高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解特训-人教版高三英语试题

阅读理解专题特训16

能力升级训练第26页

A

（2016•全国in卷,C）

Ifyouareafruitgrower一orwouldliketobecomeone一takeadvantageofApple

Daytoseewhat,saround.It'scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit'smorelikeApple

Month.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspread

outovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.

Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevariety

ofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGolden

DeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseethe

rangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbythe

Romans.Althoughitdoesn'ttasteofanythingspecial,it'sstillworthatry,asis

theknobbly（多疙瘩的）Cat?sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.

Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.Oneofthe

verybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,butyou'11needa

warm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit'sapipedeeaeformostapple

loverswhofallforit.

Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuit

yourconditions,andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredfor

withapple-themedfunandgames.

AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestin

fruit,includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards（果园）.Ifyouwanttohave

arealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdale,near

FavershaminKent.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了苹果节举办的时间、项目及地点。重点提到苹

果节上种类丰富的苹果品种和有关苹果种植的相关知识，特别指出可以与苹果种植专家进行

讨论等。再加上孩子们喜欢的以苹果为主题的趣味游戏,可以说,对于那些对苹果及苹果种植

感兴趣的人极具吸引力。

1.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?

A.Attendexperts?lectures.

B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.

C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.

D.Tastemanykindsofapples.

答案:D

解析:细节理解题。由第二段第一句

^Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.“可

知,在苹果节的活动中,人们可以品尝到各种苹果。故选D项。

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?

A.Itisanewvariety.B.Ithasastrangelook.

C.Itisrarelyseennow.D.Ithasaspecialtaste.

答案:C

解析:推理判断题。由第二段第二句中的

“…itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,sucha

sDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.可推知,Decio是以前由罗马人种植的一种苹果，现在的

人们能够看到这种苹果就算是大开眼界了。由此推知现在Deci。苹果非常罕见。故选C项。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream“inParagraph3mean?

A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.

C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.

答案:B

解析:词义猜测题。由第三段第二句可知,OrleansReinette果品上佳,但是对温度、环境、土

壤的要求很高,因此,对大多数喜欢种植该苹果的爱好者来说是apipedream（白日梦）。

4.Whatistheauthor,spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.

B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.

C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.

D.Topromoteappleresearch.

答案:B

解析:写作意图题。通读全篇可知，文章主要介绍了一个关于苹果的节日一一苹果节。故选B

项。

B

（2016•全国III卷,D）

Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisno

news.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.But

nowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored（监控）indifferent

ways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se-mailsandonline

posts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthan

disastersandsobstories.

“The'ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia,“saysJonahBerger,ascholar

attheUniversityofPennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehow

you'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehow

theyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”

Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication一e-mails,Webpostsand

reviews,face-to-faceconversations一foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethan

negative（消极的），butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositive

news.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregood

thingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility,Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeople

spreadaparticularsetofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes?

website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe“moste-mailed“listforsixmonths.One

ofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikely

tomakethelistthannon-sciencearticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'

readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.

Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspired

negativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerely

sad.Theyneededtobearoused（激发）onewayortheother,andtheypreferredgoodnews

tobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,asDr.Berger

explainsinhisnewbook,“Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.”

【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。俗话说，好事不出门，坏事传千里。但是研究者们通过跟踪

和监控人们的电子邮件、网络帖子及评论、面对面会话等发现，人与人之间更多分享的是那些

给人们带来积极情绪的好消息，而不是导致消极情绪的坏消息。

1.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?

A.Newsreports.B.Researchpapers.

C.Privatee-mails.D.Dailyconversations.

答案:A

解析:细节理解题。由第一段前四句可知，这些经典的规则主要应用于eveningbroadcasts和

morningpapers,由此推出，这些规则常用于新闻报道中。故选A项。

2.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?

A.They'resociallyinactive.

B.They'regoodattellingstories.

C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.

D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.

答案:C

解析:推理判断题。由第二段JonahBerger所说的

^Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twant

themtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.??可知，当你和朋友们分享故事时，你更在乎他们的反应,

你不希望他们认为你是一个不考虑别人感受的人。故选C项。

3.Whichtendedtobethemoste-mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger?sresearch?

A.Sportsnews.B.Sciencearticles.

C.Personalaccounts.D.Financialreviews.

答案:B

解析:细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知,人们分享最多的文章是那些关于科学栏目的文章。

故选B项。

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWide

B.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople

C.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes

D.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks

答案:D

解析:主旨大意题。通过第一段最后一句引出话题，以及最后一段的概括总结可知，在社交网络

中,人们更愿意分享的是传递积极情绪的好消息。故选D项。

C

Ihadn'twalkedacrossouroldfarminthepastfifteenyears.Yetthememories

camefloodingback.Rainorshine,IusedtowalkthispatheachdaytoseeGreta.She

alwaysmademesmile,evenaftermysisterandIhadjusthadabigquarrel.Iwould

helpGretawithherchores（家务活）.Thenwewouldtasteherdelicioushome-made

chocolatecookiesandicecream.Stayinginawheelchairdidn'tstopGretafrombeing

anoutstandingcook.

GretagavemetwoofthegreatestgiftsI'veeverreceived.First,shetaughtme

howtoread.ShealsotaughtmethatwhenIforgavemysisterforourquarrels,itmeant

Iwouldn,tkeepfeelinglikeavictim.Instead,Iwouldfeelsunny.

Mr.Dinking,thelocalbanker,triedtotakeawayGreta'shouseandlandafterher

husbandpassedaway.ThankstoPapaandUncleJohan,Gretagottokeepeverything.

SoonfolkswerecomingfrommilesaroundtobuyGreta'shome-madecookiesand

icecream.GretaevenhadmetakeabigapplepietoMr.Dinkingwholaterbecameone

ofherbestcustomersandfriends.That?sjusthowGretawas.Shecouldturnanyone

intoafriend!

Gretaalwayssaid,“Dear,keepwalkinginthesunshine!”Nomatterhowterrible

mydaystarted,IalwaysfeltsunnywalkinghomefromGreta'shouse一evenbeneath

thewinterstarlight.

IarrivedatGreta/shousetodayjustaftersunset.Anambulancehadstoppeda.

fewfeetfromherdoor.WhenIranintotheoldhouse,Gretarecognizedmerightaway.

Shewasalmostoutofbreathwhenshereachedoutandsoftlytouchedmyarm.Her

lastwordstomewere,“Dear,keepwalkinginthesunshine!??

I'msurethatGretaiswalkinginthebrightestsunshineshe'severseen.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。回到了阔别15年的农场,作者想起了一位故人Greta。Greta

不仅教会了作者阅读,而且还教会了作者宽恕别人。

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

A.theauthoralwaysquarreledwithhissister

B.Gretaoftenaskedtheauthortohelpherwithherchores

C.GretawastiredofMr.Dinking'stakingawayherhouse

D.theauthorhadasenseofhappinessstayinginGreta,shouse

答案:D

解析:推理判断题。A项中的always在文中并未提及，故被排除;第一段提到了“我愿意帮助

Greta做家务活”，但没提及Greta经常请作者帮她做家务,故排除B项;C项中的

"...wastiredof..."未被提及,故排除C项;根据第五段的

^Nomatterhowterriblemydaystarted,IalwaysfeltsunnywalkinghomefromGreta?shouse一

evenbeneaththewinterstar1ight.,,可知作者在Greta家有一种快乐的感觉，故答案为D项。

2.WhatmadeGretaworkoutherproblemwhenherhusbandpassedaway?

A.Theauthor?shelpandthefolks'support.

B.Theauthor,spapaandUncleJohan,shelpaswellasherattitudetopeople.

C.Mrs.Greta'sdelicioushome-madechocolatecookiesandicecream.

D.Mrs.Greta,sbravefightingforherhouseandland.

答案:B

解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的

ThankstoPapaandUnc1eJohan,Gretagottokeepeverything.以及第四段的描述可知答案

为B项。

3.FromthefactthatGretahadmetakeabigapplepietoMr.Dinking,wecaninfer

Gretawasawoman.

