2024年高考英语押题卷01（全国通用）（原卷版）

2024年高考英语押题卷01（全国通用）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.£9.15.答案是C。1．（2024·陕西汉中·统考一模）Whatistoblameaccordingtotheman?A．Uncomfortableseats. B．Thetrafficnoise. C．MissLee’sweakvoice.2．（2024·河南新乡·统考一模）Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A．Havearest. B．Dancewiththeman. C．Practicedancingforanotherhour.3．（2024·四川乐山·统考一模）Whatistheoccupationofthewoman?A．Areceptionist. B．Asaleswoman. C．Awaitress.4．（2024·四川乐山·统考一模）Whenwastheshowduetostart?A．At8:00pm. B．At9:00pm. C．At11:00pm.5．（2024·四川乐山·统考一模）HowwillthewomanprobablygotoNewYork?A．Bycar. B．Bytrain. C．Bybus.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。（2024·四川乐山·统考一模）6．Whydoesthemanfeeldiscouraged?A．Becausehehasputonsomeweight.B．Becausehedidn’tmakeittotheteam.C．Becausehecouldn’tresistthedishesandsnacks.7．Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?A．Joinafitnessprogramme.B．Keephimselfhealthy.C．Stopeatingdishesandsnacks.听第7段对话，回答第8、9题。（2024·四川泸州·校考一模）8．Whatwillthewomandointheclub?A．Cookalunch. B．Dothewashing-up. C．Workasadriver.9．WhenwillMrs.Claragotothehospital?A．NextTuesday. B．NextWednesday. C．NextFriday.听第8段对话，回答第10至12题。（2024·河南新乡·统考一模）10．Whoisthewomanprobably?A．Abankmanager. B．Arestaurantowner. C．Alandagent.11．Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A．Tosave$40,000. B．Toanswerquestions. C．Toborrowsomemoney.12．Wheredoesthemanintendtosetuphisbusiness?A．InLincolnRoad. B．Nexttothebank. C．Inhisgrandmother’shouse.13．Whatdoesthewomanthinkisamustforthemantosetuphisbusiness?A．Thelocation. B．Hisfutureplans. C．Enoughcustomers.听第9段对话，回答第13至16题。（2023·江西宜春·校联考二模）14．WhatshouldthewomanhandinnextMonday?A．Afilmreview. B．Apassage. C．Asummary.15．Howmanywordsdoesthewomanneedtowritefortheassignment?A．About150. B．About120. C．About100.16．Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A．Rememberthenewwords.B．Recitethetexttotheclass.C．Copytheidiomsthreetimes.听第10段对话，回答第17至20题。（2023·江西抚州·金溪一中校联考一模）17．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Oldflatmates. B．Schoolmates. C．Newclassmates.18．WhydidthewomanchooseWestVillageUniversity?A．Itwasfairlyclosetoherhouse.B．Itprovidedherwithascholarship.C．Itwasrecommendedbyherparents.19．Whatdidtheman’sbrothermajorinatcollege?A．Psychology. B．Engineering. C．Business.20．Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?A．Eatout. B．Meetprofessors. C．Sharelivingfees.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A（2023·江西赣州·统考二模）FouroftheTop10FastestBulletTrainsintheWorld2023FUXINGHAOCR400AF/BF-CHINA,249MPHTheworld’sfastestlong-distancestandardtrainistheFuxingHaoCR400.ItrunsbetweenShanghaiandBeijinginjustfivehours,withacapacityofover550passengers.Knownas“DolphinBlue”and“GoldenPhoenix”arethetwoversionsAFandBF,slightlydifferentfromeachother.FuxingHaodebuted(首秀)in2016andlowereditssiblingHarmony380by13mphtosecondplace.EUROSTARE320-THEUNITEDKINGDOM,200MPHIn2015,SiemenslaunchedtheEurostarE320,whoseinteriorsweredesignedbyfamousPininfarinaItalianstylists.Thetrainwilleasilyaccommodate900people,20morethanEurostarE300.Eurostarisremarkablyenvironmentallysustainable,with90percentfeweremissionsperpassengerthanLondon’sflighttoParis.TALGO350-SPAIN,217MPHBuiltbyPatentesTalgo,theSpanishTalgo350runsbetweenMadridandBarcelona.InSpanish,thetrainhasanickname,‘Pato,’meaningduck.Thisisbecauseoftheraisednosecone(圆锥形)similartoaduckbill.Therearemultipleclassesforseats:Club(with14-26seats),First(with26seats)andCoach(with36seats).Eachseatcomeswithlampsforreadingandlaptopandmobilephonechargingpowerpoints.AGVITALO-ITALY,223MPHIthasthedistinctionofbeingthefastesttraininEuropeat223mph.Nicknamed“Ferrariofthetracks,’theplumredtrainsareoperatedbyNuovoTrasportoViaggiatori,acompanyledbyLucaCorderodiMontezemolo,theformerpresidentofFerrari.Thecompartmentsinitare9feettall,makingiteasiertonavigatewithbaggage,andthereareluxuriousleatherseatsalsointhegeneralcompartments.21．Whichofthefollowingisthefastesttrain?A．FuxingHaoCR400. B．EurostarE320.C．Talgo350. D．AgvItalo.22．HowmanypeoplecanEurostarE300hold?A．750. B．880.C．900. D．920.23．WhatdoTalgo350andAgvItalohaveincommon?A．Theirownnickname. B．Strangeshapes.C．Politicalbackgrounds. D．Largeseats.B（2023河南·高三校联考开学考试）WhenhurricanesleftapathofdestructioninPuertoRico,PennsylvaniaCollegeofTechnologystudentNataschaG.Santaellafeltavarietyofpainfulemotions.“IspentaroundsixdaysstressingandhavingaveryhardtimewithmehavingalltheluxuriesIcurrentlydoandmyfamilynothavingany,”theGuaynabo,PuertoRico,residentsaid.Santaellasaidthatherhometowniswithoutpowerandwater,andpeopletherearescaredofwhatistocome.Toreduceherstress,Santaella,whoisstudyingforanassociatedegreeinbakingandpastryarts,immersed(沉浸)herselfinwhatsheknowsbest:baking.“Itstartedoutasjustbakingbreadandshippingittotheislandtothenbedispersedtothepeople,butIfoundthatwasveryexpensiveformetodoalone,soIspokewithChefCharlesNiedermyer,ourinstructorofbakingandpastryartsaboutasaleofbakedgoodsinthecollege’sBushCampusCenter.”“Nataschaisabright,energeticyoungladywithabigheart,”Niedermyersaid.“Iwasnotsurprisedtofindherinmyoffice,lookingforwaystohelpthepeopleofPuertoRico.”Toprepare,SantaellahadmultiplemeetingswithNiedermyer,spenthoursfinalizingrecipes,designedsignage(标志)anddecorations,andgotfriendstostaffthesaletablewithher.Andthentherewasthebaking:Santaellaandtwofriendsinthebakingandpastryartsmajorspentsixhoursbaking90loavesofbread,24dozendinnerrollsand30cheesecakesinavarietyofflavors.Duringthesix-hoursale,Santaellaandherfriendsraisedmorethan$1,000forUnitedforPuertoRico,aninitiativedesignedtoprovideaidandsupporttothoseaffectedinPuertoRicobythepassageofHurricaneIrmaandHurricaneMaria.“Ihopetomainlyincreaseawarenessofwhathashappened,andtoshowpeoplethattherearePuertoRicanstudentsatthisschool,”Santaellasaid.“IhopethatothershadthegreatexperienceIhadwithallmyteachersandhowunderstandingtheywerewithme.”24．WhydidSantaellafeelverystressed?A．Becauseabighurricanewasapproaching.B．Becauseshewasleftwithoutpowerandwater.C．Becauseherfolksweresufferingduetohurricanes.D．Becauseshelostallherbelongingsinthehurricane.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dispersed”probablymeaninParagraph3?A．Exposed. B．Connected. C．Distributed. D．Contributed.26．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．PuertoRicomightbestrickenbyhurricanesfrequently.B．NiedermyerrespondedtoSantaella’sideascoldly.C．Santaellaorganizedthesaleathercollegeallalone.D．PennsylvaniaCollegehasfewstudentsfromPuertoRico.27．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．HurricaneCausesHugeLossestoPuertoRicoB．StudentPutsSkillstoUsetoHelpHerHometownC．CollegeStudentShowsBakingSkillsThroughSalesD．TeacherandStudentsWorkTogetherinFundRaisingC（2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模）Imagineyou’reoutforaneveningstrollinaforeigncity,lookingtofindarestaurantfordinner.Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdinersbecauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice.Butisthistrue?Naturallycopyingotherpeople’sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour”.Itisafrequentoccurrenceamonghumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,acommonexamplebeingsheep.Herdingcanappeartomakealotofsense.Afterall,there’s“safetyinnumbers”.Psychologyresearchsuggeststhatthephenomenonreliesontheexistenceofsocialconnectionsorpatternsbetweenindividualsaswellasspecificmechanismsofpassingoninformation.Akeyprerequisite(前提)isthehumanabilityto“mentalise”,whichmeansbeingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse’smentalstateandusingtheinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.Contrarytotheso-called“wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthejudgementofindividualgroupmembersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehaviortypicallyrelyonso-called“informationcascades(信息瀑布)”,wherepeopletakeonothers’beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcriticallyassessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational(不理性的)orsimplystupidbehaviors.Consequently,herdingcanhavemanyundesirableoutcomes,includingunfavorableinfluencesonconsumerchoices, likeintherestaurantexampleabove.However,itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherdbehaviour.Instead,long-termattitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmorecriticalapproachestowardstheirpeers’opinion,andquestioningothers’behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowingthem.28．