语言练习册二章及答案

第二章：转折PassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,select第二章：转折PassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,selecttheanswerthatmostlogicallycompletesthetextandthentranslatecompletedtextinto1. .Unfortunately,alternativescenariosdonothingtochangethecoldB.C.要是他父母没那么固执己见，这个孩子的命运本并不需要这么惨。因为他的父母固执己见，这个孩子的命运十分惨淡。这个孩子的命运多舛，纯粹是因为父母固执己见翻译 2.Inthissinglevolume,Kennyaimstosurveyforthegeneralreaderallofancientphilosophy.Understandably,spaceinsuchabookisatapremium,andheisnottobefaultedforminor .Asitis,newcomerstothesubjectwillhavesenseoftheafterlifeenjoyedbyancientphilosophyintheperiod1600-B.鉴于此，虽 没能展现出古代哲学对其之后哲学传统的影响，这是无可厚非的。然而，要是Kenny能更有效的展现出古代哲学对其之后哲学传统的影响的话他本可以大提高这书的价值C.虽然Kenny没能有效展现出古代哲学对其之后哲学传统的影响，但这不能抵消掉这本书的巨大价值。翻译 TaskII–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.HistorianF.W.Maitlandobservedthatlegaldocumentsarethebest—indeed,oftentheonly—availableevidenceabouttheeconomicandsocialhistoryofagivenperiod.Why,then,hasittakensolongforhistorianstofocussystematicallyonthecivil(noncriminal)lawofearlymodern(sixteenth-toeighteenth-century)England?Maitlandofferedonereason:thesubjectrequiresresearchersto“masteranextremelyformalsystemofpleadingandprocedure.”YetthecomplexitiesthatconfrontthosewhowouldstudysuchmaterialsarenotwhollydifferentfromthoserecentlysurmountedbyhistorianscriminallawinEnglandduringthesameHistorianshadneglectedthecivillawofearlymodernEnglandforalongMaitlandbelievedthatthereasonforhistorians’lackoffocusonthecivillawofearlymodernEnglandwasthecomplexityofthesubject.Historianshadfocusedsystematicallyonthestudyofcriminallawofearlymodern2.Anotherpossibleexplanationforhistorians’neglectofthesubjectistheirwidespreadassumptionmostpeopleinearlymodernEnglandhadlittlecontactwithcivillaw.Ifthatwereso,thehistoryoflegalmatterswouldbeoflittlerelevancetogeneralmostpeopleinearlymodernEnglandhadlittlecontactwithcivillaw.Ifthatwereso,thehistoryoflegalmatterswouldbeoflittlerelevancetogeneralhistoricalscholarship.Butrecentresearchsuggeststhatcivillitigationduringtheperiodinvolvedartisans,merchants,professionals,shopkeepers,andandnotmerelyanarrow,propertied,maleRecentresearchsuggeststhatalotofpeoplehadcontactwithcivilRecentresearchsuggeststhathistoriansdidnotassumethatearlymodernEnglishpeoplegenerallydidnothaveintensecontactwithcivillaw.Recentresearchsuggeststhatthereasonforhistorians’neglectofthesubjectisnottheirthatmostpeopleinearlymodernEnglandhadlittlecontactwithcivilTaskIII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwritten(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–TranslateeachsentenceintoEnglishusingthesuggestedwordsand1.你只要翻开一本中学历史教科书就很容易发现人性的善与恶从人类文明诞生之初起就几乎没有发生过什么变化。(haveonlyto…2.随意踏上一辆地铁列车，你就很容易注意到形形色色的人群，什么年龄性别种族肤色都不重要，所有人都低头盯着手机，就好像周围人都完全不存在似的。(ha onlyto…TaskII–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.ThisisnottodenythattheBlackgospelmusicoftheearlytwentiethcenturydifferedinwaysfromtheslavespirituals.Nevertheless,improvisationremainedcentraltogospelImprovisationiscentraltoslaveGospelmusicandslavespiritualssharethingsinGospelmusicandslavespiritualsaremoredifferentthantheyareTaskIII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyouPassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,selecttheanswerthatmostlogicallycompletesthetextandthentranslatecompletedtextinto1.Themovieusesadocumentaryapproachinportraying1.Themovieusesadocumentaryapproachinportrayingthefamoussit-downstrike. .InpracticeitscharactersareheavilyfictionalizedandfallintofamiliarHollywoodB.C.至少它的制片人是这么想的。至少它的制片人不是这么想的。它的制片人也这么认为。