浙江省北斗星盟2023-2024学年高三上学期12月阶段性联考英语试题

绝密★考试结束前2023学年第一学期浙江北斗星盟阶段性联考高二年级英语试题考生须知：1．本卷共7页满分150分，考试时间120分钟;2．答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、学号和姓名;考场号、座位号写在指定位置;3．所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效;4．考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WherearetheParkApartments?A.Wedon’tknow. B.Onthe21stStreet. C.Onthe12thStreet.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Isthetaxitaken?M:No.Whereareyougoing?W:TotheParkApartments.They’reonthe21stStreet.M:Iknowwheretheyare.Getin.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewoman’sattitudetowardtheman’sforgetfulness?A.Sheiskindtohim. B.Sheisangrywithhim. C.Sheisworriedabouthim.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:What’swrongwithyou?M:Iforgotallaboutthetwoo’clockmeeting!Tom’sgoingtokillme.W:Oh,Icanseewhyyou’resad.Itcanreallybeannoyingwhensomethingimportantslipsyourmind.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesn’tthewomanliketohaveredwine?A.Becausesheprefersbeer.B.Becauseshedoesn’tlikeitstaste.C.Becausesheisafraidofgettingdrunk.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Wouldyouliketohavesomeredwine?W:No,thanks.I’dratherhavetea.IdranksomeredwinelastFridaywhenwewereatmymum’sbirthdayparty.Itwastoosweet.M:OK.Ateaforyouandabeerforme.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdothecatandthedoggetalong?A.Inafriendlyway.B.Theyoftenfightagainsteachother.C.Theydon’tseemtolikeeachother.【答案】C【解析】原文】W:Thecatandthedogseemtogetalongwelltogether.M:Theydon’tfightbuttheydon’tpayattentiontoeachother.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethetwotalkingabout?A.Howtouseadictionary.B.ReadingEnglishnewspapers.C.StudyingEnglishwithateacher.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:DidyouunderstandEnglishnewspaperswithouthelpfromyourteacher?M:Yes,Ididquitewell,butIhadtolookupsomenewwords.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhoisgoingtoNewYorkattheweekend?A.Kate. B.Jack’sbrother. C.KateandJack’sbrother.7.WhatisthewomangoingtodoinNewYork?A.Tovisitafriend. B.Tovisitateacher. C.Tovisitarelative.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Kate.MindifIjoinyou?W:Notatall.Haveaseat,Jack.M:Haveyougotanyplansfortheweekend?W:Yeah,I’mreallyexcited.I’mgoingtoNewYorkforacoupleofdays.M:Oh,mybrotherisgoingtheretoo.Areyoudriving?Maybeyoutwocouldgotogether.W:No.I’mgoingtotakethetrain.I’vealreadygotmyticket.M:So,whatareyougoingtodoinNewYork?W:I’mvisitingafriend.Oh,hereesthebus.I’vegottoleave.Bye.M:Bye.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whataretheytalkingaboutintheconversation?A.TeaproductioninBritain.B.Bettingonsportsandgames.C.SomehabitsoftheBritishpeople.9.HowmanyteabreaksarethereinBritaineveryday?A.Two. B.Four. C.Three.10.Howmuchoftheworld’steaproductiondotheBritishconsume?A.1/2. B.1/3. C.1/4.【答案】8.C9.A10.C【解析】【原文】W:DoyouknowwhatBritishpeoplearefondof?M:Ihavesomeideas.TheBritishpeoplelovetobetonthings.Theymainlybetonhorseracingandbingo.Horseracingisagamblingsportwhilebingoisabettinggame.W:DrinkingisanotherhabitoftheBritishpeople.Mostmenhavethehabitofdrinkingbeer,wineandotherthings.M:Thereisanotherkindofdrinking,thedrinkingoftea.Everydaytherearetwoteabreaks,whichlastfifteentotwentyminutes:oneinthemorningandtheotherintheafternoon.Somefactorieshavetearoomsforworkers.W:ItisnowonderthattheBritisharethebiggestteadrinkersintheworld,andconsumeaquarteroftheworld’stea.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whydidthewomanwanttotalktotheman?A.Shewasinterestedinforeigners.B.ShewantedtobeabletoteachEnglishbetter.C.Sheplannedtowriteabouttheeveningschool.12.Whendidtheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon. C.Intheevening.13.WhatdidthemanthinkthathewaspoorintalkingabouthisEnglish?A.Speaking. B.Writing. C.Grammar.【答案】11.C12.C13.A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,I’mastudentofthisschoolduringtheday.I’mwritingareportfortheschoolnewspaper.It’sabouttheeveningschool.CanIaskyouafewquestions?M:OK.Thereareabouttenminutesbeforemyclassesbegin.W:Thanks.Well,whereareyoufrom?Andwhendidyouetothiscountry?M:I’mfromRussia.Icameherewithmywifeandchildrenlastyear.W:DidyouknowanyEnglishbeforeyouarrivedinWashington?M:Yes,Idid.IlearnedEnglishinthemiddleschool.W:HowareyougettingalongwithyourEnglishnow?M:Myreading,writingandgrammarareOK,butIhavesomeproblemstalkingtoAmericans.Itseemsthattheydon’tliketotalktopeoplelikeme.W:I’msorry.IknowsomeAmericansdon’ttrytounderstandforeigners.That’stoobad.Err...Well,doyouhaveajob?M:Yes,Ido.Iworkinashop.W:Isee.Well,Ihavefinishedmyquestions.Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.M:Youarewele.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14Whathadthetwospeakersplannedtodo?A.Togotothemovies. B.Togooutfordinner. C.Tostudyforamathexam.15.Whatdoesthegirlasktheboytodo?A.Togowithouther. B.TocallAliceandBill. C.Tohelpherwithhermath.16.Whatdoestheboythinkaboutmissingthemovie?A.Hedoesn’tcare.B.Hedoesn’twanttoseeitanyway.C.He’sunhappyaboutmissingthemovie.【答案】14.A15.C16.C【解析】【原文】W:Aren’twesupposedtogotothemovieswithAliceandBilltonight?M:Yes.Itoldthemwe’dmeetthematthemallatseventhirty.W:Well,maybeyoushouldn’thavetoldthemwecouldgotonight.Ihaveallthishomeworktodo.M:Iwasreallylookingforwardtoseeingthismovie.CanIdosomethingtohelpyou?W:Thatwouldbegreat!Couldyouhelpmewiththesemathproblems?M:Ithinkso—ifIcanrememberwhatIlearnedinschool.Itwasalongtimeago,youknow.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeintheNortheastofEngland?A.Dryandcold. B.Warmandwindy. C.Mistyandrainy.18.WhatwillthetemperaturebeinWales?A.Aroundsixorsevendegrees.B.Aroundthreeorfourdegrees.C.Aroundtenorelevendegrees.19.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeintheMidlands?A.Hot. B.Fine. C.Windy.20.WhatwillthelowesttemperaturebeinNorthernIreland?A.Minusten. B.Minusfive. C.Minusfour.【答案】17.A18.B19.B20.A【解析】【原文】Here’stheweatherforecastforthenexttwentyfourhours.I’lldividethecountryintofour,startingwiththeNorthwestandtheNortheastofEngland.Well,there’llbesomeearlymorningmist,andafterthatit’llbemainlydryandsunny,withatemperatureofaroundsixorseven.Itshouldstaydryallday,butthere’llbequiteawind.AndnowtheSouthwestandWales.Youcanexpectsomeraininthemorningandintheafternoon.Theremightbesomestorms,aswell,withthunderandlightning.Thetemperaturewillbelowerthanyesterday,aroundthreeorfourdegrees.Idon’tthinkyou’llseemuchsun.Cloudyallday,I’mafraid.TheSoutheastandtheMidlandswillseethebestoftoday’sweather.It’llbewarmerthanyesterday,nowindandsunshinenearlyallday,withthetemperaturearoundtenoreleven,soit’squitewarmforthistimeofyear.InScotlandandNorthernIreland,however,there’llbeaheavyrainandmaybesomesnowduringtheafternoon,andonthehillsthetemperaturewilldroptobelowfreezing,minusfourorfive,andonthehighestspotsitmaydroptominusten.Andthat’sallfromme.Thankyouforlistening.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AWHENCHOCOLATEBEESAWORKOFART!Chocolateisdelicious,weallknowthat.Butitisn’tjustforeating,asthesechocolateworksofartclearlyshow.ChocolateMailboxIn2011,chocolatepanyGodivamadeachocolatemailboxwithwhitetruffleheartstocelebrateValentine’sDay.ThemailboxwasondisplayatitsshoponFifthAvenueinNewYorkCity.Customerscouldposttheirlovelettersthere,andthepanywouldstampandmailthemforfreeduringthethreeweeksleadinguptoValentine’sDay.ChocolateCouchIn2009,chocolatepanyGalaxyused250kgoftheirownchocolatetomakeachocolatecouch.Thecouchwasapartoftheir“IrresistibleReads”campaign,whichwasdesignedtopromotereading.ItwasputondisplayinVictoriaEmbankmentGardensinLondon.PhotosweretakenofBritishTVactressEmiliaFoxsittingonthecouchreadingabook.ChocolateHotelSuiteIn2011,FrenchchocolatierPatrickRogerworkedwithfashioniconKarlLagerfeld.Theroom,attheLaReservehotelinParis,hadachocolatecarpet,chocolatebedandchocolatenightstandfullofchocolatebooks.SittingonthebedwasachocolatemaneatingaMagnumicecream.ChocolateTreeIn2012,PatrickRogermadeafivemetretreefromfivetonsofchocolate.Thesculpture,whichwasatRoger’sshopinParis,evenhadchocolatemonkeyshangingfromchocolatebranches.RogerwantedtoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfacingAfricanwildlife.21.HowmuchchocolatewasneededtomakeaChocolateCouchaccordingtothepassage?A.600kg. B.250kg. C.5tons. D.12meters.22.Whichofthefollowingappealstowildlifeprotectorsmost?A.ChocolateWall. B.ChocolateHotelSuite.C.ChocolateTree. D.ChocolateMailbox.23.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanthepassagebefound?A.Sports. B.Science. C.Culture. D.Fashion.【答案】21.B22.C23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个用巧克力制成的艺术品。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“ChocolateCouch”下面的“In2009,chocolatepanyGalaxyused250kgoftheirownchocolatetomakeachocolatecouch.(2009年，巧克力公司Galaxy用250千克自己的巧克力制作了一张巧克力沙发。)”可知，巧克力沙发需要250千克的巧克力。故选B。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据“ChocolateTree”下面的“RogerwantedtoraiseawarenessoftheproblemsfacingAfricanwildlife.(Roger希望提高人们对非洲野生动物面临的问题的认识。)”可知，Roger制作巧克力树是为了让人们关注非洲野生动物面临的问题，这与动物保护有关，由此可推测，这最有可能吸引野生动物保护者。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Chocolateisdelicious,weallknowthat.Butitisn’tjustforeating,asthesechocolateworksofartclearlyshow.(巧克力很美味，我们都知道。但正如这些巧克力艺术品清楚地表明的那样，这不仅仅是为了吃。)”并结合下文可知，本文主要介绍了四个用巧克力制成的艺术品，这属于文化范畴，因此最有可能在报纸的“文化”栏目找到。故选C。BLosinganeyemightbeanunthinkablething,especiallyforayoungwoman,butnotforXintong.Shechosetobeeanocularist(义眼师)whomakesprostheticeyes(义眼)forherselfandpeopleinthesamesituationtohelpthemgetbacktheirconfidence.Xintongisthenamethatshegavetoherself–whichshepreferspeopletocallherinsteadofherrealname–because“xintong”inChinesesoundslike“newpupils”.Nearly10yearsafterlosingherrighteyeinacaraccident,28yearoldXintongfromBeijingtransformedthehollowofhereyesocket–a“flaw”sheusedtohide–intoafashionstatement.Shesharedashortvideoonlineinwhichshewearsaglowingprostheticeye.Asshewavesherhand,theprostheticeyebeginstoshinewithredlight.Withanotherwave,thelightchangestogreenandthenpurpleandwhite.Thevideosoonwentviralonsocialmedia,withmanymentspraisingherforbeing“creative”,“beautiful”and“optimistic”.Butthatwasn’tthecase10yearsago.“TheprostheticeyeIworeatthattimewastorturingme,”Xintongsaid.“Ithurtandgavemearedandswolleneyesocket,anditlookedsodullandfake.IwasyoungandIwantedtolookattractive.”Shetookmattersintoherownhandsandbeganresearchingprostheticeyes.Beginningin2019,shededicatedabouttwoyearstomasteringtheproductiontechniquesandskillsundertheguidanceofanocularist.Thisjourneyledhertoestablishherownprostheticeyestudio,providingpersonalizedservicesforthoserequiringthem.Sheproducesprostheticeyesasifsheiscreatingpiecesofartwork.“Theposition,direction,andevenstrokethicknessofthebloodstreaksontheprostheticeyeballsmatter,”theocularistsaid.Sometimesshealsopaintsspecialpatternsaccordingtocustomers’needs:twinklingstars,cartooncharacterslikeCardcaptorSakuraandeffectslikecoloredcontactlenses.NowwhenXintonghearshercustomerssaywordssuchas“Finally,Icanacceptmyself”or“NowIfeelfreetotakeselfies”,shefeelsdeeplymoved.24.WhydidXintonggivethename“Xintong”toherself?A.Toattractmorepeople. B.Toforgetherrealname.C.Tolooklikenewpupils. D.Tostartabrandnewlife.25.Whydidthevideogainmuchpopularityonsocialmedia?A.Theprostheticeyeshadvariouscolors.B.Shecuredherhollowbywavingherhand.C.Manymentspraisedherforherbeauty.D.Shechangeda“flaw”intoafashionablestate.26.WhatcanwelearnaboutXintongfromparagraph5?A.Shefailedtosetupherownprostheticeyestudio.B.Shebeganresearchingprostheticeyesonherown.C.Shewasabletooffersomespecificservicesonprostheticeyes.D.Shepaidnoattentiontograspingtheproductiontechniquesandskills.27.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Xintongisawomanwithdeterminationandcreativity.B.BeinganocularisthelpedXintonggainmuchprofit.C.Xintonglostallherhopesinherlifeafterthecaraccident.D.ManycustomersaredeeplymovedbyXintong’sartworks.【答案】24.D25.D26.C27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了义眼师昕瞳的经历。【24题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Xintongisthenamethatshegavetoherself–whichshepreferspeopletocallherinsteadofherrealname–because“xintong”inChinesesoundslike“newpupils”.(昕瞳是她给自己取的名字，她更喜欢别人叫她昕瞳，而不是她的真名，因为“昕瞳”在中文里听起来像“新学生”。)”可知，她给自己取这个名字是因为她希望开始全新的生活。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Thevideosoonwentviralonsocialmedia,withmanymentspraisingherforbeing“creative”,“beautiful”and“optimistic”.(这段视频很快在社交媒体上疯传，许多评论称赞她“有创意”、“美丽”、“乐观”。)”可知，这段视频在社交媒体上大受欢迎，是因为她把一个“缺点”变成了时髦的状态。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。由文章第五段中“Shetookmattersintoherownhandsandbeganresearchingprostheticeyes.Beginningin2019,shededicatedabouttwoyearstomasteringtheproductiontechniquesandskillsundertheguidanceofanocularist.Thisjourneyledhertoestablishherownprostheticeyestudio,providingpersonalizedservicesforthoserequiringthem.(她自己动手，开始研究假眼。从2019年开始，她花了大约两年的时间在眼科医生的指导下掌握制作技术和技能。这段旅程让她建立了自己的假眼工作室，为有需要的人提供个性化的服务。)”可知，她能够提供一些关于假眼的特殊服务。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Losinganeyemightbeanunthinkablething,especiallyforayoungwoman,butnotforXintong.Shechosetobeeanocularist(义眼师)whomakesprostheticeyes(义眼)forherselfandpeopleinthesamesituationtohelpthemgetbacktheirconfidence.(失去一只眼睛可能是一件难以想象的事情，尤其是对一个年轻女子来说，但对欣彤来说却不是。她选择成为一名眼科医生，为自己和有同样情况的人制作假眼，帮助他们重拾信心。)”和倒数第二段中“Sheproducesprostheticeyesasifsheiscreatingpiecesofartwork.“Theposition,direction,andevenstrokethicknessofthebloodstreaksontheprostheticeyeballsmatter,”theocularistsaid.Sometimesshealsopaintsspecialpatternsaccordingtocustomers’needs:twinklingstars,cartooncharacterslikeCardcaptorSakuraandeffectslikecoloredcontactlenses.(她制作假眼就像在创作艺术品一样。眼科医生说:“假眼球上血痕的位置、方向，甚至笔画的厚度都很重要。”有时，她还会根据顾客的需求画一些特殊的图案：闪烁的星星、卡通人物，如CardcaptorSakura，以及彩色隐形眼镜等效果。)”可知，昕瞳是一个有决心和创造力的女人。故选A。CPeople’slikelihoodofbeingvegetarianseemstobeinfluencedbyseveralgeneticvariants,andtwoofthethreemostimportantgenesfoundsofarappeartobeinvolvedinfatmetabolism(新陈代谢).Geneticfactorsareknowntoinfluenceaspectsofdiet,suchaswhetherpeoplelikecoffeeoralcohol.Toseeifgenesalsoaffectvegetarianism,NabeelYaseenatNorthwesternUniversityinChicagoandhisteamturnedtodataonabout5300strictvegetariansand330,000meateaters.Theyfoundthatthreegenevariantsweremoremoninvegetarians.Two,calledNPC1andRMC1,areinvolvedinthetransportandmetabolismofcholesterolandotherfattymolecules.Thethirdgene,calledRIOK3,hasvariousfunctions,includingaffectingtheimmunesystem.Itisn’tknownhowthesegenesmayrelatetovegetarianism.Butoneofthechiefdifferencesbetweenanimalbasedfoodsandplantbasedonesisthechemicalmakeupoftheirfatsoroils,collectivelyknownaslipids(油脂).Yaseenconcludethatsomepeoplemayfunctionbetteronavegetariandietbecausetheyaremoreabletosynthesize(合成)certainlipidmoleculesthatarepresentinmeat.Somepeoplewhotryvegetarianismbutgiveupmaybedoingsobecausetheirbodybeesdeficientintheessentiallipids,saysYaseen.“Theydecidethatthisdietisnotforthemorgraduallygobackintoanomnivore(杂食)diet.Somepeoplemightthinktheyjustdon’thavethewillpower.”Anotherpossibilityisthattheapparentlyvegetarianismpromotinggenevariantsaffectpeople’staste.“Alotofinformationaboutgenesisyettobeknown,”Yaseensays.RichardMcIlwainattheUKVegetarianSocietysaysthenumberofvegetarianshasalmostdoubledintheUKbetween2012and2019.“Thatwouldseemtosuggestsomethingotherthanpotentialgeneticfactorsareatplay,”hesays.“Peoplegovegetarianbecause,moreandmore,theyareconcernedaboutclimate,aboutanimalwelfareorabouttheirhealth,”hesays,whicharemoreimportantdeterminantsthanphysiologicalfactors.28.What’stheeffectofRIOK3?A.Toaffectthemetabolismofcholesterol. B.Toinfluencetheimmunesystem.C.Toshiftcholesterolandfattymolecules. D.Toaffectthedietofvegetarianism.29.AccordingtoYaseen’sstudy,whoaremorelikelytoproducelipidmoleculesappearinginmeat?A.Omnivores. B.Meateaters. C.Vegetarians. D.Weightlosers.30.Whatdoestheunderlineword“deficient”inparagraph4mean?A.lacking. B.limited. C.rich. D.enough.31.WhichofthefollowingmightRichardagreemost?A.Geneticfactorsarethedecisivereasonsforbeingavegetarian.B.Thepopularityofvegetarianismhasbeenonasharpincreaseglobally.C.Peoplechoosetobeavegetarianmainlyforethicalandhealthconcerns.D.Somepeoplefailtobeavegetarianbecausetheytendtogiveuphalfway.【答案】28.B29.C30.A31.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。几种基因变异可能促使人们成为素食主义者，迄今为止发现的三种最重要的基因中有两种似乎与脂肪代谢有关。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thethirdgene,calledRIOK3,hasvariousfunctions,includingaffectingtheimmunesystem.(第三个基因被称为RIOK3，具有多种功能，包括影响免疫系统。)”可知，RIOK3可以影响免疫系统。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Yaseenconcludethatsomepeoplemayfunctionbetteronavegetariandietbecausetheyaremoreabletosynthesize(合成)certainlipidmoleculesthatarepresentinmeat.(Yaseen总结道，有些人素食可能会更好，因为他们更能合成肉类中存在的某些脂质分子。)”可知，素食主义者更能合成肉类中存在的脂质分子。故选C。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Yaseenconcludethatsomepeoplemayfunctionbetteronavegetariandietbecausetheyaremoreabletosynthesize(合成)certainlipidmoleculesthatarepresentinmeat.(Yaseen总结道，有些人素食可能会更好，因为他们更能合成肉类中存在的某些脂质分子。)”可知，有些人素食可能会更好，因为他们更能合成肉类中存在的某些脂质分子。再结合画线词所在句中的“Somepeoplewhotryvegetarianismbutgiveup”可推测出，尝试素食却放弃的人与素食时表现更好的人相比，前者应该是缺少后者更能合成的脂质分子，deficient意为“缺乏的”，与lacking意思最接近。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Peoplegovegetarianbecause,moreandmore,theyareconcernedaboutclimate,aboutanimalwelfareorabouttheirhealth,’hesays,whicharemoreimportantdeterminantsthanphysiologicalfactors.(他说：‘人们之所以吃素，是因为他们越来越关心气候、动物福利或健康，’这些都是比生理因素更重要的决定因素。)”可知，人们选择吃素是因为他们越来越关心气候、动物福利或健康，而这些因素是比生理因素更重要的决定因素，由此可推测出，人们选择成为素食主义者主要是因为关心道德和健康。故选C。DTherainforestsarealivewiththesoundofanimals.Besidesthepleasureofthedin,itisalsousefultoecologists.Ifyouwanttomeasurethebiodiversityofapieceofland,listeningoutforanimalcallsismucheasierthandiggingaboutintheundergrowthlookingfortracks.Butsuch“bioacousticanalysis”isstilltimeconsuming,anditrequiresanexpertpairofears.InapaperpublishedonOctober17thinNaturemunications,agroupofresearchersledbyJörgMüller,anecologistattheUniversityofWürzburg,describeabetterway:haveaputerdothejob.Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthatwillidentifybirds,batsormammalssimplybylisteningtothesoundstheymake.Theirideawastoapplytheprincipletoconservationwork.Theresearcherstookrecordingsfromacross43sitesintheEcuadoreanrainforest.Soundrecordingsweretakenfourtimeseveryhour,overtwoweeks.Thevariouscallswereidentifiedmanuallybyanexpert,andthenusedtoconstructalistofthespeciespresent.Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,thegreaterthebiodiversityithosted.Thenitwastheputer’sturn.Theresearchersfedtheirrecordingstoartificialintelligencemodelsthathadbeentrained,usingsoundsamplesfromelsewhereinEcuador,toidentify75birdspeciesfromtheircalls.“WefoundthattheAItoolscouldidentifythesoundsaswellastheexperts,”saysDrMüller.Ofcourse,noteverythinginarainforestmakesanoise.DrMüllerandhiscolleaguesusedlighttrapstocapturenightflyinginsects,andDNAanalysistoidentifythem.Reassuringly,theyfoundthatthediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliableproxy(指标)forthediversityofthequieterones,too.Theresultsmayhaverelevanceoutsideecologydepartments,too.Underpressurefromtheircustomers,firmssuchasL’Oreal,amakeuppany,andShell,anoilfirm,havebeenspendingmoneyonforestrestorationprojectsaroundtheworld.DrMüllerhopesthatanautomatedapproachtocheckingontheresultscouldhelpmonitorsuchefforts,andgiveastandardizedwaytomeasurewhethertheyareworkingaswellastheirsponsorssay.32.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDrMüller’smethodofbioacousticanalysis?A.Costly. B.Impractical. C.Hightech. D.Laborconsuming.33.WhatcanwelearnfromtheresearchofDrMüller?A.Thespeciesintherainforestshaveincreased.B.Agriculturalactivitynegativelyinfluencedtherichnessinspecies.C.TherearemorereliablesoundrecordingsinEcuadoreanrainforest.D.TrainedAImodelscanidentifyasmanykindsofsoundsasexperts.34.WhydidtheDrMüllerandhiscolleaguesdothesurveyinParagraph5?A.Tofigureoutthespeciesofquieteranimals.B.Toconfirmthebiodiversityofthequieteranimals.C.Toemphasizethebiodiversityofthenoisyanimals.D.Toparethenoisyanimalsandthequieterones.35.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Theinvestmentinbioacousticanalysis.B.Theimportanceofforestrestorationprojects.C.Thestandardtomeasuretheautomatedapproach.D.Theresearch’simpactonforestrestorationprojects.【答案】32.C33.B34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员发明了让计算机来进行动物声音识别的工作，解释了其工作原理以及应用情况。【32题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段中“InapaperpublishedonOctober17thinNaturemunications,agroupofresearchersledbyJörgMüller,anecologistattheUniversityofWürzburg,describeabetterway:haveaputerdothejob.(在10月17日发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一篇论文中，由维尔茨堡大学的生态学家JörgMüller领导的一组研究人员描述了一种更好的方法：让计算机来完成这项工作。)”可知，JörgMüller博士的生物声学分析方法运用了高科技。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,thegreaterthebiodiversityithosted.(正如预期那样，土地远离农业活动的时间越长，它所承载的生物多样性就越大。)”可知，农业活动对物种丰富度产生了负面影响。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。由文章第五段“Ofcourse,noteverythinginarainforestmakesanoise.DrMüllerandhiscolleaguesusedlighttrapstocapturenightflyinginsects,andDNAanalysistoidentifythem.Reassuringly,theyfoundthatthediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliableproxy(指标)forthediversityofthequieterones,too.(当然，不是雨林里的所有东西都会发出声音。JörgMüller博士和他的同事们用捕光器捕捉夜间飞行的昆虫，并通过DNA分析来识别它们。