Unit2单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇七选五5篇)(译林版2020)(选择性)

Unit2Outofthisworld(译林版2020选择性必修第三册)单元话题阅读精练(阅读理解15篇+七选五5篇)I.阅读理解A(2024上·广东东莞·高二校联考阶段练习)Lifeinspacewillcertainlytakesomegettingusedto!Inatypicalworkday,crewmembersinthespacestationwillspend14hoursworkingandexercising,1.5hourspreparingandeatingmeals,and8.5hourssleeping.Herearesomeotherfunfactsaboutlifeaboardthestation:FoodSpacefoodjustkeepsgettingbetter—andmorelikefoodweenjoyhereonEarth.Inearlyspacemissions,astronautscouldeatonlyfreezedriedfood.Butnowthestationisequippedwithmicrowaveovensandrefrigerators,allowingthefolksonboardtoeatmore“normal”typesoffood,includingfruit,vegetablesandicecream!SleepEachcrewmemberhasaprivateroom.Withnogravity,they’llneedtotiethemselvestotheirbeds,ortheywillfloataway!Thatmightsoundlikeastrangewaytosleep,butastronautsfrompastspacemissionsreportthatsleepinginspaceisactuallyprettygreat!ExerciseExerciseisevenmoreimportantonthestationthanitisonEarth.Astronautsdon’tstandup,sitdownorwalkinspace,sotheirmusclesandbonesdon’thavetoworkmuch—andthismuscleandbonelosscanbedangerousbackonEarth.Tofightthis,astronautsonthestationwillexerciseonbikes,rowingmachines,andotherequipmentabouttwohourseveryday.ClothingAstronautswillhavetowearspecialspacesuitswhiletravellingaboardtheU.S.shuttleorRussianrockets.Butoncethey’resafeinsidethespacestation,crewmemberscanwearregularclothing.Ofcourse,aspeciallydesigned,pressurizedspacesuitisrequiredforspacewalks.PersonalCleanlinessBrushingyourteethcanbechallenginginaweightlessenvironment.Alittlewaterdoesn’tflowinastream.Astronautswilluseafreshwaterhose(软管)totakeshowers,thenasecondvacuumhosetosuction(吸)offthedirtywater.1.Howmanyhoursdoesastronautskeepawakeinthespacestation?A.14hours. B.12hours. C.8.5hours. D.15.5hours.2.Whatdoastronautseataboardthespacestationnowadays?A.Morefreezedriedfood. B.MorelikefoodonEarth.C.Moreadjustastronauts’taste. D.Morefrozenfoodandicecream.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Astronautsbrushingteethcan’tbeachallenge.B.Astronautswearspecialspacesuitsinspacestation.C.Astronautstakesomemeasurestoguaranteedailylife.D.Astronauts’muscleshavetoworkmuchinspace.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【导语】本文为一篇应用文，文章主要从饮食、睡眠、锻炼、衣物和个人清洁几个方面介绍了宇航员在空间站内的生活。1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Inatypicalworkday,crewmembersinthespacestationwillspend14hoursworkingandexercising,1.5hourspreparingandeatingmeals,and8.5hourssleeping.(在一个典型的工作日，空间站的工作人员将花14个小时工作和锻炼，1.5个小时准备和吃饭，8.5个小时睡觉。)”可知，宇航员在空间站保持清醒的时间为14+1.5=15.5小时。故选D。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Spacefoodjustkeepsgettingbetter—andmorelikefoodweenjoyhereonEarth.(太空食物越来越好，越来越像我们在地球上吃的食物。)”可知，如今，宇航员在空间站上吃的食物更像我们在地球上吃的。故选B。3.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Butnowthestationisequippedwithmicrowaveovensandrefrigerators,allowingthefolksonboardtoeatmore“normal”typesoffood,includingfruit,vegetablesandicecream!(但现在空间站配备了微波炉和冰箱，让宇航员可以吃到更多的“正常”食物，包括水果、蔬菜和冰淇淋！)”、第三段“Withnogravity,they’llneedtotiethemselvestotheirbeds,ortheywillfloataway!(没有重力，他们需要把自己绑在床上，否则他们就会飘走！)”