Whichofthefollowingcanbecalled“herdbehaviour”?A．Choosingthemostcrowdedrestauranttodinein.B．Askingfriendsforsuggestionswheninconfusion.C．Runningoutimmediatelywhenthefirebellrings.D．Analyzingaproductcarefullybeforebuyingit.29．Animportantconditionforherdbehaviourliesin_______.A．explaininglifepatternsB．understandingsocialconnectionsC．comprehendingothers’mentalstateD．sharinginformationamongindividuals30．Whatleadstotheherdbehaviour?A．Wisdomofcrowds. B．Uncertainoutcomes.C．Lackofrationalanalyses. D．Enoughindividualopinions.31．Howcanpeopleavoidthetheherdbehaviour?A．Neverfollowthetrend. B．Keepaquestioningmind.C．Saynotoanypopularevents. D．Standoppositeagainstthepublic.D（2024·江西景德镇·统考一模）Itturnsoutourplantsarejustlikeusinsomeways.Weturntomedicinestorelieveaminorfluorheadache,andplantstoohavetheirwaysofself-medicating.Theyprotectthemselvesfromenvironmentalhazardslikeinsects,droughtandheatbyproducingsalicylicacid(水杨酸).Itisresponsiblefortheanti-inflammatoryactionofaspirin,adrugwhichhasbeenusedbyhumansforcenturiestocounterpainandinflammation.Researchershavefoundthatplants’salicylicacid,whichisproducedinchloroplasts(叶绿体),isusuallygeneratedinresponsetothestresscausedbyclimatechange.“It’slikeplantsuseapainkillerforachesandpains,justlikewedo,”saidplantbiologistWilhelminavandevenfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,River-side(U.C．R)“We’dliketobeabletousethefindingtoimprovecropresistance(作物抗性),”saidU.C．R.plantgeneticistJin-ZhengWang.“Thatwillbecrucialforthefoodsupplyinourincreasinglyhot,brightworld.”HumanskinproducesROS(Reactiveoxygenspecies)(活性氧)intheabsenceofsunscreen.Thiscausesfrecklesandburns.Similarly,environmentalstressesresultintheformationofROSinplantswhich,athighlevels,cancausedeath.Atlowlevels,however,ROSservesanessentialfunctioninplantcells.“ROSisadouble-edgedsword,”saidWang.“Atnon-lethallevels,ROSarelikeanemergencycalltoaction,enablingtheproductionofprotectivehormones(激素)suchassalicylicacid.”Theacidthenactstoprotecttheplants’chloroplasts,knowntobethesiteofphotosynthesis.“Withclimatechange,thingslikesalicylicacid:

helpingplantsstanduptostresseshavebecomemorecommon.So,beingabletoincreaseplants’abilitytoproduceitrepresentsastepforwardinchallengingtheimpactsofclimatechangeoneverydaylife,”saidKatayoonDehesh,UCRprofessorofmolecularbiochemistry.“Thoseimpactsgobeyondourfood.Plantsbeingintroubleareasignofwhatthefutureholdsforus,”

shecontinued.“Plantscleanourairbyremovingthecarbondioxidefromitwhilealsoofferingusshade,andprovidinghabitatsfornumerousanimals.Forhumankind,

thebenefitsofboostingplants’abilitytosurvivearebecomingincreasinglyessential.”32．Whatisthemainfunctionofsalicylicacidinplants?A．Tosecureplants. B．Toproducechloroplasts.C．Torelievepainandinflammation. D．Togeneratehormones.33．WhatisthemaincauseofROSformationinplants?A．Lackofsunscreen. B．Chloroplasticacid.C．Environmentalstresses. D．UseofPhotosynthesis.34．WhatisthemaingoaloftheresearchersatUCR?A．Toexplorethehistoryandsignificanceofaspirininhumanmedicine.B．Toinventadevicethatcanmakeplantsdoself-medicating.C．Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenplantsandhumansinself-medicating.D．Toimprovecropresistancebyincreasingplants’abilitytoproducesalicylicacid.35．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Plantscanbeimprovedtoresistenvironmentalhazards.B．Plantsproducetheirownaspirintocopewithstress.C．Plantsandhumanssharesomecommonfeaturesandneeds.D．Plantscontributetothewell-beingofhumansandanimals.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2023河北承德·高三）NewrulesandbehaviorstandardsformiddleschoolstudentscameoutinMarch．