2023-2024学年山东省济宁市曲阜东部中学高三年级上册英语期末试卷含解析

2023年山东省济宁市曲阜东部中学高三英语期末试卷

含解析

一、选择题

1.Thedogmaybeagoodcompanionfortheold.,theneedtotakeitforwalks

maybeadisadvantage.

A.Besides.B.HoweverC.

ThereforeD.Instead.

参考答案：

B

2.Itisfantasticforchildrentohaveaharmoniousfamily,_theparentstreattheirchildlikea

friend.

A.whyB.that

C.whichD.where

参考答案：

D

考查定语从句关系副词。句意：孩子们有一个和睦的家庭，父母把孩子当朋友对待，这是

非常棒的。Where引导定语从句修饰family,在从句中作地点状语。故选D。

3.Brainwhoservesasmanagerofthecompanyhopesthateverythingwillbebetterwhen

hequitsthanwhenhe.

A.hasstartedB.startsC.startedD.willstart

参考答案：

C

4.Snorkelingtripsaregreatfunbuttheybeverydangerousunderwater.

A.canB.mustC.shallD.will

参考答案:

A

5.HundredsofSwedishworkersaretrialingasix—hourworkingdayinthehopesthatit

willsickleaveandsavethecountrymoney.

A.cutdownB.turndownC.pulldownD.castdown

参考答案：

A

6.Wheneverwe'reintrouble,weshouldneverloseheart.

A.a;theB.a;aC.不填；不填D./;the

参考答案：

C

7.Youngpeoplearealwayskidding.Youaswellasksomeseniorsfortheright

direction.

A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must

参考答案：

C

8.rilbringsomewaterjustsomeofusgetthirstywhileclimbingthemountain.

A.incaseB.eventhoughC.asifD.aslongas

参考答案：

A

9.1leftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.

------Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someoneit.

A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhave

stolenD.musthavestolen

参考答案:

B

10.Theysaidtheywouldfight_heenemytotheend.

A.ofB.inC.fromD.against

参考答案：

D

11.Sixtydecadeson,thepresenter(QueenElizabethII)hasevolvedsomewhat,ashasthe

technologyshedescribed.Backthen,whothatpeoplewouldonedaybewatchingthison

laptopsandmobilephones,assomeofyouaretoday?

A.musthaveimaginedB.mayhaveimagined

C.wouldhaveimaginedD.shouldhaveimagined

参考答案：

C

句意：六十年过去了，演讲者(伊丽莎白二世)也像她所描述的技术那样，〃升级〃了一

些。那时候，有谁能想象到，有一天人们会从笔记本电脑和手机上观看这则视频，就像今

天你们中的一部分人这样？根据语境，此处表示与过去相反的虚拟语气，主句用would

have+过去分词。"musthave+过去分词〃表示对过去的肯定性推测；"mayhave+过去分词〃表

示对过去的推测；"shouldhavedone”表示本应该做某事而实际上没做。故选C。

5.WhenhecamebackfromsouthAmerica,theprofessortoldusaboutthecitiesandthe

people___hehadvisited.

A.thatB.whomC.whichD.where

参考答案：

A

略

13.InhottestrealityshowRunningManIII,Luhanisonlynewmember.

A.a;不填B.a;anC.the;theD.the;不填

参考答案：

c

【考点】冠词

【试题解析】分析句子，可知前后两个空格都是特指的，故用定冠词the。

句意：在热播的电视节目''奔跑吧，兄弟3〃中，鹿哈是唯一的一个新成员。

14.Mr.Zhangmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadtosome

schoolsforpoorpeople.

A.set

up

B.settingup

C.haveset

upD.

havingsetup

参考答案：

B

15.Intelligencedoesn'tmeansuccess.Youneedtoworkhardaswell.

A.honestlyB.necessarilyC.formallyD.simply

参考答案：

B

【详解】考查固定用法及副词辨析。句意：聪明不一定意味着成功。你还需要努力工作。

A.honestly诚实地，正当地；B.necessarily必然地；C.formally正式地，正规地；D.simply

简单地。根据后一句〃你还需要努力〃可知，“聪明不一定意味着成功〃。〃notnecessarily〃为

固定搭配，意为〃不一定，未必"，故选B。

16.—Didyouhappentoseeblackandwhitecat?

-Isshemissing?Itoldyoutotakecareofher.

A.the,theB.the;不填C.a;不填D.a;the

参考答案：

B

二、单词拼写

51.Ipreferredtheformerdesigntothe(后者).

52.Shehasbeen(受苦，受难)lossofmemorysinceshehadthatcaraccident.

53.Therewere2,000people(出席的)atthemeetingyesterday.

54.Theplayis(以.为基础)onashortstorybyMarkTwinofthesametitle.

55.Shehadanumberofjobsabroadbeforeshefinally(安顿下来)down.

56.AsfarasIam(concern),Ican'tagreewithwhatyousaid.

57.BothEnglishandFrenchare(office)languagesinCanada.

58.Goodbooksofhighquality(rich)themind.

59.Heis(actual)overfiftyyearsold.

60.Alothasbeendoneinthe(recover)ofnationaleconomyinthepastfewyears.