令人欣慰的是，他们发现吵闹动物的多样性也是安静动物多样性的可靠代表。)”可知，JörgMüller博士和他的同事做第5段的调查是为了确认安静动物的生物多样性。故选B。【35题详解】主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“Theresultsmayhaverelevanceoutsideecologydepartments,too.Underpressurefromtheircustomers,firmssuchasL’Oreal,amakeuppany,andShell,anoilfirm,havebeenspendingmoneyonforestrestorationprojectsaroundtheworld.DrMüllerhopesthatanautomatedapproachtocheckingontheresultscouldhelpmonitorsuchefforts,andgiveastandardizedwaytomeasurewhethertheyareworkingaswellastheirsponsorssay.(研究结果可能也与生态部门以外的部门有关。在客户的压力下，化妆品公司欧莱雅和石油公司壳牌等公司已经在世界各地的森林恢复项目上投入了资金。JörgMüller博士希望一种自动检查结果的方法可以帮助监督这些努力，并提供一种标准化的方法来衡量它们是否像赞助者所说的那样有效。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了该研究对森林恢复项目的影响。故选D。第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分,共12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Therearetwokindsofpeopleclimbingamountain.Thefirst,theyaresmiling,laughingandfullyenjoyingthejourneynomattertheefforttheyhavetaken.Anothergroup,however,theyarestruggling.Theyhavetostopandcatchtheirbreath10timesonthewayup.____36____It’stheirlifestylechoices.We’llgiveyouthreemainreasonsyourpursuitofhealthandyouththroughlifestylechoicesisanessential.Youshouldbuildastrongfoundationnow.Youprobablyknowpeoplewho’vesurvivedahorrificdisease—anditwassaidthattheirpreexistingphysicalandspiritsstrengthentheirbodiesforbattleandmadethembetterequippedtoendurestresses.That’struewiththerecentCOVID19pandemic:Severecasesaremorelikelyforthosewithpreexistingconditions,suchasobesity,diabetes,heartdisease,chroniclungdiseaseandsoon.____37____Thatis,healthychoiceswillhelppreventchronicdiseaseandsetyouupforalonglife.It’sunclearhowmanyrebootsyou’llget.Perhapsinautopian25thcenturyworld,therewillexistsomeplacesthatallowsyoutowalkintoabooth,pressafewbuttons,anderaseeverycigaretteyou’vesmoked,everycouchyou’vepotatoed,everypotatoyou’veeverfried.____38____Yourabilitytomaximizetheireffectivenesswilldependonyourmitmenttoimprovingyourbiologythroughprovenmeans:nutrition,physicalactivity,sleep,notsmoking,andstressmanagement.____39____Thehumanbrainremainsthefinalbiologicalfrontier.Soevenifscienceultimatelyallowsustocorrectourcells,genes,andothermechanismsthatmakeourbodieswork,whenyourbraingoes,youwilltoo.____40____Andthestepsarethesameasthoseyoucantaketoprotecttherestofyourbody.A.What’sthedifferencebetweenthem?B.Nomatterwhathappens,yourbrainneedsyou.C.Youhavetheabilitytochangehowyourbrainworksandreacts.D.Thesamethinkingwillapplywhenwe’retalkingaboutlongevity.E.SoyouwilldefinitelyselfengineeryourDNAswitchestoprotectyourbrain.F.Yourlongevitydependsmoreontheaggregateofwhatyoudomostofthetime.G.Butforthenearfuture,it’sfarmorelikelythatyourrebootchanceswillbelimited.【答案】36.A37.D38.G39.B40.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，想要追求健康和年轻，对于生活方式的选择是必不可少的，文章说明了三个原因。【36题详解】上文“Thefirst,theyaresmiling,laughingandfullyenjoyingthejourneynomattertheefforttheyhavetaken.Anothergroup,however,theyarestruggling.Theyhavetostopandcatchtheirbreath10timesonthewayup.(第一种，他