公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出采用空间双重差分模型的实证分析

公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出采用空间双重差分模型的实证分析一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle本文旨在通过实证分析的方法，探讨公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间的关系。采用空间双重差分模型，对这一问题进行深入的研究和分析。文章首先对相关概念进行界定和理论阐述，为后续实证分析提供理论基础。然后，基于已有的研究文献，构建空间双重差分模型，并运用该模型对公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间的关系进行实证分析。通过模型的构建和数据的分析，本文旨在揭示公众环境关心对地方环保支出的影响，以及中央环保督察在这一过程中的调节作用。本文还将对实证结果进行深入探讨，提出相应的政策建议，以期为我国环保事业的发展提供有益参考。Thisarticleaimstoexploretherelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcern,centralenvironmentalsupervision,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditurethroughempiricalanalysis.Usingaspatialdoubledifferencemodel,conductin-depthresearchandanalysisonthisissue.Thearticlefirstdefinesandtheoreticallyelaboratesonrelevantconcepts,providingatheoreticalbasisforsubsequentempiricalanalysis.Then,basedonexistingresearchliterature,aspatialdoubledifferencemodelisconstructed,andthismodelisusedtoempiricallyanalyzetherelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcern,centralenvironmentalsupervision,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Throughmodelconstructionanddataanalysis,thisarticleaimstorevealtheimpactofpublicenvironmentalconcernsonlocalenvironmentalexpenditure,aswellastheregulatoryroleofcentralenvironmentalinspectionsinthisprocess.Thisarticlewillalsodelveintotheempiricalresultsandproposecorrespondingpolicyrecommendations,inordertoprovideusefulreferencesforthedevelopmentofChina'senvironmentalprotectionindustry.在研究方法上，本文采用空间双重差分模型，充分考虑了地理空间因素对环保支出的影响。通过收集相关数据，运用计量经济学方法进行实证分析，以期得出更为准确、可靠的研究结论。在数据来源上，本文将从政府官方网站、环保部门、问卷调查等多个渠道获取相关数据，以确保数据的全面性和准确性。Intermsofresearchmethods,thisarticleadoptsaspatialdoubledifferencemodel,fullyconsideringtheimpactofgeographicspatialfactorsonenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures.Bycollectingrelevantdataandusingeconometricmethodsforempiricalanalysis,weaimtodrawmoreaccurateandreliableresearchconclusions.Intermsofdatasources,thisarticlewillobtainrelevantdatafrommultiplechannelssuchasgovernmentofficialwebsites,environmentalprotectiondepartments,andquestionnairesurveystoensurethecomprehensivenessandaccuracyofthedata.通过本文的研究，我们期望能够深入了解公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间的关系，为政策制定者提供决策参考，推动我国环保事业的持续发展。本文的研究也有助于丰富环保经济学领域的理论体系，为后续研究提供有益借鉴。Throughtheresearchinthisarticle,wehopetogainadeeperunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcerns,centralenvironmentalinspections,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditures,providingdecision-makerswithdecision-makingreferencesandpromotingthesustainabledevelopmentofChina'senvironmentalprotectionindustry.Thisstudyalsocontributestoenrichingthetheoreticalsysteminthefieldofenvironmentaleconomicsandprovidesusefulreferencesforsubsequentresearch.二、文献综述Literaturereview随着公众环保意识的日益增强，环境关心已经成为影响地方环保政策制定和执行的重要因素之一。近年来，中央环保督察制度的建立和实施，更是对环境治理产生了深远的影响。在此背景下，探讨公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间的关系，不仅具有重要的理论价值，也为实践中提升环境治理效果提供了有益的参考。Withtheincreasingpublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,environmentalconcernhasbecomeoneoftheimportantfactorsaffectingtheformulationandimplementationoflocalenvironmentalpolicies.Inrecentyears,theestablishmentandimplementationofthecentralenvironmentalprotectioninspectionsystemhashadaprofoundimpactonenvironmentalgovernance.Inthiscontext,exploringtherelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcern,centralenvironmentalsupervision,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditurenotonlyhasimportanttheoreticalvalue,butalsoprovidesusefulreferenceforimprovingenvironmentalgovernanceeffectivenessinpractice.国内外学者对于公众环境关心与地方环保支出的关系进行了大量的研究。一方面，公众环境关心被认为是推动地方政府增加环保支出的重要动力。随着公众对环境问题的关注度提升，地方政府面临着越来越大的压力，需要通过增加环保支出来回应公众的关切。另一方面，也有学者认为公众环境关心与地方环保支出之间的关系可能受到多种因素的影响，如地方经济发展水平、政府治理能力等。Domesticandforeignscholarshaveconductedextensiveresearchontherelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcernandlocalenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures.Ontheonehand,publicenvironmentalconcernisconsideredanimportantdrivingforceforlocalgovernmentstoincreaseenvironmentalspending.Withtheincreasingpublicattentiontoenvironmentalissues,localgovernmentsarefacingincreasingpressuretorespondtopublicconcernsbyincreasingenvironmentalspending.Ontheotherhand,somescholarsbelievethattherelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcernandlocalenvironmentalprotectionexpendituresmaybeinfluencedbyvariousfactors,suchastheleveloflocaleconomicdevelopmentandgovernmentgovernancecapacity.中央环保督察制度作为一种外部监督机制，对于地方环保政策的制定和执行产生了显著的影响。一方面，中央环保督察通过加强对地方政府的监督，推动了地方政府更加重视环境保护工作，从而增加了环保支出。另一方面，中央环保督察也可能引发地方政府的“应对策略”，如短期内增加环保支出以应对督察，但长期来看可能并未真正改善环境治理效果。Thecentralenvironmentalinspectionsystem,asanexternalsupervisionmechanism,hashadasignificantimpactontheformulationandimplementationoflocalenvironmentalpolicies.Ontheonehand,thecentralenvironmentalinspectionhasstrengthenedsupervisionoverlocalgovernments,promotingthemtopaymoreattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionwork,therebyincreasingenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures.Ontheotherhand,centralenvironmentalinspectionsmayalsotriggerlocalgovernmentstoadopt"responsestrategies",suchasincreasingenvironmentalspendingintheshorttermtocopewithinspections,butinthelongrun,itmaynottrulyimprovetheeffectivenessofenvironmentalgovernance.空间双重差分模型作为一种计量经济学方法，在环境政策评估领域得到了广泛的应用。该方法通过控制时间和空间的固定效应，能够更准确地评估政策实施对环境变量的影响。在本文中，我们将采用空间双重差分模型，实证分析公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间的关系，以期为解决环境治理问题提供新的视角和思路。Thespatialdoubledifferencemodel,asaneconometricmethod,hasbeenwidelyappliedinthefieldofenvironmentalpolicyassessment.Thismethodcanmoreaccuratelyevaluatetheimpactofpolicyimplementationonenvironmentalvariablesbycontrollingforfixedeffectsintimeandspace.Inthisarticle,wewilluseaspatialdoubledifferencemodeltoempiricallyanalyzetherelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcern,centralenvironmentalsupervision,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditure,inordertoprovidenewperspectivesandideasforsolvingenvironmentalgovernanceproblems.公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间的关系是一个复杂而重要的问题。通过文献综述可以发现，虽然已有研究取得了一定的成果，但仍存在许多值得深入探讨的问题。本文将在前人研究的基础上，利用空间双重差分模型进行实证分析，以期为提升环境治理效果提供有益的参考。Therelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcerns,centralenvironmentalinspections,andlocalenvironmentalexpendituresisacomplexandimportantissue.Throughliteraturereview,itcanbefoundthatalthoughsomeresearchhasachievedcertainresults,therearestillmanyissuesworthexploringindepth.Thisarticlewillusethespatialdoubledifferencemodelforempiricalanalysisbasedonpreviousresearch,inordertoprovideusefulreferencesforimprovingtheeffectivenessofenvironmentalgovernance.三、理论框架与研究假设Theoreticalframeworkandresearchhypotheses在环境经济学和政策分析的视角下，公众环境关心被视为推动环境政策制定和执行的重要力量。中央环保督察作为一种强制性政策工具，旨在加强对地方环保工作的监督，促进环保政策的落实。地方环保支出则是反映地方政府对环境保护重视程度的直接指标。空间双重差分模型能够控制空间和时间上的固定效应，有效分离出政策变化对地方环保支出的净影响。Fromtheperspectiveofenvironmentaleconomicsandpolicyanalysis,publicenvironmentalconcernisseenasanimportantforcedrivingtheformulationandimplementationofenvironmentalpolicies.Asamandatorypolicytool,centralenvironmentalinspectionaimstostrengthensupervisionoflocalenvironmentalprotectionworkandpromotetheimplementationofenvironmentalprotectionpolicies.Localenvironmentalprotectionexpenditureisadirectindicatorofthedegreetowhichlocalgovernmentsattachimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.Thespatialdoubledifferencemodelcancontrolforfixedeffectsinspaceandtime,effectivelyseparatingthenetimpactofpolicychangesonlocalenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures.本研究采用空间双重差分模型，旨在探讨公众环境关心、中央环保督察对地方环保支出的影响。模型构建过程中，首先识别出关键变量，包括公众环境关心指数、中央环保督察的实施情况、地方环保支出等。构建空间权重矩阵，以捕捉地区间的空间依赖关系。将变量纳入模型，并通过差分方法分离出政策变化的净效应。Thisstudyadoptsaspatialdoubledifferencemodeltoexploretheimpactofpublicenvironmentalconcernsandcentralenvironmentalinspectionsonlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Intheprocessofmodelconstruction,keyvariablesarefirstidentified,includingpublicenvironmentalconcernindex,implementationstatusofcentralenvironmentalsupervision,localenvironmentalprotectionexpenditure,etc.Constructaspatialweightmatrixtocapturespatialdependenciesbetweenregions.Includevariablesinthemodelandseparatetheneteffectsofpolicychangesthroughdifferentialmethods.公众环境关心对地方环保支出具有正向影响。随着公众环保意识的提高，地方政府面临更大的环境压力，从而增加环保支出。Publicenvironmentalconcernhasapositiveimpactonlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Withtheincreasingpublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection,localgovernmentsarefacinggreaterenvironmentalpressure,therebyincreasingenvironmentalexpenditure.中央环保督察对地方环保支出具有显著影响。中央环保督察的实施将强化地方政府的环保责任，促使地方政府加大环保投入。Centralenvironmentalinspectionshaveasignificantimpactonlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Theimplementationofcentralenvironmentalinspectionswillstrengthentheenvironmentalresponsibilityoflocalgovernmentsandencouragethemtoincreaseinvestmentinenvironmentalprotection.公众环境关心与中央环保督察之间存在互动效应，共同影响地方环保支出。公众环境关心的提高可能增强中央环保督察的效果，进一步推动地方环保支出的增加。Thereisaninteractiveeffectbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcernandcentralenvironmentalinspection,whichjointlyaffectslocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Theincreaseinpublicenvironmentalconcernmayenhancetheeffectivenessofcentralenvironmentalinspectionsandfurtherpromoteanincreaseinlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.空间双重差分模型能够有效控制空间和时间上的固定效应，准确估计公众环境关心和中央环保督察对地方环保支出的影响。Thespatialdoubledifferencemodelcaneffectivelycontrolfixedeffectsinspaceandtime,accuratelyestimatetheimpactofpublicenvironmentalconcernsandcentralenvironmentalinspectionsonlocalenvironmentalexpenditures.本研究将基于以上假设，运用空间双重差分模型进行实证分析，以期揭示公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间的关系及其内在机制。Basedontheaboveassumptions,thisstudywilluseaspatialdoubledifferencemodelforempiricalanalysis,inordertorevealtherelationshipandunderlyingmechanismbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcern,centralenvironmentalsupervision,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.四、研究方法与数据来源Researchmethodsanddatasources本研究旨在探讨公众环境关心、中央环保督察对地方环保支出的影响，为此，我们采用了空间双重差分模型进行实证分析。空间双重差分模型结合了差分方法与空间计量经济学理论，可以有效控制未观察到的异质性和遗漏变量问题，从而更准确地识别出变量间的因果关系。Theaimofthisstudyistoexploretheimpactofpublicenvironmentalconcernsandcentralenvironmentalinspectionsonlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Tothisend,weusedaspatialdoubledifferencemodelforempiricalanalysis.Thespatialdoubledifferencemodelcombinesdifferencemethodswithspatialeconometrictheory,whichcaneffectivelycontrolunobservedheterogeneityandomittedvariableproblems,therebymoreaccuratelyidentifyingcausalrelationshipsbetweenvariables.在数据来源方面，我们主要采用了两个方面的数据：一是公众环境关心的数据，通过问卷调查和在线调查的方式收集，涵盖了公众对环境保护的关注度、参与度和满意度等信息；二是中央环保督察和地方环保支出的数据，主要来源于政府公开数据和相关环保部门的统计报告。为了控制空间效应，我们还引入了地理距离和邻接关系等空间权重矩阵。Intermsofdatasources,wemainlyusedtwoaspectsofdata:first,dataonpublicenvironmentalconcerns,collectedthroughquestionnairesurveysandonlinesurveys,coveringinformationsuchaspublicattention,participation,andsatisfactionwithenvironmentalprotection;Thesecondisthedataoncentralenvironmentalinspectionsandlocalenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures,mainlysourcedfrompubliclyavailablegovernmentdataandstatisticalreportsfromrelevantenvironmentalprotectiondepartments.Inordertocontrolspatialeffects,wealsointroducedspatialweightmatricessuchasgeographicdistanceandadjacencyrelationships.在数据处理和分析过程中，我们首先进行了数据清洗和预处理，以确保数据的准确性和一致性。然后，我们运用空间双重差分模型对数据进行回归分析，以检验公众环境关心和中央环保督察对地方环保支出的影响。我们还进行了稳健性检验和敏感性分析，以验证研究结果的可靠性和稳定性。Intheprocessofdataprocessingandanalysis,wefirstperformdatacleaningandpreprocessingtoensuretheaccuracyandconsistencyofthedata.Then,weuseaspatialdoubledifferencemodeltoperformregressionanalysisonthedatatoexaminetheimpactofpublicenvironmentalconcernsandcentralenvironmentalinspectionsonlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Wealsoconductedrobustnesstestingandsensitivityanalysistoverifythereliabilityandstabilityoftheresearchresults.通过本研究的数据来源和分析方法，我们期望能够更深入地理解公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间的关系，为政策制定和实践提供有益的参考和启示。Throughthedatasourcesandanalysismethodsofthisstudy,wehopetogainadeeperunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcerns,centralenvironmentalinspections,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditures,providingusefulreferencesandinsightsforpolicyformulationandpractice.五、实证分析Empiricalanalysis为了深入探究公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间的关系，本研究采用了空间双重差分模型进行实证分析。这一模型不仅考虑了时间因素，还纳入了空间效应，使得研究结果更加全面和准确。Inordertofurtherexploretherelationshipbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcern,centralenvironmentalsupervision,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditure,thisstudyusedaspatialdoubledifferencemodelforempiricalanalysis.Thismodelnotonlyconsidersthetimefactor,butalsoincorporatesthespatialeffect,makingtheresearchresultsmorecomprehensiveandaccurate.我们构建了包含公众环境关心、中央环保督察和地方环保支出的空间双重差分模型。在模型中，公众环境关心作为解释变量，中央环保督察作为政策干预变量，地方环保支出作为被解释变量。同时，我们还控制了一系列可能影响地方环保支出的其他因素，如地区经济发展水平、人口规模等。Wehaveconstructedaspatialdoubledifferencemodelthatincludespublicenvironmentalconcerns,centralenvironmentalinspections,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditures.Inthemodel,publicenvironmentalconcernisusedastheexplanatoryvariable,centralenvironmentalsupervisionisusedasthepolicyinterventionvariable,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditureisusedasthedependentvariable.Atthesametime,wealsocontrolledforaseriesofotherfactorsthatmayaffectlocalenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures,suchasregionaleconomicdevelopmentlevel,populationsize,etc.接着，我们利用相关数据和统计软件对模型进行了估计。结果显示，公众环境关心对地方环保支出具有显著的正向影响。这表明，当公众对环境问题的关注度提高时，地方政府会更加重视环境保护工作，相应增加环保支出。中央环保督察政策的实施也显著促进了地方环保支出的增加。这一结果表明，中央政府对环保工作的重视和干预能够有效推动地方环保工作的开展。Next,weusedrelevantdataandstatisticalsoftwaretoestimatethemodel.Theresultsshowthatpublicenvironmentalconcernhasasignificantpositiveimpactonlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Thisindicatesthatasthepublic'sattentiontoenvironmentalissuesincreases,localgovernmentswillpaymoreattentiontoenvironmentalprotectionworkandcorrespondinglyincreaseenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures.Theimplementationofcentralenvironmentalinspectionpolicieshasalsosignificantlypromotedanincreaseinlocalenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures.Thisresultindicatesthatthecentralgovernment'semphasisandinterventioninenvironmentalprotectionworkcaneffectivelypromotethedevelopmentoflocalenvironmentalprotectionwork.为了进一步验证模型的稳健性，我们还进行了多种稳健性检验。包括改变模型设定、调整样本范围、使用不同的估计方法等。这些检验结果显示，无论采用何种方法，公众环境关心和中央环保督察对地方环保支出的正向影响均保持显著。Tofurthervalidatetherobustnessofthemodel,wealsoconductedvariousrobustnesstests.Thisincludeschangingmodelsettings,adjustingsampleranges,andusingdifferentestimationmethods.Thesetestresultsshowthatregardlessofthemethodused,thepositiveimpactofpublicenvironmentalconcernandcentralenvironmentalsupervisiononlocalenvironmentalexpenditureremainssignificant.我们根据实证分析结果进行了讨论和解释。我们认为，公众环境关心是推动地方环保工作的重要力量，而中央环保督察政策的实施则起到了关键的引导和监督作用。因此，地方政府在制定环保政策时应充分考虑公众的意见和需求，同时加强与中央政府的沟通和协作，共同推动环保事业的发展。Wehavediscussedandexplainedbasedonempiricalanalysisresults.Webelievethatpublicenvironmentalconcernisanimportantforceinpromotinglocalenvironmentalprotectionwork,andtheimplementationofcentralenvironmentalinspectionpoliciesplaysacrucialguidingandsupervisoryrole.Therefore,localgovernmentsshouldfullyconsidertheopinionsandneedsofthepublicwhenformulatingenvironmentalprotectionpolicies,andstrengthencommunicationandcooperationwiththecentralgovernmenttojointlypromotethedevelopmentofenvironmentalprotection.通过空间双重差分模型的实证分析，我们得出了公众环境关心、中央环保督察与地方环保支出之间存在显著正相关关系的结论。这一结论为地方政府制定环保政策提供了有益的参考和依据。Throughempiricalanalysisusingthespatialdoubledifferencemodel,wehaveconcludedthatthereisasignificantpositivecorrelationbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcern,centralenvironmentalsupervision,andlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Thisconclusionprovidesusefulreferenceandbasisforlocalgovernmentstoformulateenvironmentalprotectionpolicies.六、结论与建议Conclusionandrecommendations本研究通过构建空间双重差分模型，实证分析了公众环境关心、中央环保督察对地方环保支出的影响。研究发现，公众环境关心度的提升能够显著促进地方环保支出的增加，表明公众环保意识的提高对于推动地方环保工作具有积极作用。中央环保督察的实施也显著促进了地方环保支出的增加，体现了政府环保政策的有效性和对地方环保工作的重要影响。Thisstudyempiricallyanalyzedtheimpactofpublicenvironmentalconcernandcentralenvironmentalsupervisiononlocalenvironmentalexpenditurebyconstructingaspatialdoubledifferencemodel.Researchhasfoundthatanincreaseinpublicenvironmentalconcerncansignificantlypromoteanincreaseinlocalenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures,indicatingthatanincreaseinpublicenvironmentalawarenesshasapositiveeffectonpromotinglocalenvironmentalprotectionwork.Theimplementationofcentralenvironmentalinspectionshasalsosignificantlypromotedtheincreaseoflocalenvironmentalprotectionexpenditures,reflectingtheeffectivenessofgovernmentenvironmentalpoliciesandtheirimportantimpactonlocalenvironmentalprotectionwork.进一步的空间效应分析显示，公众环境关心和中央环保督察对地方环保支出的影响存在空间溢出效应，即本地区的环保行动不仅能够改善本地区的环境质量，还能对周边地区的环保工作产生积极影响。这一发现强调了环境保护工作的区域联动性和整体性，为制定更加全面、协调的环保政策提供了依据。Furtherspatialeffectanalysisshowsthatthereisaspatialspillovereffectbetweenpublicenvironmentalconcernsandcentralenvironmentalinspectionsonlocalenvironmentalexpenditure.Thatis,environmentalactionsinthisregioncannotonlyimprovetheenvironmentalqualityoftheregion,butalsohaveapositiveimpactonenvironmentalworkinsurroundingareas.Thisdiscoveryemphasizestheregionallinkageandoverallnatureofenvironmentalprotectionwork,providingabasisforformulatingmorecomprehensiveandcoordinatedenvironmentalpolicies.第一，继续加强公众环保教育，提高公众的环保意识和参与度。政府和社会组织应通过各种渠道和方式，普及环保知识，增强公众的环保责任感和使命感，推动形成全民参与、共建共享的环保氛围。Firstly,continuetostrengthenpublicenvironmentaleducation,enhancepublicawarenessandparticipationinenvironmentalprotection.Thegovernmentandsocialorganizationsshouldpopularizeenvironmentalprotectionknowledgethroughvariouschannelsandmethods,enhancethepublic'ssenseofenvironmentalresponsibilityandmission,andpromotetheformationofapublicparticipation,coconstructionandsharingenvironmentalatmosphere.第二，加大对地方环保工作的支持力度，确保环保政策的落地实施。中央政府在制定环保政策时，应充分考虑地方实际情况和需求，为地方环保工作提供必要的资金、技术和政策支持。同时，地方政府也应切实承担起环保主体责任，确保各项环保政策的有效执行。Secondly,increasesupportforlocalenvironmentalprotectionworktoensuretheimplementationofenvironmentalprotectionpolicies.Whenformulatingenvironmentalprotectionpolicies,thecentralgovernmentshouldfullyconsiderthelocalactualsituationandneeds,andprovidenecessaryfunding,technology,andpolicysupportforlocalenvironmentalprotectionwork.Atthesametime,localgovernmentsshouldalsotakeonthemainresponsibilityofenvironmentalprotectionandensuretheeffectiveimplementationofvariousenvironmentalpolicies.第三，加强区域环保合作，形成环保工作的联动机制。各地区应打破行政壁垒，加强在环保领域的合作与交流，共同应对环境污染和生态破坏问题。通过区域环保合作，可以实现资源共享、优势互补，提高环保工作的整体效能。Thirdly,strengthenregionalenvironmentalprotectioncooperationandestablishalinkagemechanismforenvironmentalprotectionwork.Eachregionshouldbreakdownadministrativebarriers,strengthencooperationandexchangesinthefieldofenvironmentalprotection,andjointlyaddressenvironmentalpollutionandecologicaldamageissues.Throughregionalenvironmentalcooperation,resourcesharing,complementaryadvantagescanbeachieved,andtheoverallefficiencyofenvironmentalprotectionworkcanbeimproved.第四，完善环保监管体系，强化对环境违法行为的惩治力度。政府应建立健全环保监管机制，加强对企业、项目等环保行为的监督和管理，及时发现和纠正环境违法行为。加大对环境违法行为的惩治力度，提高违法成本，形成对环境违法行为的有效震慑。Fourthly,improvetheenvironmentalsupervisionsystemandstrengthenthepunishmentforenvironmentalviolations.Thegovernmentshouldestablishandimproveenvironmentalsupervisionmechanisms,strengthensupervisionandmanagementofenvironmentalbehaviorsofenterprises,projects,etc.,andpromptlydetectandcorrectenvironmentalviolations.Intensifythepunishmentofenvironmentalviolations,increasethecostofviolations,andformaneffectivedeterrentagainstenvironmentalviolations.通过加强公众环保教育、加大政府支持力度、加强区域环保合作和完善环保监管体系等多方面的措施，可以有效推动地方环保工作的深入开展，实现经济发展与环境保护的良性循环。Bystrengtheningpublicenvironmentaleducation,increasinggovernmentsupport,strengtheningregionalenvironmentalcooperation,andimprovingtheenvironmentalsupervisionsystem,variousmeasurescaneffectivelypromotethedeepeningoflocalenvironmentalprotectionwork,andachieveavirtuouscycleofeconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.八、附录Appendix本研究的数据主要来源于国家统计局的官方发布、中央环保督察的公开报告、以及地方政府的环境保护支出公告。为了确保数据的准确性和可靠性，我们对所有原始数据进行了严格的清洗和校验。对于缺失或异常的数据，我们采用了插值法、线性回归等多种方法进行补充和修正。我们还对所有数据进行了标准化处理，以消除因量纲不同而产生的误差。ThedataforthisstudymainlycomesfromofficialreleasesfromtheNationalBureauofStatistics,publicreportsfromcentralenvironmentalinspectors,andenvironmentalprotectionexpenditureannouncementsfromlocalgovernments.Inordertoensuretheaccuracyandreliabilityofthedata,wehaveconductedstrictcleaningandverificationonallrawdata.Wehaveusedvariousmethodssuchasinterpolationandlinearregressiontosupplementandcorrectmissingorabnormaldata.Wealsostandardizedalldatatoeliminateerrorscausedbydifferentdimensions.空间双重差分模型是一种复杂的计量经济学模型，其设定和检验需要严格遵循统计学原理。在本研究中，我们根据理论框架和研究假设，设定了相应的模型，并对其进行了严格的检验。具体来说，我们采用了Hausman检验来确定固定效应和随机效应的选择，通过LM检验和RobustLM检验来判断空间滞后项和空间误差项的存在性，以及通过Wald检验和LR检验来验证模型的稳健性。Thespatialdoubledifferencemodelisacomplexeconometricmodel,anditssettingandtestingneedtostrictlyfollowstatisticalprinciples.Inthisstudy,weestablishedacorrespondingmodelbasedonthetheoreticalframeworkandresearchhypotheses,andrigorouslytestedit.Specifically,weusedHausman'stesttodeterminetheselectionoffixedandrandomeffects,LMtestandRobustLMtesttodeterminetheexistenceofspatiallagandspatialerrorterms,andWaldtestandLRtesttoverifytherobustnessofthemodel.为了确保研究结果的稳健性，我们进行了多种稳健性检验。我们改变了模型的设定方式，将空间双重差分模型替换为传统的双重差分模型，以检验模型设定的合理性。我们采用了不同的变量代理方式，以检验变量选择的稳健性。我们还进行了子样本分析，以检验研究结果在不同地区、不同时间段的适用性。Toensuretherobustnessoftheresearchresults,weconductedvar