2023译林版新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习-Unit 3　Back to the past

Unit3Backtothepast

单元达标检测

（满分:120分;时间:100分钟）

第一部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

TheFriendsofCharlesDickens

Dickenswasbornin1812.Hisfather,aclerkinthenavypayoffice,wasthrownintodebtors'

prison.Themiserabletreatmentofchildrenandtheinstitutionofthedebtors9jailbecametopicsof

severalofDickens,snovels.

WilkieCollins（1824—1889）

WilkieCollinswasthesonofthepainterWilliamCollins.HewasbominLondonandlivedin

ItalyandFranceasachild.AlthoughtwelveyearsyoungerthanDickens,Wilkiebecameoneof

Dickens,sbestfriends.Hewasapopularnovelistwhodevelopedthemysteιynovelstyle.The

Moonstoneisoneofhisbest.HeandDickenswroteNoThoroughfare.

JohnElliotson（1791—1868）

ElliotsonwasDickens,sfamilydoctorformanyyearsandthustheybecamegoodfriends.

ElliotsonwasanearlyadvocatefortheuseoftheStethOSCoPe（听诊器）.Healsobelievedintheuseof

acupuncture（针灸）.

EdgarAllanPoe（1809—1849）

PoewasanAmericanauthorbestknownforhispoemsandshortfiction.TheFalloftheHouse

ofUsherandTheMurdersintheRueMorguearetwoofhismostpopularworks.DickensandPoe,s

friendshipbeganinPhiladelphiawhileDickenswasonhisfirsttouroftheUnitedStates.Theytalked

aboutliteratureandseemedtoenjoyoneanother9scompany.However,twoyearslaterPoebrokeoff

therelationshipbecausehewasangryaboutanarticleonAmericanpoetry.Thearticlewaswritten

byThackeray,butPoebelievedthatDickenswasbehindthearticle.

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray（1811—1863）

WilliamMakepeaceThackeraywasanovelist.Hisbest-knownworkisVanityFair.Hewas

alsoafriendofCharlesDickens.WhileDickensandThackeraywerefriends,therelationshipwasn,t

alwayssmooth.Theyhadseveralseriousquarrels.OnequarrelinvolvedDickenssidingwith

EdmundYatesafterYatesinsultedThackeray.

!.WhohadtakencareofDickens,shealthforyears?

A.Poe.B.Elliotson.

C.Collins.D.Thackeray.

2.WhatbrokeDickensandPoe,sfriendship?

A.Atrafficaccident.

B.ApoemwrittenbyDickens.

C.AnarticlewrittenbyThackeray.

D.Theirideasaboutrunningcompanies.

3.WhatisThackeray9Smostfamousnovel?

A.VanityFair.

B.TheMoonstone.

C.TheFalloftheHouseofUsher.

D.TheMurdersintheRueMorgue.

B

Aclevertechnologisttooksteamboatinventionsandturnedthemintothefirstcommercial

steamboatservice.

AlthoughRobertFultondidnotinventthesteamboat,asiscommonlybelieved,heplayedan

importantroleinmakingsteamboattravelareality.HewasborninPennsylvaniain1765.Asa

youngman,hesetouttomakehisnameasaportraitpainter.HiscareertookhimtoEuropeandinto

theorbitofpeoplewiththepowertosupporthimpoliticallyandfinancially.

FultonenteredLondonsocietyafterhepaintedBenjaminFranklin,sportrait.Whileabroad,

Fultonlefttheartworldforacareerinshipbuilding.Hewasinterestedintherecently-inventedsteam

engine,andthoughtitcouldbeusedtopowerships.Fulton,svisionwasnotoriginal;manyothers

hadenteredthefield,andtheunfortunateinventorJohnFitchhadbuiltaworkingsteamshipalready.

ButlikeHenryFord,Fulton,stalentlaynotintheinventionbutintheproduct,sapplicationinthe

marketplace.

Fultondidn,tfocusentirelyonthesteamboat.In1804,hetestedthefirstsubmarinesuccessfully,

whichhehadbuiltfortheBritishRoyalNavy.Hisinventionwouldmakehimacelebrityuponhis

returntotheUnitedStatestwoyearslater.Fulton,spartnerRobertLivingstonobtainedanexclusive

licenseforsteamboatservicesonNewYork,sHudsonRiver.ItwastimeforFultontodeliver.