翻译 TaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitsandphrasesasyouPassageTaskI–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.Animalslivelongerwhentheircalorieintakeisrestrictedtotwo-thirdsofwhatisconsiderednormalfortheirspecies.Thisphenomenonwaslongattributedtoasimpleslowingofmetabolism.Infact,however,calorierestrictiondoesnotslowmammalianPeopleusedtobelievethattheslowingofmetabolismcouldbeapositiveinfluenceonanimals’heaPeopleusedtobelievethatreductionofcalorieintakecouldreducetherateofAsitturnsout,animalsdonotnecessarilylivelongerwhentheircalorieintakeisrestrictedtotwo-thirdsofwhatisnormal.TaskII–ReferTaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)PassageTaskI–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.Astronomersstudyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthesupernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight,becauseitwouldfilteroutbluelightmorethanred,causingthesupernovastoappearredderthantheyreallyIfthefaintingofsupernovawereindeedcausedbycosmicdust,thesupernovawouldhaveappearedredderthantheyreallyare.Sincethesupernovadonotappearredderthantheyreallyare,cosmicdustisnotscreeningoutitssufficientlyenoughtomakeitlookSincethesupernovaappearredderthantheyreallyare,cosmicdustisnotthekeytounderstandingthedimmingofthesupernova.2.Astronomersstudyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthesupernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight,becauseunlessspreadverysmoothlythroughoutthedustwouldintroducelargevariationsintheIfthecosmicdustisspreadsmoothlythroughoutspace,itmayindeedintroducelargevariationsinthemeasurement.Ifthecosmicdustisspreadsmoothlythroughoutspace,thecosmicdustmayindeedbescreeningoutsomeofthesupernova’slight.Scientistsruledoutthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelightbasedonthelargevariationsinthe3.Astronomersstudyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthesupernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight.Anotherpossibilityisgravitationallensing,thebendingoflightraysastheyskirtgalaxiesenroute.Suchlensingoccasionallycausesbrightening,butmostoftenitcontributestothedimnessofdistantsupernovas.Calculationsshow,however,thatthiseffectimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthesupernovasGravitationallensingcouldpossiblydimcertainGravitationallensingisnotthereasonwhythestudiedsupernovaappeardimmerthanexpected,becauseitseffectisnotsignificantenoughforsupernovasthisnear.GravitationallensingisnotthereasonwhythestudiedsupernovaappeardimmerthanexpectedisititactuallybrightensthesupernovainTaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)第二章：转折PassageTaskI–For第二章：转折PassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,selecttheanswerthatmostlogicallycompletesthetextandthentranslatecompletedtextinto1.A.Thechild’sfateneednothavebeensomiserable,hadhisparentswerelessstubbornin2.B.However,Kennywouldhaveaddedsignificantlytohisbook’svaluehadhemoresignaledtheinfluenceofancientphilosophyonthesubsequentTaskII–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.2.TaskIII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwritten(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleLegaldocumentsaresurelyabestapproachtohistoricstudy;however,historiansonlyrecentlybeganinvestigatingcivillawoftheearlymodernEngland.HistorianMaitlandresortedtothecomplexityofcivillawstudytoaccountforthisapparentcontradiction.Unfortunately,thisexplanationisafailurebecausecriminallaw,anequallydauntingtask,hasalwaysbeenthecenterofhistorians’attention.AmoreprobablepossibilityisthathistorianshavewronglyassumedthatpeopleoftheearlymodernEnglanddidnotengagewithcivillitigationintheirnormallife.Asitturnedout,suchengagementwasquitewidespread.Unfortunately,sincehistoriansgenerallyfailedtoseethiscloseconnectionbetweenordinarypeopleandcivillitigation,theirneglectofthesubjectwasquitePassageTaskI–TranslateeachsentenceintoEnglishusingthesuggestedwordsand1.Onehasonlytoopenahighschoolhistorybooktoknowthathumanity,itsvirtueandvice,hasremainedconstanteversincethefirsthumancivilizationwas2.Onehasonlytostep2.Onehasonlytostepontoasubwaytraintoobserveallkindsofpeople,regardlessoftheirrace,skincolorandage,allwithacellphoneintheirhands,facingdownwardatthescreenforsolongasifnobodyelsearoundthemexisted.TaskII–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.TaskIII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwritten(Note:youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleBlackgospelmusicandslavespiritualsspringfromthesametradition.Tobesure,thetwodivergeinimportantways,gospelmusicbeingspreadbyprofessionalswhileslavespiritualsbeingcompletelyfolkgenerated.Thatbeingsaid,gospelmusic,justlikeslavespirituals,holdsimprovisationasitskeyelement.Itsrejectionofoverdependenceonmusicalscore,itsadoptionofjazz’sheadarrangement,itswayofpublishingallattesttosuchanemphasisonPassageTaskI–Foreachquestion,selecttheanswerthatmostlogicallycompletesthetextandthentranslatecompletedtextinto1.A.AtleastsomaintainsitsTaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleWhereasTocquevilleholdsthatJacksonianAmericawasafluidandegalitariansocietywherepeople’sclasscanalter,E.Pessenarguesotherwisethatitsveryrichprovidesacounterpointtothissanguineoutlook.Whilethereisnodenyingthathisampleevidenceofanextraordinarilywealthysocialclasswasirrefutableonitsown,itfailstoserveassufficienttestimonytothepurportedlypervasiveandlastinginequalityduringJacksonianPassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitsandphrasesasyouSampleandphrasesasyouSampleResearchershavealwaysbelievedthatMarsneverexperiencedwetandwarmclimatebasedontheapparentlackofweatheredmaterialonMartiansurface.TheconclusionreliesontheassumptionthatwaterwouldsurelyhaveweatheredthesurfaceandasaconsequencewouldhavecreatedhydratedAsitturnsout,theoldbeliefwassimplyaresultofsufficientlyaccurateobservation.RecentwithimprovedtechnologyhassuccessfullyrevealedplentyofweatheredmaterialonMartiansurfaceandconsequentlyputtheearlierbeliefintoquestion.PassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleSomearchaeologistsassumethatpeoplefirstsettledintheAmericasbetween40,000to25,000yearsago.Renderingtheassumptiondubiousisthelackofhabitationsitesdiscoveredofthatperiod.InsharpcontrastisthatinAustralia,wherethelandarea,thepopulationdensityandaridityallworkagainstdiscoveringthesesites,archaeologistshavesuccessfullyexcavatedtheneededevidence,therebycorroboratingtheclaimthatthelandwascolonized40,000yearsago.Toexplainawaythiscontrast,archaeologistscouldintheoryattributeAmericas’lackofsitestopostglacialsealevelrise,whichcouldhavesubmergedcoastalevidence.Unfortunately,thesameproblemwouldalsoexistforAustralia,andyetitclearlydidnoteliminateallevidence.IfthearchaeologistscouldshowthattheAustralianslivedinhinterlandwhereastheAmericansresidedmainlyincoastalregionsandhencesufferedheavierfromtheglobalsealevelelevation,thentheirpurportedtimeframecouldstillobtain.Unfortunatelyagain,giventhevastamountofresource-richriversleadinginlandinAmerica,thepossibilityofAmericanscompletelyconfinedalongthecoastsseemsclosetozero.Alloftheabovereasoningcouldthereforeleadtotheexpectationthat,everythingbeingequal,habitationsitesshouldmorelikelyappearintheAmericasthaninAustralia.Sincenosuchsitesisyetfound,itishighlylikelythatthearchaeologists’assumptionisPassageTaskI–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshouldbeasfaithfultotheoriginallineofreasoningaspossiblewhilereplacingasmanyofitswordsandphrasesasyoucan.)SampleTheYoungerDryaswaslongbelievedtohaveresultedfromthereleaseofwaterfromGlacialLakeAgassiz.However,recentlyitturnedoutthatthereleasetookplacelongaftertheYoungerDryas.Inaddition,thoughthereleasecouldhaveinfluencedtemperaturechange,thescalewouldnothavebeensufficienttoTheYoungerDryaswaslongbelievedtohaveresultedfromthereleaseofwaterfromGlacialLakeAgassiz.However,recentlyitturnedoutthatthereleasetookplacelongaftertheYoungerDryas.Inaddition,thoughthereleasecouldhaveinfluencedtemperaturechange,thescalewouldnothavebeensufficienttoaccountforthevastchangetakingplaceduringYoungerDryas.BothpiecesofinformationwouldconsequentlymeanthatthiswidelyacceptedtheoryisactuallyquitePassageTaskI–Thefollowingsegmentsareexcerptedfromthepassage.Choosetheanswerthatcanreliablybedrawnfromtheauthor’slineofreasoning.Chooseallthat1.TaskII–Refertoyournotesinclassandrewritethewholepassageusingformalwrittenlanguage.youshoul