesomeplants

inpublicgreenspacestonativeplants.Geert,oneofeightecologistsworkingfor

thecity,says,“Ourideaiswhenwedesignapark,weusenativespeciesbutalso

thespeciesthatgivealotoffloweringandfruitforbees."Manypeople,withhelp

fromthegovernment,arereplacingthesidewalksoutsidetheirhomeswithsmall

gardensfeaturingflowers.

InUtrecht,busstoproofsaregraduallybeingturnedintobeautiful,living

gardensdesignedtoattractvarietiesofbeespecies.Thegreenroofs,whichnaturally

collectbothrainwateranddust,arealsobeneficialfortheenvironment.

Thesecities'collectiveeffortsseemtobeworking.Arecentstudyfoundthat

thevarietyofbeespeciestherehasincreasedbyanastonishing45percentsince

2000.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stem”inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Review.B.Stop.C.Monitor.D.Improve.

9.WhatysspecialaboutthebeesinAmsterdam?

A.They'renotsocialinsects.

B.Theymakehighqualityhoney.

C.Theyliketonesttogetherinwoods.

D.They'rescaredofotherspeciesofbees.

10.Whatarebusstopgreenroofsmainlymeanttodo?

A.Collectrainwaterforfutureuse.

B.Plantflowersforenjoyment.

C.Drawbeestothem.

D.Cleardustaway.

11.What'sthetextmainlyabout?

A.Protectingtheenvironment.

B.Importanceofbeesinecosystems.

C.Designideasofinsecthotelsandbeestops.

D.Dutchcities'attemptstorestorebeepopulation.

【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述近年来蜜蜂数量正在以惊人的速度下降。现在荷兰的一些城

市采取了多种措施努力增加蜜蜂的数量，并取得了可喜的成果。

【8题详解】

词句猜测题。根据第一段utheglobalpopulationofthehardworkinginsectshasbeen

droppingworldwideatalarmingratesduetolossoffoodandhabitat.”由于食物

和栖息地的丧失，全球勤劳昆虫的数量以惊人的速度下降可知，荷兰的城市要做的是帮助阻

止这些非常重要的昆虫的数量减少。故此处“stem”意为“阻止”。故选B项。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“Asthenameindicates,theinsectsspendtheirlivesalone.v

顾名思义，昆虫独自生活。由此判断出，阿姆斯特丹的蜜蜂不是群居昆虫。故选A项。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“InUtrecht,busstoproofsaregraduallybeingturnedinto

beautiful,livinggardensdesignedtoattractvarietiesofbeespecies.”在Utrecht,

公共汽车站的屋顶正逐渐变成美丽的、有活力的花园，旨在吸引各种蜜蜂。由此判断出，公

交车站绿化屋顶的主要目的是把蜜蜂吸引过来。故选C项。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now,Dutchcitiesareingupwithcreativeideastohelpstem

thepopulationdecreaseoftheseallimportantinsects.现在，荷兰的城市正在想一

些有创意的想法来帮助阻止这些非常重要的昆虫的数量减少；和最后一段“Thesecities'

collectiveeffortsseemtobeworking.这些城市的集体努力似乎奏效了可知,文章主

要讲荷兰城市试图恢复蜜蜂数量。故选D项。

D

Overthelast25years,psychologistshavefoundthatpersonalitiescenteron

fivebasictraits（特性）一theBigFive:agreeableness,conscientiousness（责任心），

neuroticism,extroversionandopenness.Contrarytomonbelief,peoplejustaren,t

organizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.Everytraitisacontinuousdimensionand

everyonecanbedescribedashavingvaryinglevelsofeachtrait.Anewresearchhas

alsofoundanimalsfromantstoapesallhavetheBigFiveandthattheuniversality

ofpersonalitypointstoanevolutionary（进化）origin.

Animalsandhumanshavemonproblemsofsurvival,whicharespelledout

beautifullyintheBigFive,andthat'swhythereyssomuchcontinuityinhuman

personalityandanimalpersonality.Forexample,conscientiousnessinvolves

behaviors1ikeplanningandconsideration,whichareimportantamonganimalsfor

takingcareoftheiryoung,selectingmatesandlivingingroups.Beingneatand

orderly—aspectsofconscientiousnessalsohasevolutionarysuperiority.Beesthat

liketokeepcleanandremovemoredeadgroupmembersreduceriskofdisease,gain

moreweightandreproducemoreSpidersthatmaketidywebscatchmoreinsects.Birds

thatbuildneaterandsolidernestsattractmoremates.

Thesebehaviorsmayseemprimitive,butthey'reneverthelessindicationsof

personality.Personalityistheexpressionofallofthebehaviorsthathumansand

animalsexhibitthatallowthemtofunctionadaptivelyintheworld.

Evolutioncanalsoexplainwhypersonalitiesvarysomuch.Dependingonthe

situation,eachoftheBigFivecanbeadvantageous.Forexample,agreeablenessis

greatforrelationships.Butifalionwerechargingatyou,you'dbebetteroff

withalessagreeableandmoreaggressivepersonality.Becausetheworldisso

unpredictable,everyaspectofeachpersonalitytraitcouldbeusefulatdifferent

times,soinsteadofevolvingasingletypeofpersonalitythatJsbestforevery

situation,we'releftwithawidevariety.

12.Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkaboutpersonalitytypes?

A.Differentpersonalitytypeshaverespectivestrengths.

B.Everyonefallsintoaparticularpersonalitytype.

C.Peoplewithmonpersonalitytypesgather,

D.Everyonehasmixedpersonalitytypes.

13.What'sthepurposeofmentioningsomeanimalsinParagraph2?

A.Toillustratetheadvantagesofbeingconscientious.

B.Toanalyzesurvivalchancesofcooperativeanimals.

C.Toexplainwhytheyaretidyandorderly.

D.Tothrownewlightontheirbehavior.

14.Whydowedisplayacertainpersonalityinaspecificsituation?

A.Tobefreeoftrouble.

B.Tobeadaptivetocircumstances.

C.Topeteforequalrights.

D.Togainadvantagesoverothers.

15.Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?

A.Personalityandbehavior.

B.CategoriesofBigFive.

C.Contradictoryfactsonpersonality.

D.Diversityandvariabilityofpersonality.

【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D

【解析】

【分析】

本文是说明文。在过去的25年里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上一一大五

类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神经质、外向性和开放性。研究还发现，从蚂蚁到猿类，所有动

物都有大五人格，这种个性的普遍性指向了一个进化起源。每种人格特征的每个方面都可能

在不同的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多

种多样的个性。

【12题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中的Contrarytomonbelief,peoplejustaren'torganizedinto

certainpersonalitytypes.（与普遍的看法相反，人们并不是按照特定的性格类型组织起

来的）可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类型。故选B。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中的Animalsandhumanshavemonproblemsofsurvival,which

arespelledoutbeautifullyintheBigFive,andthat'swhythere?ssomuch

continuityinhumanpersonalityandanimalpersonality.（动物和人类都有共同的生存

问题，这在大五类人格中被完美地阐述了出来，这就是为什么人类和动物的人格具有如此多

的连续性）及随后提到了一些动物的例子可推知，在第二段中提到一些动物的目的是为了对它

们的行为进行新的解释。故选A。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Dependingonthesituation,eachoftheBigFivecanbe

advantageous.Forexample,agreeablenessisgreatforrelationships.Butifalion

werechargingatyou,you,dbebetteroffwithalessagreeableandmoreaggressive

personality.（视情况而定，大五类人格中的每一个都可能是有利的。例如，宜人性对人际

关系很重要。但如果狮子向你冲来，你最好选择一个不那么随和、更具攻击性的个性）可推知，

我们表现出特定的个性是为了适应特定的环境。故选B。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Overthelast25years,psychologistshavefoundthat

personalitiescenteronfivebasictraits（特性）一theBigFive:agreeableness,

conscientiousness（责任心），neuroticism,extroversionandopenness.（在过去的25年

里，心理学家发现，人格主要集中在五种基本特征上一一大五类人格：宜人性、尽责性、神

经质、外向性和开放性）及最后一段中的Becausetheworldissounpredictable,every

aspectofeachpersonalitytraitcouldbeusefulatdifferenttimes,soinsteadof

evolvingasingletypeofpersonalitythat'sbestforeverysituation,we'releft

withawidevariety.（因为世界是如此不可预测，每种人格特征的每个方面都可能在不同

的时间有用，所以我们没有进化出一种适合每种情况的单一人格类型，而是留下了多种多样

的个性）可知，文章主要论述了人格的多样性和可变性。故选D。

【点睛】在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合

乎逻辑的推理判断。如第1小题,Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkaboutpersonalitytypes?

要求判断出人们通常怎么看待性格类型。根据第一段中的Contrarytomonbelief,people

justaren,torganizedintocertainpersonalitytypes.（与普遍的看法相反，人们并

不是按照特定的性格类型组织起来的）可推知，人们通常认为每个人都属于某种特定的性格类

型。故选B

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Cultureshockistheemotionalandmentalreactiontobeinginapletelynew

culturalenvironment.16itgenerallyconsistsofseveralstagesoffeelings.

The“honeymoonstagewisusually,thefirststagethatpeoplegothroughwhen

surroundedbydifferentculturalvaluesandlifestyles.Duringthisstage,people

havepositiveimagesoftheirnewculturalsurroundings.Theytendtoviewthesein

anidealisticwayandignoreproblems.17Thisstageisusuallyquiteshort

andquicklyreplacedbythesecondstagecalled“thefrustrationstage

Duringthefrustrationstage”,newersbegintoactnegatively.18

Visitorstendtoexaggerate（夸大）problemsinthenewculture.Theymayfeelisolated

（孤立）duringthisstage.Dependingonone'ssituation,thisstagecanlastdays,

months,orevenyears.

Withthefrustrationstageending,theadjustmentstagebegins.Thismarksthe

timewhennewerstrytheirbesttoacceptthedifferencesofthenewcultureandthe

challengesofeverydaylife.

19Somenewersentertheamasterystage”andarepletelyaccustomedto

thevaluesandbeliefsofthenewculture.Theyareabletohandlethenewculture

likeanativewhilekeepingsomeoftheirownoriginalculturalvalues.Somechoose

therejectionstage“anddecideagainstfittinginwiththenewculture.20

Othernewerspletelyadopttheidentityofthenewcultureandgiveupthevalues

andbeliefsoftheirhomeculture.

A.Meetingnewpeopleisseenasfascinating.

B.Thenewculturalsurroundingsarenolongernovel.

C.Theyregaintheirsenseofbalanceandbeeconfident.

D.Thisprocessopensthedoortothreepossibleoutes.

E.Formanypeoplethisisoftenaverydifficultexperience.

F.Apersonexperiencingcultureshockmaydisplaymanysymptoms.

G.Theyusuallypermanentlywithdrawfromtheculturethroughisolationorreturning

home.

【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.C20.G

【解析】

【16题详解】

本文开篇提到了“文化休克”这一现象。E选项Formanypeoplethisisoftenavery

difficultexperience.“对于很多人来说这是一个很困难的经历”，切题。句中this代指

Cultureshocko故E选项正确。

【17题详解】

本段主要是关于“文化休克”中的蜜月期。在这个阶段人们对于周围的新事物反应会很积极，

肯定。故A项Meetingnewpeopleisseenasfascinating.”遇见新的面孔是令人着迷的。”

切题。

【18题详解】

文章第三段主要是关于“文化休克”中的“挫折期”。在这一阶段，新人们会变的消极。B选

项Thenewculturalsurroundingsarenolongernovel.”新的文化环境不再新颖”切题。

【19题详解】

本段主要是关于“文化休克”中的“精通阶段”。后句Somenewersenterthe"mastery

stage“andarepletelyaccustomedtothevaluesandbeliefsofthenewculture.

提到新来者会完全习惯于新文化的价值观和信念。故C选项Theyregaintheirsenseof

balanceandbeeconfident.“他们会重获平衡并建立自信”切题。

【20题详解】

前句Somechoosethe“rejectionstage“anddecideagainstfittinginwiththenew

culture.提到有些人选择“排斥期”，在这个阶段他们会反对融入新的文化。故G选项They

usuallypermanentlywithdrawfromtheculturethroughisolationorreturning

home.“他们会永远通过自我孤立和返回原籍来逃避新的文化”切题。

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分25分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳

选项。

13yearoldMadisonwasstudyingathomewhenhermotherburstin.Shesaidaboy

hadfallenintoaseptictank（化粪池）andmadeanurgent21forMadison's

help.

Theyrantoaneighbor'syard,wheretheanxiousadultssurroundedtheseptic

tankopening22widerthanabasketball.Theboy,agedonly2,hadslippedin

andwasdrowning.

Madisonquickly23thesituation.Shewastheonlyonewhocould24

throughthesmal1opening.Withouthesitation,shegotclosetotheopeningandsaid,

“25mein,”

Somepeopleheldherwaistand26.Shewiggled（扭动）armsandshoulders

untilshe27theopening.Inside,thetankwasdarkandtheairsmelly.When

shestuckherarmsintothedirtywater,shejammedherleftwristagainstahidden

stick,28itseverely.

29tendtoherinjury,Madisonscannedthesurfaceofthedirtywater,hoping

tofeeltheunderwaterboy.Suddenlyshesawhislittletoesstickout.Whenspotting

thevague30ofhisfootagain,Madisonshotouther31hand,grasped

thefoottightlyandshouted,“Pullmeup!”

Astheynearlyreachedthesurface,theboy'sotherfootgotstuck.Shewiggled

hisfootuntilitwas32.Eventuallytheywereliftedout.

33,thekidwasn,toutoftrouble.Havingsufferedfromlackof

34thatlong,hewasn'tbreathing.Hewasthengivenhardhitsonthe

backuntilhecoughedupwater.Atthesightofthis,Madisonsighedwithrelief.

Madisonreceivedmonthsoftreatmentforherwrist,whichmadeher35

actionsmoreimpressive.

21.A.appointmentB.attemptC.choiceD.request

22.A.partlyB.previouslyC.slightlyD.

dramatically

23.A.tackledB.examinedc.disturbedD.lost

24.A.lookB.jumpc.fillD.fit

25.A.ThrowB.Lowerc.ForceD.Push

26.A.legsB.armsc.headD.hands

27.A.adjustedtoB.gotthroughc.toredownD.heldon

to

28.A.touchingB.trappingc.injuringD.striking

29.A.InanefforttoB.Ratherthanc.LikelytoD.Readyto

30.A.skinB.gesturec.pictureD.outline

31.A.leftB.singlec.goodD.clumsy

32.A.frozenB.freec.flexibleD.bare

33.A.HoweverB.Insteadc.ThereforeD.

Personally

34.A.protectionB.oxygenc.gravityD.energy

35.A.unselfishB.thoughtlessC.unconsciousD.random

【答案】21.D22.C23.B24.D25.B26.A27.B28.C29.

B30.D31.C32.B33.A34.B35.A

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述了女孩麦迪逊不顾自身安危，英勇进入化粪池营救小男孩的感人

事迹。

21题详解】

考查名词词词义辨析。句意：她说一个男孩掉进了化粪池，并紧急请求麦迪逊的帮助。A.

appointment预约；B.attempt尝试；C.choice选择；D.request请求。根据"Shesaid

aboyhadfallenintoaseptictank”可知，麦迪逊的母亲说一个小男孩掉进化粪池，因

此，她来请求（request）麦迪逊帮忙。makeanurgentrequestforhelp向某人紧急求助。

故选D项。

【22题详解】

考查副词词词义辨析。句意：他们跑到邻居家的院子里，焦急的成年人围着比篮球稍宽的一

点的化粪池开口处。A.partly部分地；B.previously之前地；C.slightly稍稍地；D.

dramatically显著地。根据"Theboy,agedonly2,hadslippedinandwasdrowning."

可知，掉进化粪池的男孩才2岁，可推知，化粪池的开口不大，比篮球直径稍稍（slightly）

宽一点。故选C项。

[23题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦迪逊很快检查了情况。A.tackled解决；B.examined检查；

C.disturbed干扰；D.lost失去。根据"Shewastheonlyonewhocould4through

thesmallopening.可知，麦迪逊检查了（examined）周围都是成年人以及化粪池洞口的

这几个情况，只有他身体比较小，能够穿进洞口。故选B项。

[24题详解】

考查动词词词义辨析。句意:她是唯一一个能穿过这个小洞的人。A.look看；B.jump跳;

C.fill填；D.fit适合，容纳。根据上文wwheretheanxiousadultssurroundedtheseptic

tankopening2widerthanabasketball.M可知，当麦迪逊到达的时候，围在化粪

池洞口的都是成年人，只有她是孩子，能够适合（fit）穿过那个洞口。故选D项。

【25题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她毫不犹豫地走近洞口说：