Tobuildanefficient,reliablesteamboat,FultonusedaspecialEnglishsteamengine.Theship,s

bottomwasflatanditsstemwassquare.ThesteamboatClermontmadeitsdebut（首次亮/目）on

August17,1807,steamingontheriverfromNewYorktoAlbany,anditsoonenteredcommercial

services.ThehillyterrainofNewYorkmadewatertransportfasterthanlandtransport,andFulton,s

boat—formerlyknownasthe“NorthRiverSteamboaf,—wasahit.Withinfiveyears,Fultonwould

berunningservicesonsixmajorriversplustheChesapeakeBay,andbringingreatprofits.

4.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.HenryFordwasasunfortunateasJohnFitch.

B.HenryFordwastalentedinproductapplication.

C.Fultonlefttheartworldashecouldn,tsupporthimself.

D.Fultonwasthefirsttocreateaworkingsteamship.

5.WhendidFultonbecomeacelebrityintheUnitedStates?

A.In1765.B.In1804.

C.In1807.D.In1806.

6.WhatismentionedaboutClermont?

A.Itoperatedforfiveyears.

BithadanAmericansteamengine.

C.ItearnedFultonmuchmoney.

D.Itwasnotacceptedbypeopleatfirst.

7.What,sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.RobertFultonandHisSteamboat

B.RobertFulton:AGreatInventor

C-SteamboatsChangingWaterTransport

D.TheHistoryofCommercialSteamboats

C

Everysooften,aChinesefashionsymbolunknowinglyturnedthefashionlandscapeupside

down.Thistime,weunearthedtheimperialtombofChina,sEmpressDowagerCiXi（慈禧）（1835—

1908）andfoundhergreatpassionforluxuriousnails.

AncientChinesenoblesstartedgrowinglongnailsduringtheWarringStatesPeriodtoshow

thattheyweren,tmanuallaborers,butitwasn,tuntiltheMingDynastythatlongnailsandnail

guardsbecameanimportantsymbolofmaterialprosperity.Andthetrendreacheditspeakinthe

QingDynasty,withCixiasitsposterwoman.Cixinurturedroughly-20-cm-longnailsonherring

andpinkyfingersandtookcareofthemingem-laden（镶满宝石的）,colorfulnailguards.Duringthe

day,Cixiusuallyworenailguardsmadeofgoldorsilver.Accordingtothememoirsofhermaid,

beforebed,shewouldputthemintonailpocketsmadeofbrightyellowSatirI（缎子），probablyina

motherlymannersimilartoputtinghernailbabiesintotheirsleepingbags.

TheoriginsofnailguardsbeganintheHanDynastymorethanIOOOyearspriortotheir

mainstreamglory.Atthattime,theyweren,tparticularlydecorative.Itwasn,tuntiltheQingDynasty

thattheybecameasexpensiveanddelicateaspeopletodayknowthemtohavebeen.Common

designpatternsincludedplants,flowers,andcalligraphyart.Cixi,ontheotherhand,hadunique

rightstodragonandPhOenix(凤凰)carvingsonhernailguards.Needlesstosay,shedidn,tSkimPOn

exercisingtheserights.

Longnailsmaynolongerbefrontandcenteronthefashionstagetoday.Yettheperioddrama

serieslikeEmpressesinthePalace(2011),RuyifsRoyalLoveinthePalace(2018),andStoryof

YanxiPalace(2018)broughtthepopularityoftheMorandicolorPalette(莫兰迪色系)inChina,s

nailartcircle.InspiredbyItalianpainterGiorgioMorandi,themanicure(美甲)industrytodayalso

adoptsamoresoftenedcolorschemethatgivesafeelingofbalanceandelegance.

8.Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?

A.ThelegendofChina,sEmpressDowagerCixi.

B.Thehistoryoflongnailguards.

C.Longnailsplayanimportantroleinperioddramaseries.

D.Womeninancienttimesshouldwearlongnailguards.

9.WhatcanWelearnfromthetext?

A.Cixitookoffnailguardswhenshewenttobed.

B.Cixicanonlywearnailguardswithdragonandphoenixcarvings.

C.NailguardscanshowthestatusontheroyalladderintheHanDynasty.

D.TheMingandQingDynastieshadlowerdegreeofacceptanceoflongnails.

10.Theunderlinedwords“skimpOrrinthethirdparagraphprobablymean"”.

A.delayB.subscribeto

C.practiceD上emeanwith

11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thereisstillamarketfornailarttoday.

B.Morandiisagreatmasterinperioddrama.

C.Theperioddramaseriesareverypopulartoday.

D.Fashionnailartwillpermanentlybeonthefashionstage.

D

Accordingtoarchaeologicalevidence,atleast5,000yearsago,longbeforetheriseofthe

RomanEmpire,theBabyloniansbegantomeasuretime,introducingcalendarsmainlytoregulate

plantingandharvesting.Theybasedtheircalendarsonthecyclesofthesunandthemoon.Before

theinventionofartificiallight,themoonhadagreatersocialimpact.Forthoselivingnearthe

equatorinparticular,itschangesweremorenoticeablethanthepassingoftheseasons.Sothe

calendarsthatweredevelopedatlowerlatitudeswereinfluencedmorebythelunarcyclethanbythe

solarcycle.Inmorenorthernareas,however,whereseasonalagriculturewaspracticed,thesolar

cyclebecamemorevital.

CenturiesbeforetheRomanEmpire,theEgyptianshaddevelopedacalendarhavingtwelve

monthsofthirtydays,withfivedaysaddedtoapproximatetothesolaryear.Theydividedtheday

intotwelvetemporalorseasonalhours.Atemporalhourwasonetwelfthofthetimefromsunriseto

sunset.Similarly,theydividedthenightintotwelvehoursfromsunsettosunrise.Theseperiods

becameknownastemporalhoursbecausetheirdurationvariedaccordingtothechanginglengthof

daysandnightswiththepassingoftheseasons.Inthedaytime,summerhourswerelong,andwinter

onesshort.Temporalhours,whichwerefirstadoptedbytheGreeksandthentheRomans,who

spreadthemthroughEurope,remainedinuseformorethan2,500years.

Inordertotracktemporalhoursduringtheday,inventorscreatedsundials（日号）.Tokeeptime

duringthenight,inventorsdesignedanothertimekeepinginstrumentcalledthewaterclock.Oneof

thefirstwaterclockswasabasinwithasmallholenearthebottomthroughwhichthewaterfelldrop

bydrop.Thefallingwaterlevelshowedthepassinghourasitdippedbelowhourlinescutonthe

innersurface.AlthoughtheseinstrumentsperformedsatisfactorilyaroundtheMediterranean,they

couldnotalwaysbedependedoninthecloudyandoftenfreezingweatherofnorthernEurope.Asa

result,generationsofinventorsputtheireffortintodesigningall-weather,moreaccuratetimekeeping

instruments.

12.Thecycleofthesunhadmoreinfluenceontheancientcalendarsdeveloped.

A.neartheequator

B.athigherlatitudes

C.inmoresouthernareas

D.inmoredevelopedcountries

13.Whichofthefollowingweretheinventorsoftemporalhours?

A.TheGreeks.B.TheRomans.

C.TheEgyptians.D.TheBabylonians.

14.Whatwasoneofthedisadvantagesofthewaterclock?

A.Itwasveryexpensive.

B.Itwastedtoomuchwater.

C.Itcouldn,tshowthecorrecttime.

D.Itdidn,tworkproperlyinicyweather.

15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thepassingoftheseasons.

B.Theinventionofartificiallight.

C.Theearlyhistoryoftimekeeping.

D.ThecalendarsusedinRomantimes.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

选项。

TheStoryofMusic

Howdidmusicbegin?Didourearlyancestorsfirststartbybeatingthingstogethertocreate

rhythm,orusingtheirvoicestosing?Whattypesofinstrumentsdidtheyuse?16Theanswers

showthatthehistoryofmusicis,inmanyways,thehistoryofhumans.

So,whatismusic?

Thisisdifficulttoanswer,aseveryonehastheirownidea.t4Soundthatconveysemotion"is

whatJeremyMontaguoftheUniversityofOxforddescribesinhisarticle.

17

Ifwetakesinging,thencontrollingPitCh（音高）isimportant.Scientistshavestudiedtheskulls

andjawsofearlyapes,toseeiftheywereabletomakeasoundandcontrolpitch.Anotherimportant

componentofmusicisrhythm.Ourearlyancestorsmayhavecreatedrhythmicmusicbyclapping

theirhands.18

Manyoftheseinstrumentsarelikelytohavebeenmadeofsoftmaterialslikewood,andso

haven,tsurvived.Whathavesurvivedarebonepipes.So,musicisold,andmayhavebeenwithus

fromwhenhumansfirstevolved.

Butwhydiditariseandwhyhasitbeenexisting?

Therearemanypossiblefunctionsofmusic.Oneisdancing.Anotherobviousreasonformusic

isentertainment.19

However,themajorreasonwhymusicarisesandexistsmaybethatitbringspeopletogether.

20Heconcludes:"Ithasevenbeensuggestedthatmusic,inproducingsuchbonding,creatednot

onlythefamilybutsocietyitself,bringingindividualstogetherwhomightotherwisehavelived

alone.^^

A.Whendidourancestorsbeginmakingmusic?

B.Musiccanexpresscertainemotionthatyoucanfeel.

C.Thismaybelinkedtotheearliestmusicalinstruments.

D.0urancestorscreatedmusicbybeatingstonesorsticksbyaccident.

E.Hasmusicalwaysbeenimportantinhumansociety,andifso,why?

F.Musiccanalsobeusedforcommunication,oftenoverlargedistances.

G.ςςMusicleadstobonding,suchasbondingbetweenamotherandherchildorbondingbetween

groups,,,explainsMontagu.

16.17.18.19.20.

第二部分语言运用（共两节,满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Thefourth-grader,SarahHaycox,madeithermissiontorightawrong.Andindoingso,she

hasshowntheworldwhatone21person,withpassion,cando.

Oneday,when22byanathleticfieldnearherschool,Sarahnoticedasmall23with

thenameEdwinT.Prattandtheyears1930—1969onit.She24whohewasandwhathedid.

Aftersome25,shelearnedthathewasacivilrightsleaderwhohaddonemanygood

thingsto26others.Sadly,hewas27justbecausesomeonedisagreedwithwhathewas

doing.

Feelingthatthesmallmemorialwas28bigenoughforamanwhohadsomuch29on

others,Sarah30todosomething!

Therewasanew31goingupnearbyforyoungkids.Shefoundoutwhowere32the

buildingprojectandaskedthemifitcouldbenamedafterMr.Pratt.Throughgreatefforts,hervision

becameareality!Almost50yearsafterhisdeath,EdwinT.Prattwillbecelebratedasthenameof

thenewschool.

MostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas.But

Sarahhadthe33tolearnmore,thevisionofimaginingsomethingbetterandthecourageto

34heridea.Heramazingactionshave35manyotheryoungpeoplearoundtheworld.

21.A.honestB.youngC.cleverD.shy

22.A.walkingB.runningC.ridingD.driving

23.A.museumB.churchC.boardD.memorial

24.A.forgotB.realizedC.wonderedD.explained

25.A.discussionB.researchC.practiceD.thought

26.A.teachB.rescueC.helpD.repay

27.A.killedB.punishedC.blamedD.arrested

28.A.rarelyB.simplyC.merelyD.hardly

29.A.impactBjmpression

C.reflectionD.dependence

30.A.stoppedB.decidedC.happenedD.announced

31.A.libraryB.theatreC.schoolD.hospital

32.A.inneedofB.insearchof

C.infavourofD.inchargeof

33.A.curiosityB.confidenceC.chanceD.energy

34.A.proveB.changeC.presentD.pursue

35.A.astonishedB.inspired

C.attractedD.protected

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Theabacus(算盘)wasagreatinventioninancientChina.Theabacus36(invent)onthe

basisofsmallsticks.Later,withthe37(develop)ofproductivity,theamountofcalculationwas

38(great).Andcalculationwithcountingstickslimitedthecalculation.Thus,peopleinventeda

more39(advance)counter-theabacus.

Withtheapplicationoftheabacus,peoplesummarizedmanyabacusrhymes(珠算口诀)，40

(increase)thecalculatingspeed.BythetimeoftheMingDynasty,peoplecouldusetheabacusin

addition,subtraction,multiplicationanddivision,41werewidelyusedforcalculatingthe

weight,amount,spaceandvolume.

Sinceitwaseasytomakeorbuy42abacus,anditwasalsoeasytorememberabacus

rhymes,theabacuswaswidelyusedinancientChina.Later,theabacuswas43(gradual)spread

intoJapan,KoreaandsomecountriesandregionsinSouth-EastAsia.

Peoplefindthatusingabacusescanimprovethinkingandpracticalabilitiesinaddition44

providingconvenientcalculation.Sinceit45(require)cooperationofmind,eyesandthehand,it

isagoodwaytoimprovethecomprehensivereactionability.

36.37.38.39.40.

41.42.43.44.45.

第三部分写作（共两节,满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假如你是李华,准备参加一家英文报社举办的演讲比赛,你需要写一篇演讲稿。你打算写一

篇介绍马可・波罗的文章,内容包括：

人物马可•波罗（MarCoPok））

职业意大利旅行家

事件1.于13世纪沿着古丝绸之路来到中国；

2.在中国居住了17年,参观过很多地方,

惊叹于中国的美丽和强大；

3.把中国的文化和科学发明推向世界其

他地区。

你的评价……

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数;

3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Hello,everyone!

Thankyou.

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

DadandMomhadtogoonafour-daybusinesstrip.TheytaughttheireldersonDanieland

youngerdaughterJanehowtofeedandlookaftertheirdog,Spot,howtotakegoodcareof

themselves一learningtocookiftheycould,ororderingpizza（withmoneyleftonthetable）ifthey

werebusy,andtoldthemtokeeptheirroomscleanandtidy.TheyaskedDanieltobeincharge.

Ontheverymorningwhentheparentsleft,MomkissedthemandsaidtoDanielgently,uYoung

man,dotakecareofSpotandJane."Danielpromised,tςIwill,Mom.^^

Tooexcitedtofallasleepagain,DanielandJanejumpedoutofbed,callingouttoeachotherto

getup.Theirpetdog,Spot,heardthesimilarvoiceandrushedin,withaballinitsmouth.Jane

StUCk（伸）herheadintoDanieΓsroom,ζςSpotgotupanhourearlier.Let'swalkit."Danielsaid

excitedly,ςςI,mcoming.But,Jane,don,tforgettokeepyourroomcleanandtidy.^^"I

TheyranwiththedogintheyardandthrewtheballawayforSpottobringitback.Theyhad

funplayingwithSpotthewholemorning.WashingSpotwasslowandtiringasitwasthefirsttime

theyhaddonethat.ThenDanielsettleddowntohishomeworkwhileJanedidherreadingwith

interest.

Thefollowingday,Janebeggedherbrothertoorderpizzaforlunch.Danielagreedexcitedly,

“Wehaven,ttastedthatforlongandwebehaveourselves,right?MAfterawhile,headded,ςςWe

shouldsavemoney,too."Withinhalfanhour,theytreatedthemselvestoabigpizza.However,in

theafternoon,Spotlookedsick,lyinglazilyandunwillingtomove.Danielwasconcernedaboutthe

dogandtookittothepetclinicimmediatelywithJaneastheirparentshaddone.

注意:续写词数应为150左右。

Paragraph1:

WhenDadandMomarrivedadayearlier,theywereamazedtofindeverythinginamess._

Paragraph2:

Danielranintohisroom,withtearsinhiseyes,"Jane,thereisnoneedtoexplainandMom

won,ttrustmeanylonger.",

Unit3Backtothepast

第一部分阅读

第一节

A

◎语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了英国作家查尔斯・狄更斯的四位朋友。

1.B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“EHiotsonwasDickens,sfamilydoctorformanyyearsand

thustheybecamegoodfriends.”可知,Elliotson是Dickens多年的家庭医生,因此可推知他多年照

顾DiCkenS的健康。故选B。

2.C细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句"However,twoyearslaterPoebrokeofftherelationship

becausehewasangryaboutanarticleonAmericanpoetry.ThearticlewaswrittenbyThackeray,but