参考答案：

51.latter

52.suffering

53.present

54.based

55.settled

56.concerned

57.official

58.enrich

59.actually

60.recovery

根据所给汉语或英语用其正确形式填空。

51.句意：比起后者我更喜欢前者的设计。可知答案为latter。

52.句意：自从她有了那次事故，她一直遭受记忆的损失。此处用的是现在完成进行时

态，可知答案为suffering。

53.句意：有2000人出席昨天的会议。present出席，到场，做后置定语，故答案为

presento

54.固定搭配：bebasedon以---为基础，故答案为based。

55.句意：她在国外做了很多的工作才最终安顿下来。主句用一般过去时态，则before引

导的时间状语从句也用一般过去时态，答案为settled。

固定结构：依我看来,据我所知，可知答案为

56.AsfarasIamconcerned,concernedo

57.形容词修饰名词，可知答案为officiaL

58.句意：好的高质量的书籍充实头脑。句子用一般现在时态，句子缺少谓语，可知答案

为enricho

副词修饰整个句子，可知答案为

59.actuallyo

60.句意：国民经济的恢复。可知此处用名词形式，答案为recovery。

18.Thestudentwascaught__（作弊）intheexam.

参考答案：

cheating

三、阅读理解

19.SinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpeciesin1859,

scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformation

isstillofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.

Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400millionyearsago,animalsinthesea

developedlimbs（肢）thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.

Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist（古生物学家）AlfredRomera

centuryagobecameahottopiconceagain.

Romerthoughtthattidal（潮汐的）poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.Seaanimals

wouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmade

eithertoadapttotheirnewenvironmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewto

accomplishthetransition（过渡）fromseatoland.

Romercalledtheseearliestfour-footedanimals“tetrapods”.Sciencehasalwaysthought

thatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidenceto

supportit.

HannahByrneisanoceanographer（海洋学家）atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.She

announcedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,

herteamhadmanagedtolinkHomer'stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits（沉积物）ofthe

earliesttetrapodswerefound.

AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascientistattheUniversityof

OxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawas

achieved,tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percent

closertothemoonthanitisnow.

Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof"survivalofthe

fittest”,explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK'sUniversityofBangor.Ashetold

Science,Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffoodthefishthat

hadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip（翻转）themselvesbackinthewater."

Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.

CambridgeUniversity'spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemed

unconvinced."It'sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginofland-basedtetrapods,anyorallof

whichmayhavebeenapartoftheanswer/'shesaid.

28.Whofirstproposedthetheorythatfishmighthavegainedlimbsbecauseoftidalpools?

A.HannahByrne.B.CharlesDarwin.C.StevenBalbus.D.AlfredRomer.

29.Whyweretidesstronger400millionyearsagothantheyaretodayaccordingtoSteven

Balbus?

A.Therewerelargeroceans.B.Earthwasundergreaterpressure.

C.Earthwasclosertothemoon.D.Themoongaveoffmoreenergy.

30.Theunderlinedword"stranded“inParagraph8probablymeans〃

A.settledB.trappedC.abandonedD.found

31.Whatisthefocusofthearticle?

A.Theargumentsoverascientifictheory.

B.Theproposalofanewscientifictheory.

C.Somenewevidencetosupportaprevioustheory.

D.Anewdiscoverythatquestionsaprevioustheory.

参考答案：

28.D29.C30.B31.C

【分析】

本文是议论文，AlfredRomer在一个世纪前提出的观点现在又成了热门话题，文中介绍了

一些支持此观点的根据。

[28题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist（古生物学

家）AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.和第四段Romerthoughtthat

tidal（潮汐的）poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.可知AlfredRomer在一个世纪前就提

出潮水的涌入，促使鱼长出了四肢。故选D.

[29题详解】

细节理解题。根据第七段400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,

tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothe

moonthanitisnow.可知4亿年前的潮汐比现在更强，这是因为地球比现在离月球近10%.

故选C.

[30题详解】

猜测词义题。根据MattiasGreen的观点Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodor

yourunoutoffoodthefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip（翻转）

themselvesbackinthewater.可知被困在水池中几天，鱼就会没有食物或成为食物，四肢大

的鱼生存更有优势。由此可知被困在水池里的生物会承受〃适者生存〃的压力，stranded意

为“陷入困境的"与trapped同义，故选B.

【31题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist（古生物学

家）AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.提出本文的主题，AlfredRomer

在一个世纪前提出的观点现在成了热门话题，下文叙述观点的内容和支持的论据。所以本

文的重点是支持先前理论的一些新的证据，故选C.

【点睛】词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌

握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我

们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。

下面结合文本及近几年高考试题，对词义猜测的技巧加以解读。

1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判

断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwill

breakeasily.从后面thatis（也就是说）的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是"脆〃的意思。根据

MattiasGreen的观点Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood

thefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip（番现转）themselvesbackin

thewater.可知被困在水池中几天，鱼就会没有食物或成为食物，四肢大的鱼生存更有优

势。由此可知被困在水池里的生物会承受''适者生存〃的压力，stranded意为〃陷入困境的〃

与trapped同义。

2.根据同位关系进行猜测

阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系

对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：The"Chunnel”,atunnel（隧道）connecting

EnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.止匕句中atunnelconnectingEnglandandFrance是

Chunnel的同位语。因此，The“Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。

3.根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测

在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这

个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：〃Ourparties

areaimedforchildren2to10,“Anacleriosaid,“andthey'reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthat

theybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactiv