英语语音基础知识lesson

BasicknowledgeofEnglishphonetics,less目录IntroductionBasicConceptsofEnglishPhonicsRulesandTechniquesforPromotionofEnglishVowels目录EnglishConsensusPromotionRulesandTechniquesEnglishIntroductionandRhythmCommonproblemsandsolutionsinEnglishpromotion01IntroductionToprovideabasicunderstandingofEnglishphonesforlanguagelearnersTointroducetheconceptsandprinciplesofphoneticsanditsapplicationinEnglishlanguagelearningToemphasizetheimportanceofpharmaceuticalknowledgeinimprovingpromotion,listeningcomprehension,andoveralllanguageproficiencyPurposeandbackgroundTheImportanceofBasicPhoneticKnowledgeImprovespromotion:Understandingpharmaceuticalprincipleshelpslearnersproducesoundsandwordstresspatternsmoreaccurately,leadingtoclearerandmorenativelikepromotionEnhancementslisteningcomprehension:Familiaritywithphonefeaturesenabledlearnerstorecognizeandinterpretsoundsmoreeasily,improvingtheirabilitytounderstandspoonEnglishFacilitieslanguagelearning:Asolidfoundationinphoneticscanfacilitatethelearningofnewvocabulary,grammar,andpromotionrules,aswellasimprovereadingandwritingskillsIncreaseselfconfidence:MasteringthebasicsofEnglishphonescanboostlearners'confidenceintheirabilitytocommunicateeffectivelyinEnglish,bothorallyandinwrittenform02BasicConceptsofEnglishPhonicsPhonemesThesmallestunitofsoundinalanguagethatcanchangethemeaningofawordEnglishhasapproximately44phones,whicharecategorizedintovowelsandconsonantsPhoneticAlphabetAsetofsymbolsusedtorepresentthesoundsofalanguageinaconsistentandsystematicwayTheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)isthemostwidelyusedtelephonealphabetforEnglishPhonemesandPhonicAlphabetUnitsofpromotionthatconsensusofavowelsound,withorwithoutsurroundingconsonantsSymptomsareimportantindeterminingtherhythmandintroductionofEnglishspeechSymptomsTheemphasisorprogressgiventoaparticularsyntaxinawordorphraseStresscanchangethemeaningandpromotionofwordsinEnglishStressSlellablesandstressPromotionOrganizationsThephysicalstructuresinvolvedinproducingspeechsounds,includingthelips,tongue,tea,plate,andlaundryPromotionPrinciplesGuidelinesforproducingaccurateandintelligentspeechsoundsinEnglishTheseprinciplesincludecorrectplacementofpromotionorganizations,controlofbreadflow,andmasterofvoteandconsistentsoundsPronunciationOrganizationsandPronunciationPrinciples03RulesandTechniquesforPromotionofEnglishVowelsShortvoices01Pronounceeachvoicesoundseparatelyandclearly,withashortandquicksoundExamplesinclude/æ/in"cat,"/e/in"bed,"/ɪ/In"bit,"/ɒ/In"dog,"and/ʊ/In"book."Longvowels02PronouncethevowelsoundwithalongerdurationandamoreopensouthernpositionExamplesinclude/i:/in"be,"/ɑ:/In"car,"/ɔ:/In"for,"/u:/in"too,"and/ɜ:/In"bird."Diphthongs03CombinetwovowelsoundssmoothlywithinasingleumbrellaCommondiphthongsinclude/aɪ/In"time,"/eɪ/In"face,"/oʊ/In"go,"/aʊ/In"out,"and/ɔɪ/In"boy."MonophonicpromotionrulesVSWhentwovowelsappeartogether,theyusuallyformadiphthongoralongvowelsoundForexample,/eɪ/In"rain,"/aɪ/In"life,"/oʊ/In"road,"and/ɪə/In"ear."SplitvotesInsomecases,twovotesareproposedseparatelywithinasinglesellable,withthestressonthefirstvoteExamplesinclude"eight"proposedas/eɪT/,"great"proposedas/ɡREɪT/,and"height"promotedas/haɪT/VowelpairsDoublevowelpromotionrulesVowelPromotionSkillsandPracticeListenandlimit:ListencarefullytonativespeakersandlimittheirpromotionofvotesPayattentiontomoreshape,tongueposition,andliproundingPracticewithminimumpairs:Minimumpairsarewordsthatbufferonlybyonesound,soas"bit"and"beat."PracticingthesepairscanhelpyoudifferentiatebetweensimilarvoicesoundsUseamirrororfeelyourface:WatchingyourselfinthemirrororfeelingyourfaceasyouproposevotescanhelpyouvisualizeandcorrectyoursouthernshapeandtonguepositionRecordyourself:ListeningtoyourownpromotioncanhelpyouidentifyareasthatneedimprovementCompareyourpromotiontonativespeakersandmakeadjustmentsaccordingly04EnglishConsensusPromotionRulesandTechniquesExplorativesoundsareproducedbyacompleteclosureoftheairwayfollowedbyahiddenreleaseofairTopromotethesesoundscorrectly,itisimportanttoreleasetheairquicklyandforcefully,whilekeepingthevocalcordsrelaxedforvoicelesssounds(/p/,/t/,/k/)andtenseforvoicedsounds(/b/,/d/,/g/)ThesixexploratorysoundsinEnglishare/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,and/g/ThepromotionrulesofexploratorysoundsFrictionalsoundsareproducedbyforcingairthroughanarrowopeninginthesouth,creatingahissingorsizzlingsoundTherearetenfrictionalsoundsinEnglish:/f/,/v//θ/,/ð/,/S/,/z//ʃ/,/ʒ/,/H/,and/r/Topromotetacticscorrectly,itiscriticaltomaintainaconstantairflowandtopositionthetongueandlipscorrectlytocreatethedesiredsoundPromotionrulesforfrictionalsoundsWhiletherearegeneralrulesforpronunciatingfrictionalsounds,therearealsoexceptionsandvariationsinpronunciationForexample,thesound/r/isoftenpromotedasafliportripinsomeAmericanEnglishaccents,whileinotheraccentsitmaybepromotedasataporevencommittedSimilarly,thesounds/θ/And/ð/Canbechallengingfornon-nativespeakerstopromotecorrectness,astheyrequireauniquepositioningofthetongueandteaBreakingtherulesoffrictionalpromotionAdditionally,usingonlineresourcessuchaspromotionguidesandaudiorecordingscanprovidevaluablefeedbackandpracticeopportunitiesToimprovecoherentpromotion,itishelpfultopracticeindividualsoundsinisolation,aswellasinwordsandintentionsListeningtonativespeakersandimprovingtheirpromotioncanalsobebeneficialConsistentPronunciationSkillsandPractice05EnglishIntroductionandRhythmRiseandfallRisingintroductionisoftenusedtoindicateaquestionoruncertainty,whilefallingintroductionistypicallyusedtoindicateastatementorconclusionPitchlevelThepitchlevelofintegrationcanvary,withhighpitchofindicatingexceptionoremphasis,andlowpitchsuggestingcalmnessorsadnessIntroductioncontextsThesedescribetheoverallshapeoftheintroductioninasense,suchasariskfallcontourforayesnoquestionIntroductiontypesandfunctionsSentencestressandrhythmThepatternofstressedandunstressedsyndromeinasensecreatesarhythmthatcanvarybasedonthespeaker'sintentandemotionalstateRhythmInEnglish,inheritaggregatesinawordarestressed,whileothersareunstressedThispatterncreatesanaturalrhythminspeechStressedandunstressedaggregatesThemostimportantwordinasentenceistypicallystressed,helpingtounderstandthemeaningofthesentenceSentencestressIntroductionimprovementandpracticeListeningtonativespeakersandimprovingtheirintegrationpatternsisaneffectivewaytoimproveone'sownintegrationPracticewithapartnerSpeakingwithapartnerandprovidingfeedbackoneachother'sintroductioncanhelpbothspeakersimproveRecordingandself-assessmentRecordingoneselfspeakingandthenlisteningbackcanhelpidentifyareaswhereintegrationneedsimprovementListeningandimprovement06CommonproblemsandsolutionsinEnglishpromotionManylearnershavediversedifferentiationbetweenlongandshortvowels,aswellasdiphthongsCorrectionmethodsincludelisteningtonativespeakers,practicingvocalsoundsinisolation,andusingminimalpairstohearthedifferencebetweensimilarsoundsCommonerrorsincludesubstitutingoneconsonantforeitheranotheroraddingunnecessaryconsonantsTocorrecttheseerrors,learnersshouldfocusontheplacementofthetongueandteawhenpromotingconsonantsandpracticeconsonantclustersImprovestressandintroductioncanchangethemeaningofawordorpresenceLearnersshouldpracticestringingthecorrectsyntaxinwordsandusingarisingorfallingintentiontoaccommodatetheappropriatemeansVowelpromotionerrorsConsistentpromotionerrorsStressandintroductionerrorsCommonpronunciationerrorsandcorrectionmethodsDifficienciesandBreakthroughStrategiesinPhoneticLearningDifficultlyindistinguishingsimilarsounds:ManyEnglishsoundsaresubtitleanddistincttodistinguishingLearnerscanimprovetheirabilitytohearthesesoundsbypracticingminimalpairsandusingaudiorecordingstocomparetheirpromotionwithnativespeakersDifficultlyinproducingceramicsounds:SomeEnglishsoundsarediversetoproduceforlearnerswithdifferentnativelanguagesToovercomethisdifficulty,learnersshouldpracticethesesoundsinisolationandincontext,usingmirrorsorfeelingth