PoebelievedthatDickenswasbehindthearticle.”可知,两年后,Poe因为对一篇关于美国诗歌的文

章感到愤怒而断绝了这段关系。这篇文章是ThaCkeray写的,但Poe认为这篇文章的背后是

DiCkenS,故ThaCkeray写的一篇文章破坏了Dickens和Poe的友谊。故选Co

3.A细节理解题。根据第五段中的“WilliamMakepeaceThackeraywasanovelist.Hisbest-

knownworkisVanityFair.”可知,WiHiamMakepeaceThackeray最著名的小说是VanityFair。故

选Ao

B

◎语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。美国人罗伯特・富尔顿最初是一位画家,后来致力于研究蒸汽

船的应用。

4.B推理判断题。根据第三段可知,富尔顿是在为本杰明・富兰克林画肖像后进入伦敦社交圈

的。在国外的时候,富尔顿离开了艺术界,转而从事造船业。他对最近发明的蒸汽机感兴趣,认

为它可以用来为船只提供动力。富尔顿的设想并非原创,很多人都进入了这个领域,发明家约

翰•菲奇已经造出了一艘可以工作的蒸汽船。但就像亨利•福特一样,富尔顿的才能不在于发明，

而在于产品在市场上的应用。由此推测,亨利・福特的天赋在于产品的应用。故选B。

5.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In1804,hetestedthefirstsubmarinesuccessfully...His

inventionwouldmakehimacelebrityuponhisreturntotheUnitedStatestwoyearslater.,,∏J

知,1804年富尔顿成功测试了第一艘潜水艇,这使得他在两年后一回到美国就成了名人,故他是

在1806年成了美国的名人的。故选D。

6.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的”...Fulton'sboat—formerlyknownasthe'NorthRiver

Steamboat5——wasahit.Withinfiveyears,Fultonwouldberunningservicesonsixmajorriversplus

theChesapeakeBay,andbringingreatPrOfitS.”可知,富尔顿的船受到了人们的欢迎,带来了很大

的利润。故选C。

7.A主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了罗伯特・富尔顿的经历以及他改良蒸汽船的过程,所以A项

“罗伯特・富尔顿和他的汽船”最适合作本文的标题。故选Ao

C

◎语篇解读本文为一篇说明文,文章通过描述慈禧对护甲的热情,介绍了中国古代的人留长指

甲和戴护甲的历史,以及现代美甲艺术的发展。

8.B主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文通过描述慈禧对护甲的热情,主要介绍了中国古代的人

留长指甲和戴护甲的历史,并在最后介绍了现代美甲艺术的发展。故选B。

9.A推理判断题。根据第二段中的"Duringtheday,Cixiusuallyworenailguardsmadeofgold

orsilver.Accordingtothememoirsofhermaid,beforebed,shewouldputthemintonailPoCketS”可

知,慈禧上床睡觉时会摘下护甲。故选A。

10.D词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句的上一句“Cixi,ontheotherhand,haduniquerightsto

dragonandphoenixcarvingsonhernailguards.“可知,慈禧在护甲上雕刻龙和凤的图翥以显示其

尊贵的地位,由此可推测,画线短语所产句的意思为“不用说,她在行使这些权利时不吝啬“。所

以,skimpon与bemeanwith同义,表示“在...方面吝啬"。故选Do

11.A推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"Yettheperioddramaserieslike...broughtthe

popularityoftheMorandicolorpaletteinChina'snailartCirCIe.”可推测,随着莫兰迪色系的流行,

如今美甲艺术仍然有市场。故选A。

D

◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了古代的计时方法。

12.B细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Sothecalendarsthatweredevelopedatlowerlatitudeswere

influencedmorebythelunarcyclethanbythesolarcycle.Inmorenorthernareas...thesolarcycle

becamemorevital.”可知,月亮的周期对i⅛低纬度地区制定的历法影响更大,而太阳的周期对在高

纬度地区(即更靠北的地区)制定的历法影响更大。故选Bo

13.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“theEgyptians...dividedthedayintotwelvetemporalor

SeaSonalhOUrS”可知,埃及人把白天分成十二个与时间有关的或季节性的小时。故选Co

14.D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"theycouldnotalwaysbedependedoninthecloudyand

oftenfreezingweatherofnorthernEUroPe”并结合常识可知,水钟在冬天结冰时不能正常运转。故

选Do

15.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了古代计时的方法,所以本文是一篇关于人类

早期计时历史的文章。故选C。

第二节

◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。音乐史在许多方面就是人类史,音乐在人类社会中一直都扮

演着重要的角色。为什么会有音乐的存在?音乐又是什么时候产生的呢?本文对此做了简要介

绍。

16.E下一句提到音乐史在许多方面就是人类史。E项提出问题,问到音乐在人类社会中是否

一直都很重要及其重要的原因,恰能引起下文,符合语境。故选E。

17.A根据设空处的位置可知其应为下面段落的小标题。根据设空处下面段落的内容可知,科

学家们已经研究了早期类人猿的头盖骨和颌骨,看它们是否能够发出声音和控制音高。也就是

说,科学家们研究了什么时候开始有音乐的。而选项中只有A项与什么时候开始创作音乐的有

关,所以A项符合语境。故选A。

18.C上一句提到我们的早期祖先可能通过拍手来创作有节奏的音乐。C项点明这可能和最

早的乐器有关联,符合语境;而且,C项中的“instruments”呼应下文中的“theseinstruments"o故选

Co

19.F根据上面的小标题和上文内容可知,本段主要讲的是音乐产生和存在的原因。F项点明

音乐也可以用于交流,通常是远距离的交流。而这正是音乐产生和存在的原因之一,所以F项符

合语境。故选F。

20.G上一句提到音乐产生和存在的主要原因可能是它能使人们聚在一起。G项点明音乐会

促进人与人之间的关系,比如母亲和孩子之间的关系,或者是群体之间的联系。G项中的

“bonding”和上一句中的“bringspeopletogether”表达的含义相近,且下一句中的代词“He”指代的

是G项中的“Montagu”,所以G项符合语境。故选Go

第二部分语言运用

第一节

◎语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了主人公SarahHaycox通过自己的努力,让一个已被人忘

记的民权领袖重新被人纪念的故事。

21.B考查形容词。根据上文提到四年级的学生SarahHayCOX及最后一段最后一句中的“other

youngPeOPIe”可知应是年轻(young)人。故选B。

22.A考查现在分词。根据最后一段第一句"Mostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorial

withoutthinkingaboutwhoMr.Prattwas.”可知,此处指她走(Walking)过运动场。故选Ao

23.D考查名词。根据最后一段第一句"Mostkidssimplyhadwalkedbythememorialwithout

thinkingaboutwhoMr.PrattWaS.”可知,此处应是她注意至IJ一座小纪念碑(memorial)。故选Do

24.C考查动词。根据下文内容可知,她做了一些调查,最后知道了纪念碑上的人的身份。由此

可推测,此处表示她想知道(WOndered)。故选C。

25.B考查名词。根据后面她得知的内容可知,此处指调查(research)。故选B。

26.C考查动词。根据上文可知,EdwinT.Pratt是一位民权领袖,人们给他树立了纪念碑。由此

推测,他一定帮助(help)过很多人。故选C。

27.A考查动词。根据语境可知,有人不同意他的做法,因此他被杀害(killed)了。故选A。

28.D考查副词。根据上文可知,EdwinFPratt是一位民权领袖,为人们做了很多事情。由此推

测,此处指一座小小的纪念碑是不(hardIy)够的。故选D0

29.A考查名词。上文提到作为一位民权领袖,他帮助了很多人,所以Sarah觉得一座小小的纪

念碑是不够的,因为他对别人产生了很大影响(impact)。impression当“影响”讲时为可数名词,根

据空前的much可知应选impacto故选A0

30.B考查动词。由下文可知,Sarah为了纪念这位民权领袖,找了一所新学校来以他的名字命

名。由此推测,此处指Sarah决定(decided)做点什么。故选B。

31.C考查名词。根据倒数第二段最后一句提到的新学校可知,此处指新建的一所儿童学校

(school)o故选C。

32.D考查介词短语。根据下文“askedthemifitcouldbenamedafterMr.Pratt”可知,她弄清楚

了负责(inchargeof)这个建筑项目的人,然后问他们能否以Pratt先生的名字命名这所学校。故

选D。

33.A考查名词。根据上文提到的她想知道他是谁、他做了什么事可知,Sarah有好奇心

(CUriOSity),想要知道更多。故选A。

34.D考查动词。根据上文提到的当Sarah觉得纪念碑太小而不足以纪念这位民权领袖时,她

找到新建学校项目的负责人,成功地说服了他们以Pratt先生的名字来