、第四段“Tofightthis,astronautsonthestationwillexerciseonbikes,rowingmachines,andotherequipmentabouttwohourseveryday.(为了解决这个问题，空间站上的宇航员每天将在自行车、划船机和其他设备上锻炼大约两个小时。)”、第五段“Ofcourse,aspeciallydesigned,pressurizedspacesuitisrequiredforspacewalks.(当然，太空行走需要特别设计的加压太空服。)”可推知，在太空中宇航员们需要采取一些措施来保障日常生活。故选C。B(2024上·吉林长春·高二长春吉大附中实验学校校考期末)AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)willsoontestanewovenformakingchocolatechipcookies.AspaceshipcarryingthecookingequipmentandothersupplieswaslaunchedonSaturdayfromtheWallopsFlightFacilityintheUnitedStates.Theshipment,weighing3,700kilograms,reachedthespacestationonMonday.Thegoalistoexplorethepossibilityofmakingfreshlybakedcookiesforspacetravelers.AmericanpanyNanoracksdesignedandbuilttheovenandhelpedwithorganizingtheflighttothespacestation.HiltonDoubleTreehotelssuppliedthecookiedough(生面团)theastronautswilluse.Inthepast,spacestationcrewshavecreatedtheirownpizzasusingathin,fiatpieceofbreadknownasflatbread.Astronautshavetriedothercreativewaystomakefood,suchascreatingsaladsfromvegetablesgrowninthespacestation.Resultshavebeenmixed.Thecookiebakingwillbeaslowprocess.Theovencanheatjustonecookieatatime.Thetestcouldtakeweeksbeforetheastronautshavechancetotryoutfreshlybakedcookies.Fiveunbakedcookieshavebeeninaspacestationfreezerforseveralweeks.Eachisinitsownindividualclearbagmadeoutofsilicone.Theovencanheatfoodstotemperaturesashighas177°C.ThatistwicethetemperatureoftheU.S.andRussianfoodwarmersonthespacestation.Theovenuseselectricheatingelements.MaryMurphyiswithNanoracks.Murphysayssheexpectsabakingtimeof15to20minutesforeachcookiewhentheovenisheatedtoabout163°C.Sheaddsthatthesmellofbakingcookiesshouldfillthespacestationeachtimeacookieesoutoftheoven.Theoven’sfirstusewillbetherealtest.Withouttheforceofgravity,theastronautsdonotknowexactlyhowthecookiewilllook.ThreeofthespacebakedcookiesaretobereturnedtoEarthfortesting.4.WhywerethecookingequipmentandothersuppliessenttoISS?A.TopromotetheproductsfromHiltonDoubleTreehotels.B.Tofindpossiblewaystomakefreshlybakedcookiesthere.C.Totesttheequipment’scookingefficiencyforofbakingcookies.D.Todiscoverthepotentialofmakingbreadbyusingaspecialdough.5.WhatcanwelearnfromthefoodsastronautsatepreviouslyonISS?A.Theymustbeheatedtoover177℃.B.Theywerenodifferentfromthoseontheearth.C.Allthefoodswerebroughtwiththemfromtheearth.D.NotalltheplantingexperimentsonISSweresuccessful.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethenewoventest?A.Environmentalfriendly. B.Energyefficient.C.Farreaching. D.Timeconsuming.7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.AnewlyinventedcookeriswidelyusedonISS.B.AnewovenistobetestedtomakecookiesonISS.C.DessertloverswillsoonenjoycookiesingfromISS.D.AstronautshavefoundcreativewaystomakefoodonISS.【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.B【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。一艘载有新烤箱和其他物资的宇宙飞船星期六从美国的瓦勒普斯飞行基地发射升空，宇航员将在国际空间站测试这种新烤箱，其目的是探索为太空旅行者制作新鲜出炉的饼干的可能性。4.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thegoalistoexplorethepossibilityofmakingfreshlybakedcookiesforspacetravelers.(目标是探索为太空旅行者制作新鲜出炉的饼干的可能性。)”