山东2021届高考考前模拟卷（一）英语试题（解析版）

山东中学联盟2021年高考考前热身

英语试题

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标

号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将

答案写在答题卡上。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答

题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

HOMESCHOOLINGAWAYFROMHOME

Dynamicprogramsforhomeschooledstudentsaretransformingtheoutsidehomeareasintoa

classroominandofitself,wherehomeschoolerscantakeadvantageofawealthoflessonstolasta

lifetime?Haveaquicklookatthefollowing.Theymightbeagoodfittodiscoverthe

wonder-filledworldoutsidethehome.

AnUnderseaView

Forkidswhoareintoaquatic（水生的）life,TheAquariumofthePacificisagreatspaceto

socializeandengageinhands-onlearningwithmarinelife.Theaquariumoffersarangeof

resources,includinghomeschoolfieldtrips,dedicatedhomeschooldayswithdiscountedadmission

rates.Volunteeringincludes4.5hoursoflearningandinteractingwithaquariumguestsonaweekly

basis.Thisoffershome-schoolersthechancetopracticepublicspeakingandscience

communication.

ALearningTripleTreat

TheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof25ormore

homeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-ledprogram

exploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge.Thetreatisavailable

everyMonday.Hands-onlearningintheconservatory'splantlabwillbethehighlight.

BrainsatPlay

KidspaceChildren'sMuseuminPasadenawillhelpyougetyourhomeschoolersoutofthe

housewith3.5acresofmostlyoutdoor,kiddrivenexperiences.Theseincludemorethan40

hands-onexhibitswherekidscanexplorenaturalenvironmentsandinvestigatescienceandartistic

formsofexpression.

Homeschoolfamiliesaresupportedviaquarterlyhomeschooldays,withanadmissionfeeof

$15peradult-childpair.

TheFlipSideofLearning

Ifbeingforcedtostudyhasyourhomeschoolerbouncingoffthewalls,TempestAcademyis

welcome.Therewillbeconstantmoving,jumping,climbingandrolling.Mostly,however,there

willbecommunity.Buildingacommunityisamajorthemeforthissport,andstudentsgrow,learn

andcollaboratebytakingonchallengesalongsidetheirfellows.Kidsofallagesarewelcome.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutAnunderseaView?

A.Volunteerscaninteractwithvisitors.

B.Ithelpstodevelopchildren'ssocialskillsfully.

C.Itonlyopenstothosekidswhoareintovoluntarywork.

D.Everyparticipanthasachancetopracticepublicspeaking.

2.Whichprogramwillbethenicestfitifkidswanttoappreciateworksofart?

A.AnUnderseaView.B.BrainsatPlay.

C.ALearningTripleTreat.D.TheFlipSideofLearning.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthefourprogramsinthetext?

A.Theyareallfreeofcharge.

B.Theyrequiredifferentagelimits.

C.Allareintendedforkidswithlearningproblems.

D.Allattachgreatimportancetohomeschoolers,involvement.

【答案】l.A2.C3.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了接受家庭教育孩子离家学习的好处以及多种可

选择的项目。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。通过文章第二段“Vblunteeringincludes4.5hoursoflearningandinteractingwith

aquariumguestsonaweeklybasis.（志愿服务包括每周4.5小时的学习和与水族馆客人的互

动）”可知，参观海底景观时，志愿者可以与来访者互动。故选A项。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段"TheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardens

welcomegroupsof25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina

90-minute,docent-ledprogramexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeof

charge.（Huntington图书馆、艺术博物馆和植物园欢迎25名或以上来自同一年级的家庭学校

学生参加一个90分钟的项目，讲解员领导的项目，免费探索艺术收藏馆、植物园和图书馆）”

可推知，如果孩子们想欣赏艺术作品，“ALearningTripleTreat”项目最合适。故选C项。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Thisoffershome-schoolersthechancetopracticepublicspeaking

andsciencecommunication.（这为在家上学的孩子提供了练习公共演讲和科学传播的机

会）“、第三段aTheHuntingtonLibrary,ArtMuseumandBotanicalGardenswelcomegroupsof

25ormorehomeschoolstudentsfromthesamegradetoparticipateina90-minute,docent-led

programexploringtheartcollections,botanicalgardensandlibraryfreeofcharge（Huntington图

书馆、艺术博物馆和植物园欢迎25名或以上来自同一年级的家庭学校学生参加一个90分钟

的项目，讲解员领导的项目，免费探索艺术收藏馆、植物园和图书馆）"、第四段"Kidspace

Children'sMuseuminPasadenawillhelpyougetyourhomeschoolersoutofthehousewith3.5

acresofmostlyoutdoor,kiddrivenexperiences.（位于•帕萨迪纳的Kidspace儿童博物馆将帮助你

让在家上学的孩子走出家门，为他们提供3.5英亩的户外体验）”以及第五段"Ifbeingforced

tostudyhasyourhomeschoolerbouncingoffthewalls,TempestAcademyiswelcome.（如果被迫

学习让自学者感到震惊，Tempest学院是受欢迎的）”可推知，从课文中的四个项目中我们能

推断出，所有人都非常重视自学者的参与。故选D项。

B

Distantlyrelatedtothelarger,better-knownblack-and-whitegiantpanda,theredpandaisa

merecreaturefoundinthemountainsofNepal,Myanmar,andcentralChina.

Theredpandaisdwarfedbytheblack-and-whitegiantthatsharesitsname.Thesepandas

typicallygrowtothesizeofahousecat,thoughtheirbig,bushytailsaddanadditional46

centimeters.Theyusetheirringedtailsaswraparoundblanketsinthecoldmountainheights.

Theredpandasharesthegiantpanda'srainy,high-altitudeforesthabitat,buthasawiderrange.

RedpandasliveinthemountainsofNepalandnorthernMyanmar,aswellasincentralChina.

Theseanimalsspendmostoftheirlivesintreesandevensleepaloft.Whenhunting,theyare

mostactiveatnightaswellasinthehoursofduskanddawn.

Redpandashaveatasteforbamboobut,unliketheirlargerrelatives,theyeatmanyotherfoods

aswell-fruit,acorns,roots,andeggs.Likegiantpandas,theyhaveanextendedwristbonethat

functionsalmostlikeathumb（拇指）andgreatlyaidstheirgrasp.

Theyareshyandaloneexceptwhenmating.Femalesgivebirthinthespringandsummer,

typicallytoonetofouryoung.Youngredpandasremainintheirnestsforabout90days,during

whichtimetheirmothercaresforthem.Malestakelittleornointerestintheiryoungbabies.

Theredpandahasgivenscientiststaxonomic（分类的）fits.Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelative

ofthegiantpanda,andalsooftheraccoon,withwhichitsharesaringedtail.Currently,redpandas

areconsideredmembersoftheirownuniquefamily-theAiluridae.

Redpandasareendangered,victimsofdeforestation.Theirnaturalspaceisshrinkingasmore

andmoreforestsaredestroyedbyloggingandthespreadofagriculture.

4Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheredpanda?

A.Bigandbushy.B.Particularaboutfood.

C.Activeintheday.D.Hardtofitintoacategory.

5.Howcanweeasilytellaredpandafromagiantpanda?

A.Bytheirsize.B.Bytheirhabitat.

C.Bythewaytheyhunt.D.Bytheirwristbone.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph7refert（）?

A.Theraccoon.B.Theredpanda.

C.Thegiantpanda.D.Thetaxonomicfit.

7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tocompareavarietyofpandas.

B.Toexplaintheclassificationofpandas.

C.Toraiseawarenessofprotectingwildlife.

D.Tomakeanintroductiontoauniqueanimal.

【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小熊猫的居住地以及其习性。

【4题详解】

推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段"Ithasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalso

oftheraccoon,withwhichitsharesaringedtail.Currently,redpandasareconsideredmembersof

theirownuniquefamily—theAiluridae.（它被归类为大熊猫的近亲，也被归类为浣熊的近亲，

浣熊与小熊猫有环状的尾巴。目前，小熊猫被认为是自己独特家族的一员——熊猫科）”可

推知，小熊猫很难被归类。故选D项。

【5题详解】

推理判断题。通过文章第三段"Theredpandasharesthegiantpanda'srainy,high-altitudeforest

habitat,buthasawiderrange.RedpandasliveinthemountainsofNepalandnorthernMyanmar,as

wellasincentralChina.（小熊猫和大熊猫一样都生活在多兩的、高海拔的森林栖息地，但范

围更广。小熊猫生活在尼泊尔、缅甸北部以及中国中部的山区。）”可推知，根据小熊猫和

大熊猫的栖息地不同，可以轻易区分小熊猫和大熊猫。故选A项。

【6题详解】

词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Theredpandahasgivenscientiststaxonomicfits.（小熊猫给科

学家提供了分类学上的依据）”和uIthasbeenclassifiedasarelativeofthegiantpanda,andalso

oftheraccoon（它被归类为大熊猫的近亲，也被归类为浣熊的近亲）”以及下文“sharesa

ringedtail（都有一条环状的尾巴）”可推知，此处意为小熊猫与浣熊相似，都有环状的尾巴，

所以文章第七段中带下划线的“it”指的是小熊猫。故选B项。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文并且根据文章首段“Distantlyrelatedtothelarger,better-known

black-and-whitegiantpanda,theredpandaisamerecreaturefoundinthemountainsofNepal,

Myanmar,andcentralChina.（小熊猫与更大、更知名的黑白相间的大熊猫有着远亲关系，它

只是在尼泊尔、缅甸和中国中部山区发现的一种动物）”可推知，本文的目的是向读者介绍

介绍一种独特的动物一一小熊猫。故选D项。

C

Bornin1921,PaulSmithwasdiagnosedwithaseverediseasethataffectsmotorabilitiesand

strength.Sincehecouldnotgrasptheartisfstools,hiscreationsturnedtothetypewriter.

Hisworksincludehischildhoodfascinationwithtrains,spiritualleaders,warscenesand

countryheroes.It'snotsomuchthesubjectthatisremarkableaboutPaul'swork,it'sthepainstaking

skillofusingsymbolsonatypewritertoformperfectcopyofexistingwork,andcreative

representationsofhissuiToundings.

Paul'simagesemployedonlyahandfulofsymbolkeys-!,幷，%,A,(,&,)-which

wereaccessiblealongthetoprowofhistypewriterkeyboard.Remarkable,whenapersonconsiders

thathandtypewritersrequiredtheribbonstobepositioned,therollertobeadjusted,andthepaperto

besecured.Typewriters,ofthattime,leftnoroomforerrorsinceerasingmistakenkeystrokeswas

notacleanoption.

Ashetyped,hewouldlocktheshiftkeyinasafepositionnottotypenumbers.Heusedhisleft

handtosteadyhisright.Differentsymbolscreatedthelookofvariedtextures(神韵),anddepending

onthelooktoachieve,hewouldadjustthespacingtotypethesymbolsnearorfar.And,headjusted

therollertoperfectspacesbetweenlines.

Dependingonitssizeandcomplexity,itcouldtakeanywherefromtwoweekstothreemonths

tocompleteonepiece.Heworked,onaverage,acoupleofhourseverydayonhisart.Afterallof

thatwork,onewouldn'tblamePaulifhesoughttosellhiswork,butbyallaccounts,hewouldgive

awayhispieces.Ashisdistinctiveartformgainedinterestfromothers,thenumberofordersforhis

artworkincreased.

In2007theworldlostPaulSmithattheageof85.ForthisAmerican,creatingartwasa

leisurelypursuitandaformofexpression.Totheartworld,hesetahighbarfortypewriterartists

thatmanyhavetriedtomatch,butfewareabletorepeatit.

8.WhatdoweknowaboutthetoolPaulSmithworkedwith?

A.Ithasonlysymbolkeys.B.Itrequiresribbonsandaroller.

C.Itisspeciallymadeforhim.D.Thespacingisnotadjustable.

9.WhatdidPaulSmithhavetodotoworkouthisproduction?

A.Locktheshiftkey.B.Erasemistakesneatly.

C.Steadyallthesymbols.D.Adjustthekeysprecisely.

10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribePaulSmith'sworks?

A.Primitive.B.Sensitive.

C.Innovative.D.Timeefficient.

11.WhatcanwelearnfromPaulSmith'sstory?

A.Artcomesfromlife.B.Effortsworkwonders.

C.Patienceisavirtue.D.Techniquedoescount.

【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.B

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了PaulSmith身残志坚，通过自己努力，创造

出了一种独特的打字机，Paul的故事启示我们，努力才能取得成功。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。通过文章第三段"Remarkable,whenapersonconsidersthathandtypewriters

requiredtheribbonstobepositioned,therollertobeadjusted,andthepapertobesecured.（当一个

人考虑到手动打字机需要定位色带，调整滚筒，固定纸张时，这是很了不起的）”可知，Paul

Smith使用的工具需要色带和滚筒。故选B项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Ashetyped,hewouldlocktheshiftkeyinasafeposition（当他

打字时，他会把换档钥匙锁在一个安全的位置）”可知，为了完成自己的作品，PaulSmith

不得不锁定换档钥匙。故选A项。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第四段"Heusedhislefthandtosteadyhisright.Differentsymbols

createdthelookofvariedtextures,anddependingonthelooktoachieve,hewouldadjustthe

spacingtotypethesymbolsnearorfar.And,headjustedtherollertoperfectspacesbetweenlines.

（他用左手稳住右手。不同的符号创造出不同纹理的外观，根据所要实现的外观，他会调整

间距来输入符号的远近。他还调整了滚筒，使其线条之间的间距达到完美。）”可推知，Paul

Smith的想法非常具有创造力，他的作品是创新的一种方式。故选C项。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。通过文章第一段"Bomin1921,PaulSmithwasdiagnosedwithaseveredisease

thataffectsmotorabilitiesandstrength.Sincehecouldnotgrasptheartist'stools,hiscreations

turnedtothetypewriter.（出生于1921年的PaulSmith被诊断出患有一种严重的影响运动能力

和力量的疾病。由于他不能握住艺术家的工具，他的创作转向了打字机）”可知，PaulSmith

虽然患病却没有放弃。又通过文章最后一段"Totheartworld,hesetahighbarfortypewriter

artiststhatmanyhavetriedtomatch,butfewareabletorepeatit.（对于艺术界来说，他为打字机

艺术家设置了一个很高的标准，很多人都试图与之匹配，但很少有人能够重复）”可知，Paul

Smith身患疾病却为美国打字机艺术开创了一个未来。由此推知PaulSmith的故事启示我们，

努力就能创造奇迹。故选B项。

D

Theroleofmediahistoricallyhasbeencentraltothemakingofsocietyandtheconstructionof

identity.Itisvitalinthesearchforinformation,storiesandarttofeedthehumanspiritand

imaginationtoovercomethechallengesahead.

Inanageoffalsenewsandmisinformation,goodqualitycontentismorevaluablethanever.

Historyprovidessomecontext.IntheUKthedevelopmentoftheliberal（自由的）mediapriortothe

1950swascharacterizedbyaclearhierarchy（等级）whenitcametothecontrolofinformation.This

modeleventuallygavewaytoapopular,audience-drivenmassmediainthe1980s,whentheideaof

themediaasasourceofpopularpleasuretookroot.

Today,asmorecontentisdistributedviasocialplatformsandthedivisionbetweencontent

creatorsandcontentconsumersisunclear,technologycompanies一or“supercompetitors^^一are

takinggreaterresponsibilityforguaranteeingthequalityandintegrityofinformation.Perhapsasa

reactiontothisandwithanoddnodtopre-1950spaternalism（家长式管理），thereisarisingcallfor

governmentsandregulatorstotakeamoreactiveroleintheproductionandspreadingofnewsto

ensureequitableaccesstoinformation.

Accesstoorqualityofcontentisbetterthanever.Butwhiledestinationmediacompeteto

becomeleadersintheirspecificareas,thetechgiantsareworkingouthowtousemediatodominate

time,spendanddata.Whatwillbetheimpactofthestrategiesofthetechgiantsontheoverallmedia

landscape?Thepoetandnovelist,BenOkri,writes,44Itmaywellbethatitisnotonlysciencethat

savesus.Wemayalsobesavedbylaughter,bytheoptimismofbeingabletoseebeyondthesetimes,

withstories,withcommunity,withsongs/5

Intheabsenceofrealcontact,interactionandtheconsumptionofexperienceisnowmostly

mediated（调解）.Thevalueandintegrityofmediahasneverbeenmorerelevantandsignificant.

12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“somecontext"inParagraph2referto?

A.Thedevelopmentoftheliberalmedia.

B.ThemodeloftheBritishclearhierarchy.

C.Thechangingoffactorsdeterminingmediacontent.

D.Theideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasure.

13.Whatisthemajorproblemmediatodayarefacing?

AMediaarelosingtheirrolesinshapingsociety.

B.It'shardtodividecontentcreatorsandconsumers.

C.Mediaaremisusedtodominatetime,spendanddata.

D.Thequalityandintegrityofinformationcan'tbeavailable.

14.WhatdoesBenOkriintendtotellus?

A.Ourlifelackspassion.B.Peopleneedpropermediacontent.

C.Sciencecanbyallmeanssaveus.D.Mediacannotchangethereallife.

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheCoreofMedia—ValueandIntegrity

B.TheTransformationofMediaContent

C.TheImpactofTechGiantsonMedia

D.TheUpsandDownsofMedia

【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述媒体的发展和核心问题一一媒体的价值观和完整性。

【12题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句uHistoryprovidessomecontext.（历史提供了一些背景。）”

说明下文讲述的是和somecontext有关的内容。下文“IntheUKthedevelopmentofthe

liberal（自由的）mediapriortothe1950swascharacterizedbyaclearhierarchy（等级）whenitcame

tothecontrolofinformation.Thismodeleventuallygavewaytoapopular,audience-drivenmass

mediainthe1980s,whentheideaofthemediaasasourceofpopularpleasuretookroot.（在20

世纪50年代之前的英国，自由媒体的发展特征是在信息控制方面有一个清晰的等级制度。

这种模式最终在20世纪80年代被流行的、以观众为导向的大众媒体所取代，当时媒体作为

大众快乐的来源的想法开始生根。）”主要讲述的是媒体内容决定因素的变化。C项"The

changingoffactorsdeterminingmediacontent.（决定媒体内容的因素的变化。）“解释了some

context的内容，符合题意。故选C项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段“Accesstoorqualityofcontentisbetterthanever.Butwhiledestination

mediacompetetobecomeleadersintheirspecificareas,thetechgiantsareworkingouthowtouse

mediatodominatetime,spendanddata.（对内容的访问或质量比以往任何时候都好。但是，

当目的地媒体竞相成为其特定领域的领导者时，科技巨头们正在研究如何利用媒体主导时

间、花费和数据。）”可知，今天媒体面临的主要问题是被误用来支配时间、花费和数据。

故选C项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“Thepoetandnovelist,BenOkri,writes,tfcItmaywellbethatitisnot

onlysciencethatsavesus.Wemayalsobesavedbylaughter,bytheoptimismofbeingabletosee

beyondthesetimes,withstories,withcommunity,withsongs.^^（诗人兼说家BenOkri写道：

“很可能不仅仅是科学拯救了我们。通过故事、社区和歌曲，我们也可能被笑声、能够看到

超越时代的乐观精神所拯救。“）”可以推断，BenOkri认为人们需要适当的媒体内容。故

选B项。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段"Theroleofmediahistoricallyhasbeencentraltothemakingofsociety

andtheconstructionofidentity.Itisvitalinthesearchforinformation,storiesandarttofeedthe

humanspiritandimaginationtoovercomethechallengesahead.（历史上，媒体的作用一直是社

会形成和身份建构的核心。在寻找信息、故事和艺术的过程中，培养人类的精神和想象力以

克服未来的挑战是至关重要的。）”和最后一段“Thevalueandintegrityofmediahasnever

beenmorerelevantandsignificant.（媒体的价值观和完整性从未像现在这样重要”和全文

内容可知，文章主要讲述媒体的发展和核心问题一一媒体的价值观和完整性。所以A选项

uTheCoreofMedia-ValueandIntegrity（媒体的核心---价值与诚信）”概括文章主旨，

适合作为文章标题。故选A项。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两

项为多余选项。

Scientistsrelyonjournalpaperstosharetheirscientificresults.16

Onceresearchersareconfidentoftheirresults,theywriteupamanuscript（手稿）andsenditto

ajournal.Editorsforwardthesubmittedmanuscriptstoatleasttwoexternalrefereeswhoareexpert

inthetopic.Thesereviewerscansuggestthemanuscriptberejected,publishedasis,orsentbackto

thescientistsformoreexperiments.17

Researchpublishedinpeer-reviewedjournalshasundergonestrictqualitycontrolbyexperts.

Eachyear,about2,800peer-reviewedjournalspublishroughly1.8millionscientificpapers.The

bodyofscientificknowledgeisconstantlyevolvingandupdating,butyoucantrustthatthescience

thesejournalsdescribeissound.Retractionpolicieshelpcorrecttherecordifmistakesare

discoveredpost-publication.

18Togetthewordoutfaster,scientistssometimespostresearchpapersonwhat's

calledapreprintserver.Theseoftenhave"RXiv”-pronounced"archive”—intheir

name:MedRXiv,BioRXivandsoon.Thesearticleshavenotbeenpeer-reviewedandsoarenot

provenbyotherscientists.Preprintsprovideanopportunityforotherscientiststoevaluateanduse

theresearchasbuildingblocksintheirownworksooner.

Howlonghasthisworkbeenonthepreprintserver?Ifit'sbeenmonthsandithasn'tyetbeen

publishedinthepeer-reviewedliterature,beveryskeptical.19DuringtheCOVID-19

crisis,withresearchershurryingtounderstandadangerousnewvirusandrushingtodevelop

lifesavingtreatments,preprintservershavebeenlitteredwithimmatureandunprovenscience.

Demandingresearchstandardshavebeensacrificedfbrspeed.

Besmartlyawareofresearchpublishedinwhatarecalledpredatory（损人利己的）journals.

20Papersfromanyofthethousandsofknownpredatoryjournalsshouldbetreatedwith

strongskepticism.

A.Thatprocessiscalled“peerreview”.

B.Peerreviewnormallytakesmonths.

C.Calltoconfirmthattheyareprovencorrect.

D.However,theycan'tguaranteethepapersarecorrect.

E.Theylettheworldseewhatresearchhasbeendone,andhow.

F.Theydon'tpeer-reviewmanuscripts,andtheychargeauthorsafeetopublish.

G.Thescientistssubmittingthepreprintmaynotcomefromareliableinstitution.

【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.G20.F

【解析】

【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了科学家发表研究论文的过程，并提醒要警惕在损人利己

期刊上发表的科学论文。

【16题详解】

上文"Scientistsrelyonjournalpaperstosharetheirscientificresults.讲述科学家们依靠期刊

来分享他们的科学成果，E项“他们让世界看看做了什么研究，以及如何做的。”与上文是

因果关系，they指代上文提到的“Scientists”,说明科学家分享科学成果的目的。故选E。

【17题详解】

上文“Onceresearchersareconfidentoftheirresults,theywriteupamanuscript（手稿）andsendit

toajournal.Editorsforwardthesubmittedmanuscriptstoatleasttwoexternalrefereeswhoare

expertinthetopic.Thesereviewerscansuggestthemanuscriptberejected,publishedasis,orsent

backtothescientistsformoreexperiments^一旦研究人员对他们的结果有信心，他们就写一

份手稿发送给杂志。编辑们将提交的手稿转交给至少两名担任该话题专家的外部审阅人。这

些评论者可以建议拒绝手稿，按原样发表，或寄回科学家那里进行更多的实验。）”讲述了

研究结果发布的过程，A项中的"Thatprocess”与上文提到的内容相符，因此推断A项“这

个过程被称为‘同行评审'”符合语境。故选A。

【18题详解】

下文“Togetthewordoutfaster,scientistssometimespostresearchpapersonwhat'scalleda

preprintserver.（为了更快地传播这个信息，科学家们有时会在所谓的预刊上发表研究论

文）”可推断，有时发表论文需要时间比较长，B项中的“takesmonths”与之相符，“Peer

review”与上文的话题相符。B项“同行评审通常需要几个月的时间。”符合语境，与下文

构成因果关系。故选B。

【19题详解】

上文"Ifit'sbeenmonthsandithasn'tyetbeenpublishedinthepeer-reviewedliterature,bevery

skeptical."介绍如果论文在预刊上已经几个月了，还没有在同行互审的期刊上发表，那这篇

论文就很可疑。下文uDuringtheCOVID-19crisis,withresearchershurryingtounderstanda

dangerousnewvirusandrushingtodeveloplifesavingtreatments,preprintservershavebeen

litteredwithimmatureandunprovenscience.Demandingresearchstandardshavebeensacrificed

forspeed.（在新冠疫情期间，研究人员急于了解一种危险的新病毒，并急于开发挽救生命的

治疗方法，预刊上充斥着不成熟和未经证实的科学知识。为了速度，牺牲了严格的研究标

准）”陈述为了速度牺牲了严格的行业标准，G项中的“maynotcomefromareliable

institutionM与上文的uskeptical''一致，G项”提交预印本的科学家可能不是来自可靠的机

构。”符合语境，提到了可疑论文可能的原因，下文介绍新冠期间的例子继续说明科学家提

交不可靠论文的原因。故选G。

【20题详解】

上文"Besmartlyawareofresearchpublishedinwhatarecalledpredatory（损人利己

的）journals」要明智地了解发表在所谓的损人利己期刊上的研究）”提到一些损人利己期刊

发表的科学论文，下文**Papersfromanyofthethousandsofknownpredatoryjournalsshouldbe

treatedwithstrongskepticism.（成千上万已知的损人利己的期刊中的任何一篇论文都应该受

到强烈的怀疑。）”说明这些期刊上论文应该怀疑，F项“他们不会对手稿进行同行评议，

他们向作者收取出版费用。”符合语境，其中的"they”指代上文的"predatory（损人利己

的）journals”,**don'tpeer-reviewmanuscripts,andtheychargeauthorsafeetopublish''说明

这些论文没有同行互审，向作者收取出版作品的费用，因此是值得怀疑，与下文相符。故选

F。

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最

佳选项。

Iwasboundtotraveltenmilestopickupafamilyfromaspecificlocation.Atthemomentthey

wereinmy21,1wasawarethatthecouplehad22theseatbelts,butnotthekidsthey

weretravelingwith.

ThenIsteppedoutofthecarandopenedthe23tohandtheseatbeltstothekids.The

parentsrefusedmy24,inthattheywereinarush.I25themifIwasdeclined,then

whatkindof26wasthatforthechildren.

Theywereonlyatlessthantwokilometersdistancefromtheirhome,butthecabcompany's

policiesandthestate27lawsaboutseatbeltsaremymain28becauseIknowIcan

savemyselfandothersfromaccidents.

Iassumedthatthekidsappeared29oftheirparents,fortheydidn'tprotestabit.But

theyeventuallystruggledtousethebelts.Onthataccount,Ididnot30thisincidenttothe

cabcompany,giventhosekidsbehavedso31thattheydidn'tnecessarilypayfortheir

parents'32.1tookgreatprideinthosekids,astheywerenotthatsortofpeopletheir

parentswere.

Thecompanyhasbeen33itssecuritypolicieswhichrequirethedrivertowatchout

forthepassengers'3-1aswellasprovidingexcellentservices.Icongratulatedthekidson

theirpresenceatallschoolclassestheyhadbeenattending,andInoticethattheschoolsystem

worksalotbetterdaybydayforthosewho____35____theclasses.

21.A.sightB.positionC.vehicleD.charge

22.A.loosenedB.ignoredC.discoveredD.secured

23.A.trunkB.windowC.engineD.door

24.A.signalB.offerC.responseD.

instruction

25.A.remindedB.guaranteedC.comfortedD.forgave

26.A.victimB.witnessC.phenomenonD.model

27.A.civilB.educationC.trafficD.labour

28.A.taskB.concernC.targetD.barrier

29.A.awareB.fearfulC.proudD.doubtful

30.A.recommendB.connectC.referD.owe

31A.perfectlyB.differentlyC.badlyD.

strangely

32.A.disrespectB.misunderstanding