2023届高三英语地市新题汇编03 阅读理解说明文 解析版

2023届高三英语地市级新题快递-一模考试专辑

专题03阅读理解说明文解析版

【2023广东深圳一模】Whenputtotests,beeshavelongprovedthatthey,vegotalotmoretoofferthan

pollinating（授粉）,makinghoneyandbeingloyaltoaqueen.Thehard-workinginsectscanchangetheirbehavior

whenthingsseemdifficult,andnowsomescientistsfindthereisproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.

ScientistsfromQueenMaryUniversityofLondonperformedanexperiment,inwhichtheysetupacontainer

thatallowedbeestotravelfromtheirnesttoafeedingarea.Butalongtheway,thebeescouldchoosetopassthrough

aseparatesectionwithsomesmallwoodenballs.Over18days,thescientistswatchedasthebees"wentoutoftheir

waytorollwoodenballsrepeatedly,despitenoapparentincentive（刺激）todoso.,,

Earlierstudieshaveshownthattheblackandyellowbugsarewillingtolearnnewtricksinexchangeforfood

orotherrewards.Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientistsmadesurethebeeshadadaptedtotheirnew

homeandthattheirenvironmentwasstress-free.

Thefindingsuggeststhatlikehumans,insectsalsointeractwithobjectsasaformofplay.Alsosimilarto

people,youngerbeesseemtobemoreplayfulthanadultbees."Thisresearchprovidesastrongindicationthatinsect

mindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanWeimagine.Therearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepuɪposeof

enjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmammals（哺乳动物）andbirds,,,saidLarsChittka,aprofessorof

sensoryandbehavioralecologyatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,wholedthestudy.

Thestudy,sfirstauthor,SamadiGaIpay,whoisaPhDstudentatQueenMaryUniversityofLondon,statesthat

itismoreevidentthatbeesmaybecapableofexperiencingfeelings.ςςTheymayactuallyexperiencesomekindof

positiveemotionalstates,evenifbasic,likeotherlargeranimalsdo.Thisfindinghaseffectsonourunderstandingof

thesenseandwelfareofinsects,which,consequently,encouragesustorespectandprotectwildlifeonEarthever

more,“shesays.

8.Whatisthenewfindingaboutbees?

A.Theyarefondofhavingfun.

B.Theyarefaithfultothequeen.

C.Theyareadaptabletochanges.

D.Theyareskilledatrollingballs.

9.Howdidscientistsremoveexternalinfluencesintheexperiment?

A.Byteachingbeesnewtricks.

B.Byrewardingbeeswithfood.

C.Bymakingbeesfeelathome.

D.Bybuildingnewhomesforbees.

10.WhatareLarsChittka,swordsmainlyabout?

A.Theformsofbees,interaction.

B.Thecomplexityofbees,minds.

C.Theexamplesofmammals,play.

D.Thepurposeofmammals,enjoyment.

11.WhatdoesSamadiGalpaysayaboutthestudyresult?

A.Itbacksuppriorunderstandingofinsects.

BItrevealsreasonsforbees,positivefeelings.

C.Itdrivesresearchonanimals,emotionalstate.

D.ItcontributestowildlifeconservationonEarth.

【答案】8.A9.CIO.BlLD

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究结果表明昆虫的思维比人类想象的复杂。这项研究对

于保护昆虫有很大的作用。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话"Thehard-workinginsectscanchangetheirbehaviorwhenthingsseem

difficult,andnowsomescientistsfindthereisproofthattheyalsoliketoplay.（这种勤劳的昆虫可以在困难

的时候改变自己的行为，现在一些科学家发现有证据表明它们也喜欢玩耍）”可知，新的研究表明蜜蜂喜

欢玩耍。故选A。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段第二句话"Inthiscase,togetridofexternalfactors,scientistsmadesurethebees

hadadaptedtotheirnewhomeandthattheirenvironmentwasStreSS-free.（在这种情况下，为了摆脱外部因

素，科学家们确保蜜蜂已经适应了他们的新家，并且他们的环境没有压力）”可推知，为了消除外部因素，

他们让蜜蜂适应新家，让他们有了家的感觉，从而对环境感觉不到压力。故选C。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段LarsChittka说的话“Thisresearchprovidesastrongindicationthatinsect

mindsarefarmorecomplicatedthanweimagine.Therearelotsofanimalswhoplayjustforthepurposeof

enjoyment,butmostexamplescomefromyoungmammals（哺乳动物）andbirds,（这项研究有力地表明，昆

虫的思维远比我们想象的复杂。有很多动物只是为了享乐而玩耍，但大多数例子来自于年轻的哺乳动物和

鸟类）”可知，LarSChittka的话表明了昆虫的思维非常复杂。故选B。

【11题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段SamadiGalpay所说的话“Thisfindinghaseffectsonourunderstandingofthe

senseandwelfareofinsects,which,consequently9encouragesustorespectandprotectwildlifeonEarth

evermore.（这一发现对我们理解昆虫的感觉和福利产生了影响，从而鼓励我们更加尊重和保护地球上的野

生动物）”可知，该研究结果有助于保护地球上的野生动物。故选D。

【2023广东梅州一模】Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,declaringwith

childishgesturesthatheheldhiminCOntemPt（茂视）asanunimportantdog.thedogapologizedforbeingthisquality

ofanimalandexpressedregretinfineform,buthecontinuedstealthilytofollowthechild.

Whenthechildreachedhisdoor-step,thedogwasafewyardsbehind,movingslowlytowardhim.Hebecameso

anxiouswithshamewhenhoagainfacedthechildthatheforgotthedraggingrope.Hetripped（绊彳到）uponitand

fellforward.

Thechildsatdownonthestepandthetwohadanotherinterview.Duringitthedoggreatlyexertedhimselfto

pleasethechild.Heperformedafewplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon（尽j⅛±也）thatthechildsuddenlysawhimto

beavaluablething.Hemadeaswift,greedyCharge（猛冲）andseizedtherope.

HedraggedhisCaPtiVe（俘虏）intoahallandupmanylongstairwaysinadarkbuilding.Thedogmadewilling

efforts,buthecouldnotwalkveryskillfullyupthestairsbecausehewasverysmallandsoft,andatlastthepaceof

thechildgrewsoenergeticthatthedogbecamepanic-stricken.Inhismindhewasbeingdraggedtowardsomewhere

unknown.Hisayesgrewwildwiththeterrorofit.Hebegantowigglehisheadwildlyandtobracehislegs.

Thechildredoubledhisefforts.Theyhadabattleonthestairs.Thechildwasvictoriousbecausehewas

completelyabsorbedinhispuɪpose,andbecausethedogwasverysmall.Hedraggedhisacquirementtothedoorof

hishome,andfinallywithvictoryacrossthedoorway.

Nofamilymemberwasin.Thechildsatdownonthefloorandmadeoverturesto（向.…示好）thedog.Thesethe

doginstantlyaccepted.Hesmiledwithaffectionuponhisnewfriend.Inashorttimetheywerefirmandabiding（矢

志不渝的）comrades.

8.Whatmighthavehappenedbeforethefirstparagraph?

A.Thechildhadwantedtoownthedogforalongtime.

BThedoghadbeensomeoneelse'spetbutlosthisway.

C.Thechildhadbeenlookingforthelostdogforalongtime.

D.Thedoghadbeendrivenoutofhomebythechild,sfamily.

9.Whatdirectlymadetheboychangehismind?

A.Thedog,sapology.

B.Hisfirstinterviewwiththedog.

C.Hispityonthedog.

D.Thedog,spleasingperformance.

10.WhatcanWeknowfromparagraph4and5?

A.Theboywasnaughty.

B.Thedogwasfoolish.

C.Theboywasadevotedfriend.

D.Thedogwasafaithfulfriend.

11.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethechangeofthedog'sfeeling?

A.Frightened-relieved-anxious-happy.

B.Worried-angry-scared-delighted.

C.Guilty-anxious-nervous-pleased.

D.Angry-regretted-scared-puzzled.

【答案】8.B9.D10.All.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小狗走失后偶遇一个男孩，最终成功跟随小男孩回家的故事。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第一段"Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,

declaringwithchildishgesturesthatheheldhiminCoIItemPt（茂视）asanunimportantdog.thedog

apologizedforbeingthisqualityofanimalandexpressedregretinfineform,buthecontinuedstealthilyto

followthechild.（在回家的路上，孩子多次转过身来打那条狗，用孩子气的手势宣称他蔑视那条狗，认为它

是一条不重要的狗。狗为自己是这样的动物而道歉，并以良好的形式表示遗憾，但它继续偷偷地跟着孩

子。）”可知，孩子试图摆脱狗，而且他们在此之前并不认识，可见他们是无意间遇到的。从而推断，这条

狗曾是别人的宠物，但迷路了。小狗是丢失后才遇到男孩的。故选B。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Heperformedafewplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon（尽情地）thatthe

ChiIdSUddenIySaWhimtObeaVaIiɪablething.（它尽情地跳了几下，孩子突然觉得它很有价值。）“可知，小

狗努力的取悦男孩，使得男孩改变了主意。故选D。

10题详解】

推理判断题。文章四五两段在描述男孩拖拉小狗上楼梯的过程，看得出小男孩精力充沛，一直不懈的努力

着，尽管当时小狗是有点害怕的，但小男孩没有停止自己的行为，可见这个男孩子有点调皮。故选A。

【11题详解】

推理判断题。狗的心情和它的遭遇是一致的，第一段狗尽管被嫌弃但还是跟着，心情是有点罪恶感的，从

apologized可以看出；第二段出现了anxiousandshamed,可见狗的心情是紧张羞愧；第三段狗取悦小孩；

四五段就是狗被带上楼梯的过程，从PalIiCTtriCkelI可以看出，狗因为未知的地方感到害怕；最后一段狗

和小孩已经交好，推断出心情愉悦。故选C。

D

[2023广东梅州——模】Whilemostofusareneverwithoutoursmartphonesrobotsmayalsosoonbecome

essentialcompanions.ItcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedbyresearchersinJapan,who

developedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchasinjections（注射）andotherunpleasant

therapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainstanxiety.Onbeingsubjectedtoamoderateheat

StimUIUS（刺激），thestudyparticipantswhoworetherobotexperiencedlesspainthaninthetestsinwhichtheydid

notweartherobot.

DuringthecampaigntoencouragevaccinationagainstCOVID-19,publichealthofficialsrecognizedthatsome

peoplearesimplyafraidofneedles,whichcontributedtoreducedvaccinationrates.Whiletheproblemsofpatient

anxietyandpainduringmedicalprocedureshavebeenwellstudiedthereremainsaneedtotestandimplement

solutionstohelppatients.

Thesoftfur-coveredrobotthescientistscalledReliebowasdesignedtobeattachedtotheparticipant'shand.

Theresearcherstesteditseffectivenessundervariousconditionsbasedontheclenchingoftheparticipant,shand,

whileapplyingthepainfulthermalstimulustotheotherarmthatwasnotbeingusedtoholdtherobot.The

researchersfoundthatholdingtherobothelpedrelievetheexperienceforpatientsregardlessoftheexperimental

conditionsused,andconcludedthatthefeelingsofwell-beingthatcanbecreatedbyhumantouchmayhavealso

beenactivatedbytherobot.tςItiswellknownthatinterpersonaltouchcanreducepainandfear,andWebelievethat

thiseffectcanbeachievedevenwithnonlivingsoftrobots,,,statesProfessorTanaka.

Thismaybeusefulwhenactualhumancontactisnotfeasible,suchasduringpandemics.Futureversionsofthe

robotmightuseacontrolledgazeorevenAR（augmentedreality）technologiestohelpbuildaconnectionwiththe

patientordistractthemfrompainperceptioninvarioussituations.

12.Whatisthepurposeoftherobot?

A.Toassistdoctorsininjectingaccurately.

B.Tohelprelievepeople,spainfrominjections.

C.Toevaluatepatients,physicalandmentalhealth.

D.ToassesstheeffectsofgettingvaccinatedagainstCOVID-19.

13.Howdoestheroboteasethepainandanxietyofthepatients?

A.Therobotisdesignedtobeattachedtothepatients,hand.

B.Therobot,ssoftfiιrgivesthepatientsafeelingsofwell-being.

C.Therobot,s4ςinterpersonaltouch''createsafeelingsofwell-being.

D.Therobotinstructstheresearcherstorelievetheexperienceforpatients.

14.Whatwillresearchersprobablydonext?

A.Developotherdevicesformedicaltreatment.

B.Carryoutmoreandmoretestsontherobot.

C.Evaluatethepossibleriskofusingtherobot.

D.Promotetheapplicationoftherobotworldwide

15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowtoReducePeople,sFearofInjections.

B.AdvancedTechnologyHelpstoCurePatients

CBeingAfraidOfNeedIesReducedVaccinationRates

D.WearableSoftRobotHelpsPeopleScareofinjections.

【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本研究人员最近进行的实验，他们开发了一种可穿戴的软

体机器人从而保护人们免受焦虑。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段"Itcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedby

researchersinJapan,whodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchas

injections（注射）andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainst

anxiety.（从日本研究人员最近进行的实验来看，似乎确实如此。他们开发了一种可穿戴的软体机器人，供

患者在治疗期间使用，如注射和其他令人不快的治疗，试图减轻他们的疼痛，保护人们免受焦虑。）”可知，

这款机器人可以减轻患者的疼痛。故选B。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Theresearchersfoundthatholdingtherobothelpedrelievetheexperience

forpatientsregardlessoftheexperimentalconditionsused,andconcludedthatthefeelingsofwell-being

thatcanbecreatedbyhumantouchmayhavealsobeenactivatedbytherobot."Itiswellknownthat

interpersonaltouchcanreducepainandfear,andwebelievethatthiseffectcanbeachievedevenwith

nonlivingsoftrobots/9statesProfessorTalIaka.（研究人员发现，无论实验条件如何，抱着机器人都有助于

缓解患者的体验，并得出结论，人类触摸所产生的幸福感可能也被机器人激活了。田中教授说：“众所周

知，人与人之间的接触可以减少疼痛和恐惧，我们相信即使是在无生命的软体机器人身上也能达到这种效

果。可知，这款机器人让人们在触摸它的时候产生了幸福感，从而缓解了疼痛和焦虑。故选C。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“FutureversionsoftherobotmightuseacontrolledgazeorevenAR

（augmentedreality）technologiestohelpbuildaconnectionwiththepatientordistractthemfrompain

perceptioninvariousSitlIatiolIS.（未来版本的机器人可能会使用控制凝视甚至AR（增强现实）技术来帮助与

患者建立联系，或在各种情况下分散他们对疼痛的感知。）”可推断，研究人员未来会开发一些其他的医疗

功能。故选A。

【15题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Itcertainlyseemssobasedontherecentexperimentsconductedby

researchersinJapan9whodevelopedawearablesoftrobotforpatientstouseduringtreatments,suchas

injections（注射）andotherunpleasanttherapiesinanattempttoeasetheirpainanddefendpeopleagainst

anxiety.OnbeingsubjectedtoamoderateheatStimIIIUS（刺激）,thestudyparticipantswhoworetherobot

experiencedlesspainthaninthetestsinwhichtheydidnotweartherobot.（从日本研究人员最近进行的实

验来看，似乎确实如此。他们开发了一种可穿戴的软体机器人，供患者在治疗期间使用，如注射和其他令

人不快的治疗，试图减轻他们的疼痛，保护人们免受焦虑。在接受适度的热刺激时，佩戴机器人的研究参

与者比不佩戴机器人的测试参与者感受到的疼痛要少。户及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种可穿戴的软体

机器人，它们可以帮助那些害怕注射的人们，以缓解他们的焦虑。所以“WearableSoftRobOtHdPSPeoPle

SCareofinjeCtkmS.（可穿戴软机器人帮助人们避免打针。）”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。

[2023ill东荷泽一模]You,veorderedanewpairofshoesonline.Theyarrive;yourushtothefrontdoorand

carrytheboxasyouopenit.Youuntiethelaces,guidethemtowardyourfeetandtheydon,tfit.

So,backintheboxtheygoandanhourlateryoudropthematthelocalcollectionsstore.Ifsdisappointing.The

shoeshaveneverbeenwornandthey,llbemakingtheirwaytoanewhomesoon.Right?Wrong.

Whatdoeshappentoourgoodswhenweorderonlineandthenreturnthem?Therealityisthatmuchofit

simplyendsupinlandfill（垃圾场）.Eachyear,5billionpoundsofwasteisgeneratedthroughreturnsintheworld.

IntheUSalone,customersreturnapproximately3.5billionproducts,ofwhichonly20%areactuallyfaulty

accordingtoOptoro,acompanywhichspecializesintacklingthereturns.

Itturnsoutthatreturnscreatearealheadacheforcompanies.Manycompaniessimplydon,thavethe

technologytohandlethesefaultsinreturnedgoods,soitisoftenmostprofitableforthemtosellthemcheaplyto

discountersviaawebofshipping,drivingandflyingthemaroundtheglobe,ortosimplytruckthemtothedump.

Optoro,ssoftwarehelpsretailers（零售商）andmanufacturersresellunsoldgoodsmoreeasily.Theyoffera

numberofoptionsforretailers,includingawebsitetoreselltheirgoods,calledBlinq,aswellashelpingwith

re-routinggoodstodonation,storeshelves,AmazonoreBay.Theyestimatetheirworkhelpsreducelandfillwaste

by70%.

AnnStarodaj,SeniorDirectorofSustainabilityatOptoro,saysthatwhileconsumerhabitsmightstillbe

harmful,creatingaprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendlyfashionmodelfromstarttofinishisthewayforward.ςςI

don,tthinkpeoplearegoingtostopbuyingstuff,butcreatingabusinessmodelwhereyou,remakingiteasierfor

themtomakesustainablechoicesisveryimportant.^^

8.WhatarethestatisticsinParagraph3about?

A.Wastedisposal.B.Goodsdelivery.

C.ClothingFashion.D.Wastereturns.

9.Whydoreturnsbecomearealheadacheforcompanies?

A.Verylittleprofitcanbemade.B.Relatedtechnologyisnotavailable.

C.Goodsaredamagedonpurpose.D.Noplacescanbefoundtoburythem.

10.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Adifficulttask.B.Amarketingplan.

C.Apracticalsolution.D.Aproducingprocess.

11.WhatdoesAnnStarodajwanttoconvey?

A.Returnsareeasytodealwith.

B.Peopleshouldstopbuyinggoodsonline.

C.Consumerhabitsbringaboutharmfulresults.

D.Itisvitaltocreateasustainablebusinessmodel.

【答案】8.D9.BIO.CU.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。每年都有大量网购退货造成的垃圾，由此带来的问题非常棘手，对此人们提出

了许多建议和可行方案。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句"Eachyear,5billionpoundsofwasteisgeneratedthroughreturnsinthe

world.IntheUSalone,customersreturnapproximately3.5billionproducts,ofwhichonly20%are

actuallyfaultyaccordingtoOptoro,acompanywhichspecializesintacklingthereturns4每年，全世界有50

亿磅的垃圾是退货产生的。据专门处理退货问题的OPtoro公司称，仅在美国，客户就退货了大约35亿件

产品，其中只有20%是有问题的。）”可知，第3段的统计数字是来说明退货产生大量垃圾的。故选D。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段第二句中的"Manycompaniessimplydon'thavethetechnologytohandlethese

faultsinreturnedgoods,,soitisoftenmostprofitableforthemtosellthemcheaplytodiscountersviaaWeb

ofshipping,drivingandflyingthemaroundtheglobe,ortosimplytruckthemtothedump.（许多公司根本

没有技术来处理退货中的这些错误的技术，因此，对他们来说，最有利可图的方式往往是通过全球运输、

驾驶和空运网络，将它们廉价卖给折扣店，或者干脆用卡车把它们运到垃圾场。）”可知，由于相关技术的

缺乏，退货成为公司真正头疼的问题。故选B。

【10题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句"Optoro'ssoftwarehelpsretailers（零售商）andmanufacturersresell

unsoldgoodsmoreeasily.Theyofferanumberofoptionsforretailers,includingawebsitetoreselltheir

goods,calledBlinq9aswellashelpingwithre-routinggoodstodonation,storeshelves,AmazonoreBay.

Theyestimatetheirworkhelpsreducelandfillwasteby70%.（Optoro的软件可以帮助零售商和制造商更容

易地转售未售出的商品。他们为零售商提供了多种选择，包括一个名为BHnq的转售商品的网站，以及帮

助将商品重新安排到捐赠、商店货架、亚马逊或eBay上。他们估计他们的工作有助于减少70%的垃圾填

埋。户可知，第五段主要是讲一个实用的解决退货的办法——OPtorO软件。故选C。

[11题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“AnnStarodaj9SeniorDirectorofSustainabilityatOptoro,says

thatwhileconsumerhabitsmightstillbeharmful,creatingaprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly

fashionmodelfromstarttoΩnishisthewayforward（Optoro的可持续发展高级总监ΛnnStarodaj说虽然

消费者的习惯可能仍然有害，但从头到尾创造一种有利可图且环保的时尚模式是前进的方向）”和第二句中

的“creatingabusinessmodelwhereyou,remakingiteasierforthemtomakesustainablechoicesisvery

important（创造一种商业模式，让他们更容易做出可持续的选择是非常重要的）”可知，AnnStarodaj想要

传达的是创建一个可持续的有利可图且环保的商业模式是至关重要的。故选Do

D

[2023山东荷泽一模1Oneperson,shappinesscausesachainreactionthatbenefitsnotonlytheirfriends,but

theirfriends,friends,andtheirfriends,friends,friends.Theeffectlastsforuptooneyear.Theopposite,

interestingly,isnotthecase:Sadnessdoesnotspreadthroughsocialnetworksasstronglyashappiness.Happiness

appearstolovecompanymoresothanmiseιy.

Focusingon4,739individuals,ChristakisandFowler,whoco-authoredthisstudy,observedmorethan50,000

socialandfamilytiesandanalyzedthespreadOfhappinessthroughoutthisgroup.Theresearchersfoundthatwhen

anindividualbecomeshappy,afriendlivingwithinamileexperiencesa25percentincreasedchanceofbecoming

happy.Aco-residentspouse（酉己偶）experiencesan8percentincreasedchance,siblings（兄弟姐妹）livingwithin

onemilehavea14percentincreasedchance,andfornext-doorneighbors,34percent.Buttherealsurprisecame

withindirectrelationships.Again,whileanindividualbecominghappyincreaseshisfriend,schances,afriendof

thatfriendexperiencesanearly10percentchanceofincreasedhappiness,andafriendofthatfriendhasa5.6

percentincreasedchance.

Theresearchersalsofoundthat,contrarytowhatyourparentstaughtyou,popularitydoesleadtohappiness.

Peopleinthecenteroftheirnetworkgroupsarethemostlikelypeopletobecomehappy,andthentherearechances

thatincreasetotheextentthatthepeoplesurroundingthemalsohavelotsoffriends.However,becominghappy

doesnothelpmigrateapersonfromthenetworkfringe（外围）tothecenter.Happinessspreadsthroughthenetwork

withoutchangingitsstructure.

“Imagineabird,seyeviewofabackyardparty,,,Fowlerexplains.44You,llseepeopleingroupsatthecenter,

andothersonthefringe.Thehappiestpeopletendtobetheonesinthecenter.Butsomeoneonthefringewho

suddenlybecomeshappy,saythroughaparticularexchange,doesn,tsuddenlymoveintothecenterofthegroup.He

simplystayswhereheis-onlynowhehasafarmoresatisfyingsenseofwell-being.”

Nexttime,ifyou,rehappyandyouknowit,thankyourfriends-andtheirfriends.Andwhileyou,reatit,their

friends9friends.Butifyou,resad,holdtheblame.

12.Whowillbemorelikelytobecomehappyasamanishappyaccordingtotheresearch?

A.Hiswife.B.Hisnext-doorneighbors.

C.Hisbrothersandsisters.D.Afriendofhisfriend.

13.WhydoesFowlermentionabackyardpartyinParagraph4?

A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Todescribeafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.

14.Whatdoestheresearchaimtotellus?

A.Happinesschangessocialstructures.

B.Asocialnetworkisadouble-edgedsword.

C.Happinessgoeshandinhandwithsadness.

D.Happinessspreadsthroughsocialnetworks.

15.Whatdoweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Friends,friendsmaybringyouhappiness.

B.Yourfriendsaretoblameforyoursadness.

C.Yourfriendsdecidewhetheryouarehappy.

D.Thehappiestfriendsatpartyareonthefringe.

【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了一个观点：一个人的幸福通过社交网络传播，因此一个人的幸福和朋友,

以及朋友的朋友有关。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段二三句"Theresearchersfoundthatwhenanindividualbecomeshappy,afriend

livingwithinamileexperiencesa25percentincreasedchanceofbecominghappy.Aco-residentspouse（配

偶）experiencesan8percentincreasedchance,siblings（兄弟姐妹）livingwithinonemilehavea14percent

increasedchance,andfornext-doorneighbors,34PerCent.（研究人员发现，当—个人变得快乐时，住在一

英里以内的朋友变得快乐的几率会增加25%。同居配偶的几率增加了8%,住在一英里以内的兄弟姐妹的

几率增加14%,而隔壁邻居的几率增加34%o）”可知，一个人开心的时候，最有可能因此变得开心的是

他的邻居。故选B项。

【13题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“"Imagineabird'seyeviewofabackyardparty,,,Fowlerexplains.uYou,ll

seepeopleingroupsatthecenter,andothersonthefringe.Thehappiestpeopletendtobetheonesinthe

Center…”（福勒解释道：“想象一下后院聚会的鸟瞰图，你会看到一群人在中心，其他人在边缘。最快乐

的人往往是中心的人…”）”可知，福勒提出这个聚会的目的是为了解释某个和一个网络中最开心的人的位

置相关的概念，上文第三段最后两句"However,becominghappydoesnothelpmigrateapersonfromthe

networkfringe（夕卜围）tothecenter.Happinessspreadsthroughthenetworkwithoutchangingitsstructure.

（然而，变得快乐并不能帮助一个人从网络边缘迁移到中心。幸福通过网络传播而不改变其结构。）”提出了

需要解释的观点：因为幸福通过网络传播，不改变网络的结构，因此一个人变得快乐并不会使他从网络的

边缘迁移到中心。故选B项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段后两句"However,becominghappydoesnothelpmigrateapersonfromthe

networkfringe（夕卜围）tothecenter.Happinessspreadsthroughthenetworkwithoutchangingitsstructure.

（然而，变得快乐并不能帮助一个人从网络边缘迁移到中心。幸福通过网络传播而不改变其结构。）”可知，

本研究旨在告诉读者幸福通过网络传播，即社交网络。故选D项。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Nexttime,ifyou,rehappyandyouknowit,thankyourfriends—and

theirfriends.（下一次，如果你很开心，并且你知道这一点，那就感谢你的朋友和他们的朋友。）"可知，作

者建议读者如果开心，那就得感谢朋友和朋友的朋友，可推测这是因为一个人的快乐可能是朋友或者朋友

的朋友带来的。故选A项。

[2023广东茂名一模】Willskippingbreakfastmakemefat?

Thegoodnewsforthosewhodon,thavebreakfastisthatputtingonweightisn,tinevitable——aslongasyou

controlthosehigh-caloriedesiresandstayactive.

Researchshowsthatalthoughavoidingbreakfastwillmakeyouhungrierandyoumightmakeupforthatwith

abiggerlunch,thiswon,tnecessarilymakeyouςςfattef,—onaverage,thosewhoskipbreakfastdon,teatmore

acrossthewholedaythaniftheydidn,tskipit.Someresearchershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewercalories

overall,andendupusingyourbody,sfatreservesforenergy,whichcanactuallyhelpyouloseweight.

However,weightisn,ttheonlyconsideration:studiesshowthatbreakfast-skippersarelikelytoexerciseless.

Thismaybebecausetheyhavelowerenergyɪevels-aftereighthoursorsowithoutfood,thebodywillhaveusedup

mostofitsstoresofeasy-to-accessenergyduringsleep.Morningfostersarealsomorelikelytohaveunhealthy,but

appetite-suppressinghabits,suchassmokingordrinkingalotofcoffee.

Ifyouwanttoensurethatyoueataregular,nutritiousbreakfast,trypreparingitthenightbeforedon,tleaveit

untilthemorning,whenyourbrainstrugglestomakegooddecisions.

Ifyoudoskipbreakfast...

≡Don,tmakeupforitwithahugelunch,otherwiseyou,llsufferovereating.

■Makesureyoueatsomethingbeforeyouexercise,oryouriskfcςhittingthewalΓ,.

≡Don,tmakeupforlackofenergywithcoflee-itcanmakeyouloseyourappetiteandmakeyouanxiousand

nervous.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inevitable“meaninParagraph2?

A.Unbelievable.B.Unavoidable.C.Uncomfortable.D.Unbearable.

9.Whydosomebreakfast-skippersloseweight?

A.Theydomoreexercise.B.Theystayactiveallday.

C.Theyreservetheirbodyfat.D.Theytakeinfewercalories.

10.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Aimsofthestudies.B.Waysoflosingweight.

C.Effectsofskippingbreakfast.D.Suggestionsforbreakfast-skippers.

11.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetowardsskippingbreakfast?

A.Objective.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Doubtful.

【答案】8.B9.DIO.C11.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文中主要就不吃早餐是否会变胖的问题展开论述，引用了各种研究结果和发现。

【8题详解】

词句猜测题。根据后文“aslongasyoucontrolthosehigh-caloriedesiresandstayactive.（只要你控制对高热

量食物的渴望并保持活跃）”可知，只要控制对高热量食物的渴望并保持活跃，对于那些不吃早餐的人来说，

好消息是体重并不是不可避免的，故画线词意思是“不可避免的”。故选B。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“Someresearchershavefoundthatyoumayeveneatfewercaloriesoverall,and

endupusingyourbody,sfatreservesforenergy,whichcanactuallyhelpyouloseweight.（一些研究人员发

现，你甚至可以摄入更少的卡路里，最终利用身体的脂肪储备来获取能量，这实