2017．Middleschoolsaregoingtouseanewwaytodecidewhothetopstudentsare，36Thefollowingaresomeofthenewrules．Tellthetruth．Haveyouevercopiedsomeoneelse'sworkinanexam？37That'snothonest．Ifyouhaveplayedcomputergamesfortwohoursinyourroom，don'ttellyourparentsthatyouhavedonehomework．Domoreatschool．Goodstudentsloveanimalsandcareforotherpeople．AprilisBird-LovingMonthinourcountry．Isyourschooldoinganythingtocelebrateit？Youshouldjoin!38Haveyoueverquarreledwithyourteammateswhenyourbasketballteamlost？Onlyworkingtogethercanmakeyourteamstronger．Befriendlytothepeopleyouarewith．Trytothinkofothers，notonlyyourself．Beopentonewideas．Haveyoueverthoughtthatpeoplecouldliveonthemoon？Perhapsyou'lldiscoverEarthIIsomeday．Don'tlookdownatanyone．39Youshouldwelcomethem，becausenewideasmakelifebetterforeveryone．Protectyourself．Hassomeoneevertakenmoneyfromoneofyourclassmates？Don'tletithappentoyou．Ifyouhavetogohomelate，youshouldletyourparentsknow．UsetheInternetcarefully．TheInternetcanbeveryusefulforyourstudies．ButsomethingsontheInternetaren'tforkids，sotrytolookatWebPagesthataregoodforyou．40A．Don'tdoitagain!B．Everyone'sideasareimportant．C．Studentsmustonlyworkandplayalone．D．Youcanusethewebforfunorhomework．E．Thebeststudentswon'tonlyhavehighmarks．F．Studentsshouldnotdisagreewiththeteachers．G．Inthatway，youcanlearnmoreaboutanimalsandhowtoprotectthem．第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2023·河南·襄城高中校联考三模）Myphonerang.Itwasmyadvisercallingtotellmeapreprint(预印本)hadjustbeenpostedthatidentifiedwrongdataina41we’dpublished.Myheartsankashesaidthearticlewouldberetracted(撤回).Wecouldn’t42long—theplanesoontookoff.Ispentthe16-hourflightprocessingamixof43—disbelief,embarrassment,frustration—and44whatthiswouldmeanformycareer.Aftertheplanelanded,IfoundIreceivedafloodofmessages.Somewerefromsupportivecoworkers,butmany45ofourwork.Ifeltembarrassedbythecriticism.Bythatpoint,Ihad46aposition.Coworkersencouragedmetoignore47thatseemedtobedirectedatme48.Butitwashard.Istruggledwithself-esteem,startedto49meetingsanddeletedmyTwitteraccounttoprotectmy50health.Whenitbecameclearthataretractionwas51,Iofferedmyresignationtomydepartmenthead.Hedidn’t52it,sayingaresignationwasn’tneeded,consideringthe53inthearticlewerehonestmistakes.Idecidedto54,inhopesthatIcouldeventuallyrecovermy55bypublishingsoundscienceanddemonstratingI’dlearnedfrommymistakes.Butthathasturnedouttobea56path:I’vehadtroublegettingmyarticles57andhadproblemssecuringfundingfornewprojects.Despite(尽管)these58,Idon’tregretourdecisionto59mypaper.Itmayhavebeenembarrassing,butitwasthe60thingtodo.Andtheexperiencehelpedmegrowasascientist.41．A．poem B．magazine C．novel D．paper42．A．tolerate B．work C．talk D．stay43．A．doubts B．feelings C．choices D．faults44．A．wondering B．explaining C．introducing D．revising45．A．thought B．tired C．dreamed D．disapproved46．A．secured B．reserved C．missed D．refused47．A．warnings B．risks C．comments D．suggestions48．A．similarly B．personally C．suddenly D．respectively49．A．delay B．attend C．chair D．escape50．A．mental B．visual C．physical D．behavioral51．A．impossible B．worthwhile C．typical D．unavoidable52．A．prohibit B．accept C．admit D．ignore53．A．opinions B．headings C．errors D．highlights54．A．carryon B．pullover C．settlein D．breakaway55．A．health B．fortune C．reputation D．power56．A．fruitless B．tough C．controversial D．crowded57．A．adapted B．finished C．published D．polished58．A．challenges B．mistakes C．predictions D．disagreements59．A．advocate B．withdraw C．share D．release60．A．specific B．simple C．only D．right第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2023·江西·江西师大附中校考三模）Chinesejumprope,alsoknownastiaopijin,isachildren’sgame.Onereasonforits61(popular)isthefactthatalthoughthemovescanbequite62(challenge),thegameitselfisverysimple.There’snoneedforplayers63(buy)expensiveequipmentsincewhattheyneedisonlyarope.Thegame64(begin)in7th-centuryChina.Inthe1960s,childrenintheWestadoptedthegame.Thegameis65(typical)playedinagroupofatleast3playerswitharopeabout16feet66lengthtiedintoacircle.Twoplayersfaceeachother67(stand)9feet