A.tolerantB.talented

C.helpfulD.warm-hearted

答案:A

解析:推理判断题。第三段介绍了在Greta的丈夫去世之后，当地的银行家Dinking先生曾经

要没收她的房子和土地。第四段中Greta又让作者给Dinking先生送去一张大的苹果派。从

中可推断出Greta是一个宽容的（tolerant）女人,故答案为A项。

4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Alwayshelpthosewhoareinneed

B.Neverquarrelwithalittlegirl

C.Keepwalkinginthesunshine

D.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed

答案:C

解析:主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是倒数第二段中Greta临终前告诉作者的话及最后一段可知

C项最符合本文主题。

D

（2019•北京卷，B）

AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（仓ij业者），whoinMay2015setupherbusiness

AilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththe

inventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids'teeth,insteadofdestroying

them.

ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasoffered

acandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.But

Moorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Why

can'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan't

saynotoit?”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandy

company.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhata

healthiercandywouldcontain.

Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineand

conductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealso

approacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceeded

inmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.

Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,she

andherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,who

finallyagreedtosellMooresproduct一CanCandy.

AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore,scredibilityasayoung

entrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salso

positiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveaclean

mouthandabroadsmile.

Meanwhile,withherparents,help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormal

teenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'tdriven

primarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheir

smiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy,sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentand

determination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.

【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。爱丽丝・摩尔是一个青少年创业者,她在2015年建立了自

己的公司，之后她致力于帮助其他人开心快乐地生活。

1.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?

A.Shearguedwithhim.B.Shetriedtofindawayout.

C.Shepaidnoattention.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.

答案:B

解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的第五句

^Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,Whycan?tlmakeahealthycandy...?”可知，摩尔

想找到一种两全其美的方法。故选B项。

2.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?

A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.

B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.

C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.

D.Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.

答案:A

解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句

“Withherdad'spermission,shespent...togetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friend

ly.”可知，她所建立的公司生产的糖对孩子们的牙齿有好处。故选A项。

3.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?

A.Toearnmoremoney.

B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.

C.Tomakeherselfstandout.

D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.

答案:B

解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段的第三句

^Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.??可知,摩尔想利用自

己的技能帮助其他人找到微笑。故选B项。

4.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?

A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.

B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.

C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.

D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.

答案:C

解析:推理判断题。通读全文可知，摩尔的成功源于她积极的想法和行动。故选C项。

E

HowtoLoveYourParents

Evenifyouthinkthatyourparentsaremean-spiritedattimes,lovingyourparents

isanormalandfulfillingpartoflife.Youlovethemforthefactthattheycreated

you,raisedyou,andareinpartasourceofwhoyouare.Herearesomewaystolove

yourparents.

1Agentle“goodmorning"and"Iloveyou“willwarmacoldest

heart.Rememberthattheybroughtyouintothisworld.Withoutyourparents,youmight

stillwanderatanunknowncornerinanunknownworld.

Respectthemmoreandcherishthesemoments.Youcanusethesemomentstolearn

fromthemwhenyou'reoffonyourown.It'sOKtogetangrybutangryactionsdon't

helpyouoryourparents.Actcalmly,cooloff,writedownyourfeelings,ortalktoa

friend.2Obeytheirrequests.Itwillmakeyourattitudebetterandearnyoumore

respectfromthem.Itmayseemlikeyouaregoingthroughhellwhenyoudon'tget

whatyouwantoryouhavetoclean.However,youhadbetterremembertheykeeparoof

overyourheadwhenit'scold,raining,snowing,ortoohot.Understandthatparents

arehumanbeingsandmakemistakes.3Sinceyoucanforgiveyourfriends,whynot

forgiveyourparents?

Keepcompanywiththem.DothingswithyourparentslikewatchingTV,orgo

somewherewiththem.Listentotheiroldstoriesandlearnfromthem.4Youwill

findtheyareyourteachersinthiswayoranother.

Somepeoplesimplymaynotbeabletolovetheirparents.5Seekhelpifyou

arebeingabused（虐待）inanyway.Parentsdonothavearighttoharmyou.

A.Forgivenessisthekey.

B.Tellthemyoulovethemeverymorning.

C.Parentswill