可知，将这款烹饪设备和其他用品送入国际空间站是为了寻找在那里制作新鲜出炉的饼干的方法。故选B。5.推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Inthepast,spacestationcrewshavecreatedtheirownpizzasusingathin,fiatpieceofbreadknownasflatbread.Astronautshavetriedothercreativewaystomakefood,suchascreatingsaladsfromvegetablesgrowninthespacestation.(过去，空间站工作人员用一种薄而扁平的面包制作了自己的披萨，这种面包被称为扁平面包。宇航员们尝试了其他创造性的食物制作方法，比如用空间站种植的蔬菜制作沙拉。)”可知，在空间站，工作人员用自己的方式制作了披萨，并尝试了创造性的食物制作方法，比如沙拉，由此可推测出，披萨、沙拉等食物与地球上的食物没有什么不同。故选B。6.推理判断题。根据第四段“Thecookiebakingwillbeaslowprocess.Theovencanheatjustonecookieatatime.Thetestcouldtakeweeksbeforetheastronautshavechancetotryoutfreshlybakedcookies.(烤饼干的过程会很慢。烤箱一次只能加热一块饼干。测试可能需要数周时间，宇航员才有机会尝试新鲜出炉的饼干。)”可推测出，这款新烤箱测试将会很耗时。故选D。7.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段第一句“AstronautsontheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)willsoontestanewovenformakingchocolatechipcookies.(国际空间站的宇航员将很快测试一种用于制作巧克力碎片曲奇的新烤箱。)”引出主题，即一款新型烤箱将在国际空间站进行测试，以便制作饼干。故选B。C(2024上·四川宜宾·高二统考期末)China’sspacemedicineexpertshavestartedplanningtosetupa“spacehospital”toserveastronauts,accordingtoDuJichen,aleadingscientistandpresidentoftheAerospaceCenterHospitalinBeijing.“Wearecarryingoutextensiveresearch,experimentsandtestsonthegroundtoadvancethefirstworkonaspacehospitalthatcanbefixedinsideamannedspacecraftlikeourspacestation.Thepurposeofthisprojectisthatitwillenableourspaceexplorerstotraveldeeperandstayhealthyduringtheirjourney,”saidDu.“Theresearch,designandconstructionofsuchaspacebasedclinicwillalsohelptoleadthedevelopmentofourcountry’smedicaltechnologyandhardware,thuspromotingtheentiremedicalandhealthcaresectors,”Dusaid.Chinesespacemedicineexpertshavebeendiscussingasustainableapproachtokeepastronautsfitandtreatpossiblehealthconditionsinlengthyspaceflights.“Amainstreamideaisthatwecanplaceasmall‘medicalplex’insidethespacestationorotherspacecraftthatcanmeetthebasicneedsofdiagnosisandtreatment,”thescientistsaid.Dusaidthatwiththemedicalfacility,astronautswillbeabletouseselfexaminationinstrumentstomakeadiagnosisiftheydonotfeelwell,andthencantaketimelymedicalmeasures.Currently,medicalsupportforastronautsmostlyreliesondoctorsontheground.Thebiggestchallengeinthisprogramisthatengineersmustfigureouthowtopackmedicaldevicesintoaverylimitedspace,Dusaid,addingthattheyneedtoupgradecurrenttechnologiesanduseinterdisciplinary(跨学科)teamworktoachievethisgoal.MedicalscientistsandengineershaveconductedagreatdealofresearchtoprepareChineseastronautsforthemissions,Dusaid.Theyhavefocusedontheimpactonastronauts’healthduringlongtermspacemissions,aswellasinvestigatinghowthespecialenvironmentinsidethespacestation,especiallyitsweightlessness,willaffectastronauts’health,particularlytheircerebralfunctions.8.Whatdoesthe“spacehospital”aimtodo?A.Trainastronautsinspace. B.Keepastronautshealthyinspace.C.Ensurethesafetyofspaceexplorers. D.Helptocarryoutmoreexperiments.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Thespacehospitalwillimproveastronauts’medicalconditions.B.Themedical&healthcaresystemneedstobeupdated.C.Longflightsnevercausehealthproblemsforastronauts.D.Astronautscangettimelymedicaltreatments.10.Whatisthehardestfortheproject“spacehospital”?A.Howtoexamineandtreatastronauts. B.Howtoadvancemedicaltechnologies.C.Howtobinemanysubjectstogether. D.Howtofitmedicalequipmenttoalimitedspace.11.Whichmayaffectastronauts’healthfromthelastparagraph?A.Spacecrafts. B.Doctors. C.Weightlessness. D.Spaceflights.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的太空医学专家已经开始计划建立一个“太空医院”，为宇航员提供服务。这一项目旨在保持宇航员在太空中的健康，还指出了项目存在的挑战。8.细节理解题。根据第二段“Thepurposeofthisprojectisthatitwillenableourspaceexplorerstotraveldeeperandstayhealthyduringtheirjourney(这个项目的目的是使我们的太空探险者能够深入太空并在旅途中保持健康)”可知，“太空医院”的目的是保持宇航员在太空中的健康。故选B。9.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Dusaidthatwiththemedicalfacility,astronautswillbeabletouseselfexaminationinstrumentstomakeadiagnosisiftheydonotfeelwell,andthencantaketimelymedicalmeasures.Currently,medicalsupportforastronautsmostlyreliesondoctorsontheground.(杜说，有了医疗设施，宇航员将能够使用自检仪器进行诊断，如果他们感觉不舒服，然后可以及时采取医疗措施。目前，对宇航员的医疗支持主要依赖于地面医生)”可推知，太空医院将改善宇航员的医疗条件。故选A。10.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thebiggestchallengeinthisprogramisthatengineersmustfigureouthowtopackmedicaldevicesintoaverylimitedspace,Dusaid,addingthattheyneedtoupgradecurrenttechnologiesanduseinterdisciplinary(跨学科)teamworktoachievethisgoal.(杜说，这个项目最大的挑战是工程师必须弄清楚如何将医疗设备打包到一个非常有限的空间里，并补充说他们需要升级现有的技术，并利用跨学科的团队合作来实现这一目标)”可知，“太空医院”项目最困难的是如何在有限的空间内安装医疗设备。故选D。11.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Theyhavefocusedontheimpactonastronauts’healthduringlongtermspacemissions,aswellasinvestigatinghowthespecialenvironmentinsidethespacestation,especiallyitsweightlessness,willaffectastronauts’health,particularlytheircerebralfunctions.(他们专注于长期太空任务对宇航员健康的影响，以及调查空间站内的特殊环境，特别是失重环境，将如何影响宇航员的健康，特别是他们的大脑功能)”可知，失重状态会影响宇航员的健康。故选C。D(2024上·重庆·高二校联考期末)Besides“wow”and“great”,whatelsewouldyousaywhenflyingovertheEarthinspace?SamanthaCristoforetti,thefirstItalianfemaleastronautinspace,postedseverallinesofafamousancientChinesepositiononTwittertoshareherjoy.ShefirstwroteinChinese,andthenattachedanaccuratetranslationofthelinesinbothItalianandEnglishtohelpmorepeopleunderstand.“Lookingup,Iseetheimmensityofthecosmos;bowingmyhead,Ilookatthemultitudeoftheworld.Thegazeflies,theheartexpands,thejoyofthesensescanreachitspeak,andindeed,thisistruehappiness,”itsays.TwodaysbeforeshelandedonEarth,thebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonherTwitteraccount.Beforelong,herpostswentviralonTwitterwiththousandsofretweets,likesandreplies.ThetextshequotedisfromthePrefacetoPoemsposedattheOrchidPavilion,aChinesecalligraphymasterpiecebyWangXizhi(303361)oftheEasternJinDynasty(317420).ShealsoattachedthreephotostakeninspaceofChina’sBohaiBayandthedaynightviewofBeijing.“Thepoemandviewsarebothmagnificentaswellashealing.Ifeveryonecouldenjoythesamesight,alotofpainintheworldwouldbe‘dissipated’,”oneuserments.AsthefirstItalianfemaleastronautinspace,CristoforetticarriedoutherfirstspacemissiononNov23,2014.In2022,shestartedthesecondmissioninAprilandreturnedtoEarthonFridaynightaftera127daystayinorbit.CristoforettihasalsobeenactiveinSinoEuropeancooperationinthefieldofmannedspaceflight.ShewasaworkinggroupmemberwithChinesecounterpartstodefineandimplementcooperationinthefieldofastronautoperations.Whennottravelingforwork,sheisaneagerreaderandhasagreatpassionforlanguages.SpeakingclearChinese,CristoforettioncetoldthemediathattheteamsfromChinaandEuropewereworkingverywelltogetherinthefieldofastronauttraining.12.WhatistheresultofCristoforetti’spostonline?A.Thebirthofamasterpiece.B.Atrendofjourneytospace.C.AninstanthotissueonTwitter.D.Differenttranslationsofthelines.13.Whichwordbelowcanbeusedtoreplacetheunderlinedword“dissipated”inParagraph3?A.Relieved. B.Caused.C.Increased. D.Recognized.14.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Cristoforetti’sdevotiontohercareer.B.Cristoforetti’slanguagelearningstrategies.C.TheleadershipCristoforettiplaysinherteam.D.ThepossiblemotivationforCristoforetti’spost.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AfemaleastronautbeesonlinestarB.AChinesepoemgetspopularabroadC.LiteratureconveysthebeautyofspaceD.AnItalianastronautpromotesSinoEuropeancooperation【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一位意大利女性宇航员将中国一首诗歌放在网上，得到众多网友的喜爱和转发。12.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TwodaysbeforeshelandedonEarth,thebeautyofspaceandChineseliteratureresonatedonherTwitteraccount.Beforelong,herpostswentviralonTwitterwiththousandsofretweets,likesandreplies.(在她登陆地球的前两天，太空之美和中国文学在她的推特账户上引起了共鸣。不久，她的帖子就在推特上疯传，被转发、点赞和回复了数千次)”可知，Cristoforetti在推特上的帖子立即成为热门话题。故选C项。13.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Thepoemandviewsarebothmagnificentaswellashealing.(这首诗和风景既壮丽又治愈)”可知，这首诗和风景很治愈，所以如果每个人都能欣赏到同样的景象，那么世界上的许多痛苦就会“缓解”。由此可知，划线词dissipated与relieved“缓解，治愈”意思接近。故选A项。14.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whennottravelingforwork,sheisaneagerreaderandhasagreatpassionforlanguages.SpeakingclearChinese,CristoforettioncetoldthemediathattheteamsfromChinaandEuropewereworkingverywelltogetherinthefieldofastronauttraining.(在不出差的时候，她热衷于阅读，对语言有着极大的热情。克里斯托弗雷蒂曾用一口流利的中文告诉媒体，中国和欧洲的团队在宇航员训练领域合作得非常好)”可知，克里斯托弗雷蒂和中国的宇航员合作的很好，而且是一个热衷阅读的语言爱好者。由此推知，这也许就是她发这个帖子的初衷。故选D项。15.主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“SamanthaCristoforetti,thefirstItalianfemaleastronautinspace,postedseverallinesofafamousancientChinesepositiononTwittertoshareherjoy.(第一位进入太空的意大利女宇航员萨曼莎·克里斯托弗雷蒂在推特上发布了几行中国古代名曲来分享她的喜悦)”及下文陈述可知，文章主要讲述了一位意大利女性宇航员将中国一首诗歌放在网上，得到众多网友的喜爱和转发。由此可知，Afemaleastronautbeesonlinestar(一名女宇航员变成网络明星)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。E(2023上·黑龙江鸡西·高二密山市第一中学校联考期末)AstronautNeillArmstrong,thefirstmanonthemoon,passedawayat82.HemandedtheApollo11spacecraftthatlandedonthemoononJuly20,1969,andhasbeenbestrememberedbysaying“That’sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”.ArmstrongwasbornAug5,1930,onafarminwesternOhio.Hetookhisfirstairplanerideattheageof6anddevelopedaninterestinaviation(航空)thatpushedhimtobuildmodelairplanesandconductexperimentsinahomemadewindtunnel.Asaboy,hetookflyinglessonsandwaslicensedtoflyat16,beforehegothisdriver’slicense.ArmstrongenrolledinPurdueUniversitytostudyaircraftengineeringbutwascalledtoworkwiththeUSNavyin1949andflew78fighttasks.ArmstrongwasacceptedintoNASA’sastronautclassin1962.HewasasupportmanderfortheApollo8taskin1968.Inthatflight,manderFrankBorman,JimLovellandBiIIAnderscircledthemoon10times,andgotreadyforthemoonlandingsevenmonthslater.OnJuly20,1969,anestimated600millionpeople—afifthoftheworld’spopulationwatchedandlistenedtothelanding,thelargestaudienceforanysingleeventinhistory.Parentscrowdedwiththeirchildreninfrontofthefamilytelevision.absorbedbywhattheywerewitnessing.Farmersgaveuptheirdutiesatnight,anddriverspulledoffthehighwayandcheckedintohotelsjusttoseethemoonwalk.TelevisionlesstravelersinCaliforniarantotheircarstocatchthewordontheradio.Afterward,peoplewalkedoutoftheirhomesandstaredatthemoon,inaweofwhattheyhadjustseen.Otherswatchedthroughtelescopesinhopesofspottingtheastronauts.“Icanhonestlysayandit’sabigsurprisetomethatIhaveneverhadadreamaboutbeingonthemoon.”heoncesaid.ArmstrongmarriedCarolKnightin1994,andthecouplelivedquietlyinIndianHill,aCincinnatisuburb.Hehadtwoadultsonsfromapreviousmarriage.16.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tointroducethefirstmantolandonthemoon.B.TotellpeopleApollo11landedonthemoononJuly20,1969.C.Toillustrateanestimated600millionpeoplewitnessedtheeventinhistory.D.Toexplainthesaying“That’sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”.17.Whathappenedbetween1949and1969?A.Armstrongcircledthemoon10times.B.ArmstrongwascalledtoworkwiththeUSNavy.C.ArmstronggavelecturesinNASA’sastronautclass.D.Armstrongconductedexperimentsinahomemadewindtunnel.18.Howdidpeoplefeelwhenwatchingandlisteningtothelanding?A.Surprised. B.Astonished. C.Disappointed. D.Overjoyed.19.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Armstronggothisdriver’slicenseat16.B.Armstrongtookhisfirstairplanerideataveryyoungage.C.Armstronghadachildhooddreamaboutbeingonthemoon.D.ArmstrongmarriedCarolin1994andthenhadtwosons.【答案】16.A17.B18.D19.B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了第一个登上月球的宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗的个人经历以及成就。16.推理判断题。根据第一段“AstronautNeillArmstrong,thefirstmanonthemoon,passedawayat82.HemandedtheApollo11spacecraftthatlandedonthemoononJuly20,1969,andhasbeenbestrememberedbysaying“That’sonesmallstepforman,onegiantleapformankind”.(第一个登上月球的宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗去世，享年82岁。1969年7月20日，他指挥阿波罗11号宇宙飞船在月球上着陆，他最令人难忘的名言是:“这是我个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步。”)”可推知，文章的目的是介绍第一个登上月球的人。故选A。17.细节理解题。根据第三段“ArmstrongenrolledinPurdueUniversitytostudyaircraftengineeringbutwascalledtoworkwiththeUSNavyin1949andflew78fighttasks.ArmstrongwasacceptedintoNASA’sastronautclassin1962.HewasasupportmanderfortheApollo8taskin1968.(阿姆斯特朗进入普渡大学学习飞机工程，但在1949年被征召到美国海军工作，并执行了78次战斗任务。1962年，阿姆斯特朗进入了美国宇航局的宇航员班。他是1968年阿波罗8号任务的支援指挥官)”以及第四段“OnJuly20,1969,anestimated600millionpeople—afifthoftheworld’spopulationwatchedandlistenedtothelanding,thelargestaudienceforanysingleeventinhistory.(1969年7月20日，估计有6亿人——占世界人口的五分之一——观看和收听了这次着陆，这是历史上观看人数最多的一次)”可知，1949年到1969年间，阿姆斯特朗被召去为美国海军工作。故选B。18.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Parentscrowdedwiththeirchildreninfrontofthefamilytelevision.absorbedbywhattheywerewitnessing.Farmersgaveuptheirdutiesatnight,anddriverspulledoffthehighwayandcheckedintohotelsjusttoseethemoonwalk.TelevisionlesstravelersinCaliforniarantotheircarstocatchthewordontheradio.Afterward,peoplewalkedoutoftheirhomesandstaredatthemoon,inaweofwhattheyhadjustseen.Otherswatchedthroughtelescopesinhopesofspottingtheastronauts.(父母带着孩子挤在家里的电视机前。被他们所目睹的一切所吸引。农民们在晚上放弃了他们的工作，司机们把车停在高速公路上，住进酒店，只是为了看一看太空步。在加州，没有电视的旅行者跑到他们的车里去听收音机里的消息。之后，人们走出家门，凝视着月亮，对他们刚刚看到的感到敬畏。其他人则通过望远镜观看，希望能看到宇航员)”可推知，人们在观看和收听飞船着陆时感到欢喜。故选D。19.细节理解题。根据第二段“Hetookhisfirstairplanerideattheageof6anddevelopedaninterestinaviation(航空)thatpushedhimtobuildmodelairplanesandconductexperimentsinahomemadewindtunnel.(6岁时，他第一次乘坐飞机，并对航空产生了兴趣，这促使他制作飞机模型，并在自制的风洞中进行实验)”可知，阿姆斯特朗在很小的时候第一次坐飞机。故选B。F(2023上·湖南张家界·高二慈利县第一中学校考阶段练习)NASAisplanningtosendarobotcalledMIRAtotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)by2024.ItscreatorsclaimthatMIRAiscapableofperformingoperationsonitsownandifrequired,itcanalsobecontrolledremotely.SuchadevicecouldallowdoctorsonEarthtoperformoperationsonastronautsinspacewhilecontrollingthedeviceremotely.However,beforeperformingsurgical(外科的)operationsonhumans,MIRAwillhavetopassseveraltestsontheISSinvolvingnonlivingobjects.ThesetestswillhelpMIRAlearntoperformsurgeriesinlowgravityconditions,whichcanbequiteachallenge.Itisbelievedthatinthefuture,MIRAcouldplayanimportantroleinhelpingoutastronautswhofacemedicalemergenciesonthemoonandMarsorduringlongdistancespacetravel.ThejourneyfromtheISStoEarthcanbepletedinsixhours.ConsideringthealreadyavailablemedicinesandsuppliesontheISS,thismaysoundlikeamanageabledurationformanyofthemedicalemergencycasesoccurringthere.However,ifanastronautrequiresimmediatemedicalsupportonadistantplanetlikeMars,heorshewillprobablydiebythetimehelparrives.Obviously,itisnotpracticaltosendallkindsofdoctorswithastronauts.Therefore,thebeststrategytodealwithmedicalemergenciesistohavearobotsurgeonthatcouldperformallkindsofsurgeries.MIRAcouldachievethisgoalasitcanberemotelycontrolledinouterspacebyasurgeononEarth.Forexample,ifanastronautfacesbothnerve(神经)andboneinjuryonMars,aneurosurgeonandanorthopedicsurgeononEarthcanperformsurgeriesremotelyontheinjuredastronautusingMIRA.ButtherobotsurgeoncouldbeveryusefulhereonEarthaswell.AfterreceivingsafetyapprovalfromtheFoodandDrugAdministration,intheingyears,wemightseedoctorsusingthisrobottoperformsurgeriesremotelyonEarth.Thisremarkabledevicecouldmakeplicated(复杂的)surgeriespracticalinevenremoteandruralareas,wheretherecouldbeashortageofdoctors.20.WhatisMIRAdesignedfor?A.Carryingoutoperationsinanemergency.B.Documentingdailyactivitiesdonebyastronauts.C.EnsuringsufficientmedicinesandsuppliesontheISS.D.Improvingthefunctioningofspaceoperationequipment.21.WhatshouldbedonebeforeMIRA’sofficialuse?A.MIRAdoingtestsonanimalsinlowgravityconditions.B.ScientistsbringingdownthecostofsendingMIRAintospace.C.MIRAhelpingoutastronautswithmedicalneedsonthemoon.D.ScientistsconductingMIRAexperimentsonlifelessobjectsontheISS.22.WhyisdevelopingMIRAnecessary?A.Itofferslifesupportwhenhelparrives.B.Itoffersuptodatemedicalequipmentforspacetravel.C.Itprovideslifesavingassistanceforastronautsonremoteplanets.D.Itincreasesthemanageabledurationformanymedicalemergencies.23.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisgoal”inparagraph4referto?A.TakingremotecontrolfromEarth. B.Sendingallkindsofdoctorsintospace.C.Makingsurgeriespracticalinruralareas. D.Dealingwithdifferenttypesofmedicalemergencies.【答案】20.A21.D22.C23.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际空间站(ISS)上将安装一款名为MIRA的机器人，该机器人具备在太空中进行手术的能力，并可以由地球上的医生远程控制。20.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“NASAisplanningtosendarobotcalledMIRAtotheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)by2024.ItscreatorsclaimthatMIRAiscapableofperformingoperationsonitsownandifrequired,itcanalsobecontrolledremotely.SuchadevicecouldallowdoctorsonEarthtoperformoperationsonastronautsinspacewhilecontrollingthedeviceremotely.(美国宇航局计划在2024年之前将一个名为MIRA的机器人送入国际空间站(ISS)。它的创造者声称，MIRA能够自己执行操作，如果需要，它也可以远程控制。这样的设备可以让地球上的医生在远程控制设备的同时为太空中的宇航员进行手术。)”可知，MIRA能够自己执行操作，如果需要，它也可以远程控制。这样的设备可以让地球上的医生在远程控制设备的同时为太空中的宇航员进行手术。故选A。21.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However,beforeperformingsurgical(外科的)operationsonhumans,MIRAwillhavetopassseveraltestsontheISSinvolvingnonlivingobjects.ThesetestswillhelpMIRAlearntoperformsurgeriesinlowgravityconditions,whichcanbequiteachallenge.(然而，在对人类进行外科手术之前，MIRA必须在国际空间站上通过几项涉及非生命物体的测试。这些测试将帮助MIRA学会在低重力条件下进行手术，这可能是相当大的挑战。)”可知，在MIRA正式使用前，MIRA必须在国际空间站上通过几项涉及非生命物体的测试。故选D。22.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“However,ifanastronautrequiresimmediatemedicalsupportonadistantplanetlikeMars,heorshewillprobablydiebythetimehelparrives.(然而，如果宇航员在像火星这样遥远的星球上需要立即医疗支持，他或她可能会在救援到来之前死亡。)”以及第四段“Obviously,itisnotpracticaltosendallkindsofdoctorswithastronauts.Therefore,thebeststrategytodealwithmedicalemergenciesistohavearobotsurgeonthatcouldperformallkindsofsurgeries.(显然，把各种各样的医生和宇航员一起送到太空是不现实的。因此，处理医疗紧急情况的最佳策略是拥有一个可以进行各种手术的机器人外科医生。)”可知，MIRA可以为遥远的星球上的宇航员提供救生救援。故选C。23.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“Obviously,itisnotpracticaltosendallkindsofdoctorswithastronauts.Therefore,thebeststrategytodealwithmedicalemergenciesistohavearobotsurgeonthatcouldperformallkindsofsurgeries.MIRAcouldachievethisgoalasitcanberemotelycontrolledinouterspacebyasurgeononEarth.(显然，把各种各样的医生和宇航员一起送到太空是不现实的。因此，处理医疗紧急情况的最佳策略是拥有一个可以进行各种手术的机器人外科医生。)”可知，这个目标指的是在太空中处理不同类型的医疗紧急情况。故选D。G(2023上·安徽黄山·高二屯溪一中校考阶段练习)Arecentsurveyfoundchildrenwouldratherbeonlineinfluencersthanastronauts.Itmadeheadlinesandledtoplentyofplaintsabout“kidsthesedays”.Isinfluencingapromisingcareerpath?Thelifestylesweseeadvertisedonsocialmediaareenticing,butundertheshiningappearancelieuncertainine,payinequality,disabilityandmentalhealthissues.Successfulinfluencerswillbethefirsttoclaimthatanyonecanmakeitintheindustry.However,socialmediaeconomyexpertsuncoveredahugeinegapbetweensuccessfulinfluencersandeveryoneelse.Formostpeopletryingtobeeaninfluencer,theirpassionprojectsofcontentcreationoftenbeefreeworkforbrands.Mo