新高考新教材广西专版2024届高考英语二轮总复习核心语法必备专题四冠词代词和介词课件

核心语法必备专题四冠词、代词和介词英语内容索引要点精讲•破疑解难对点演练•精准提升要点精讲•破疑解难重点一冠词考点1

不定冠词a/an的用法

1.a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前,如:anhonestman,auniversity2.泛指

“一个”,如:anEnglishlecture,aprofessor3.表示类别,指一类人或物,如:Ahorsecanrunfast.4.表示

“(每)一个”,相当于per,each,every5.表示

“某一个人或物”,相当于some或acertain,如:aMrGreen6.用于固定短语中,如:asarule,inaway,inahurry,inamoment,keepaneyeon考点2

定冠词the的用法

1.用于特指、双方都知道的或上文提到的人或物2.用于单数可数名词前表示一类人或物3.用于表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前4.用于形容词或副词的最高级前5.用于序数词前表示顺序6.用于乐器名词前、姓氏的复数前(表示全家人或夫妇)、表示年代的名词前,如:theBrowns,inthe1970s7.用于某些形容词或分词前表示一类人或物,如:therich,theyoung8.用于某些江、河、海、洋、海湾、山脉、群岛等专有名词前,如:theYangtzeRiver9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前,如:theHistoryMuseum,theUniversityofWashington10.用于固定短语中,如:ontheright,attheageof,onthewhole,inthelongrun考点3

不用冠词的情况

1.不可数名词或复数名词表示泛指时不用冠词2.物质名词或抽象名词前不用冠词,如:water,luck3.有些专有名词(人名、国家、城市、街道、山峰、湖泊等)前不用冠词,如:China,Qingdao,MountTai4.表示季节、月份、星期及节日、假日的名词前不用冠词,但特指季节、日期和传统中国节日时多使用定冠词,如:theSpringFestival,thespringofBeijing5.表示三餐、球类或棋类运动等的名词前不用冠词6.表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词7.表示职位、头衔、称呼的名词做表语、宾语补足语或同位语时不用冠词8.在表示使用某种交通工具的by词组中,交通工具名称之前通常不用冠词,如:bytaxi,byship,bybike,bysea,bywater,byair9.在

“名词+and+名词”和

“名词+介词+名词”形式的习语中,名词前通常不用冠词,如:facetoface,handinhand10.在某些固定短语中不用冠词,如:athomeandabroad,indebt重点二代词考点1

人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的功能和形式

类别人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性功能主语宾语、表语

定语主语、表语、宾语宾语、表语、同位语第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves考点2

反身代词的习惯用法

与介词搭配byoneself独自地foroneself替自己;为自己与动词搭配applyoneselfto专心致志于behaveoneself举止得体dressoneself打扮;自己穿衣devoteoneselfto致力于;献身于helponeselfto随便吃/用enjoyoneself玩得开心seatoneself就座teachoneself自学考点3

it的用法

1.it的基本用法用法例句指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等Itisearlyspring,butitisalreadyhot.现在是初春,但是天气已经很热了。指代前面提到过的事物或代替指示代词Thatvaseisvaluable.Itismorethan200yearsold.那个花瓶很珍贵,它有200多年的历史。指不知性别的婴儿或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知道对方是谁)Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.这个婴儿饿得啼哭。

用法例句it用来代替不定式、动词-ing形式短语或名词性从句做形式主语或形式宾语Ihavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.我已经讲得很清楚了,任何人都不准在此吸烟。2.it做形式主语或形式宾语的常用句型

it做形式主语Itisapity/shamethat...真可惜……Itisnowonderthat...难怪……Itseems/appearsthat...似乎/看来……Itlooks/seemsasif/though...看起来好像……Ithappensthat...碰巧……Itoccursto/comesto/strikes/hitssbthat...某人突然想起……Itissaid/reported/considered...that...据说/据报道/认为……Itiscertainthat...……是一定的。Itisnouse/gooddoing...做……没有用/好处。Ittakessbsometimetodo...做……花费某人若干时间。it做形式宾语①主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel...+it+adj./n.+for/ofsbtodo/that从句②主语+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel...+it+useless/worth/worthwhile/nouse/nogood/awasteoftime/money/energy...+doing...3.it的常用短语或句型(1)When

it

comes

tolearningEnglish,readingwidelyisofgreatimportance.当谈到学习英语,广泛阅读很重要。(2)Youcancount

on/rely

on/depend

on

it

thathewillhelpyouout.你可以相信他能帮助你摆脱困境。(3)Wefinallymade

it

totheairportthoughitwasrainy.尽管下雨,但是我们最终及时赶到了机场。(4)Assomeoneputs

it,practicemakesperfect.正如某人所说,熟能生巧。(5)Pleasesee

to

it

thatyoufastenthesafetybeltwhendriving.开车时请确保系好安全带。(6)Itake

it

thatyoudon'tagreewiththemanager.我想你不同意经理的意见。(7)It

is/has

beenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军三年了。(8)It

wasthreeyearsbeforehereturnedhome.过了三年他才回家。考点4

不定代词

1.other,

others,

the

other/others,

anotherother常与复数名词连用,如果前面有the,some,any,each,every,no以及形容词性物主代词时,也可以与可数名词单数连用others表示泛指,相当于

“other+复数名词”,可构成some...others...的搭配,意为

“一些……另一些……”the

other/others“theother+单数可数名词”特指两者中的另一个,常有one...theother...的搭配,意为

“一个……另一个……”;theothers或

“theother+复数名词”,特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,其余的人或物another指三者或三者以上中的另一个,表示泛指,后接单数名词,也可以用于

“another+数词+名词复数”,表示

“另外几个……”2.one(s),

that,

those为避免重复,one(s),that,those等都可以用来代替上文出现的名词。one(s)one代替的是前面提到的同类事物中的任何一个,相当于

“a/an+单数名词”;ones用来代替前面出现的复数名词,也表示泛指one=a/an+可数名词单数;ones=可数名词复数;theone=the+可数名词单数;that=the+可数名词单数/不可数名词;those/theones=the+可数名词复数that代替前面提到的事物,所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数,也可以是不可数名词,其前面通常不能有修饰语those代替前面提到的事物,只能指代可数名词复数,相当于theones3.both,

all,

either,

any,

neither,

none范围都任一都不两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone4.something,

anything,

nothing单词句式含义something肯定句某事;某物疑问句请求;征求意见anything条件句、否定句、疑问句任何东西;任何事物肯定句任何东西;任何事物nothing陈述句没有什么提示固定搭配:anythingbut(根本不),nothingbut(只不过;仅仅),allbut(几乎;差一点),nonebut(仅仅;只有)。everything意为

“每件事物;所有事物”,强调整体,与not连用时表示部分否定,意为

“并不是所有事物都……”。重点三介词考点1

常见介词的用法

考点2

介词短语

1.at+名词ataloss不知所措atdinner在吃晚餐atpeace处于和平状态

atwar在战争中

atwork在工作2.其他高频介词短语againsttime争分夺秒atthesightof一看到……inthefaceof面对;面临inaddition(to)除了……以外(还)incaseof万一inchargeof负责;主管infavourof赞成;支持inneedof需要innotime立刻inahurry匆忙inpreparationfor为……做准备inreturnfor作为对……的回报ofhelp/use有帮助的/有用的ofimportance重要的onbehalfof代表3.by+名词byaccident偶然;意外地bychance偶然地byhand手工bymistake错误地bymonth按月4.beyond+名词beyondcomparison无与伦比beyondcontrol失控beyonddescription难以描述beyonddoubt毋庸置疑beyondexpression难以表达beyond(one's)reach够不到5.in+名词inbed在床上;卧床indanger处于危险中indebt负债inhighspirits情绪高昂inneed需要帮助的inorder整齐;井然有序insurprise吃惊地introuble在困难中inuse使用中6.on+名词onatrip在旅行onbusiness出差ondisplay/show陈列;展出onduty值班onholiday/vacation在度假onsale出售onstrike罢工ontheway在途中7.out

of+名词outofbalance失去平衡outofcontrol失去控制outofdanger脱离危险outofdate过期outoforder出故障outofwork失业8.under+名词underconsideration在考虑中underconstruction在建造中undercontrol处于控制之下underdiscussion在讨论中underpressure在压力下underrepair在修理中undertreatment在治疗中对点演练•精准提升Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Ascountriesaroundtheworldtrytoimprovetheirrecyclingrates,somemaylooktoEskilstunaas

exampletofollow—aslongastheythinktheycanpersuadetheircitizenstogetbusysortingathome.

2.Thewaitersandwaitressesarealsotrainedtosupplyaseparatespoonorpairofchopsticksforthediners,andsofar,

servicehasbeenwellacceptedbythemajorityofthepublic.

3.Andhediditinsixhoursand48minutes,apersonalrecordnearlydouble

ofhispreviousfinishtime.

an

the

that

4.However,hehadnoregretsorcomplaintsaboutgivingupromanticeveningswithhiswifeordinnerswithrelativesandfriendssothathecoulddevote

(he)tocommunitywork.

5.WeChinesepeoplebelievethatonlywith

(we)ownhandscanwecreateahappyandwonderfullife.

6.Theykeeptheirbabiesathomeuntiltheyarephysicallyabletosurvive

theirown.

himself

our

on

7.Easyaccess

awiderangeofeverydaygoodsleadstoasenseofpowerlessnessinmanypeople,endingintheshoppergivingupandwalkingaway,orjustbuyinganunsuitableitemthatisnotreallywanted.

8.Becauseshewaslackingintraining,shewasafraidofmaking

exhibitionofherself.

9.(2023·广东佛山高三教学质检一)Wuadmittedthatthisishisdreamcoffeeshop,whichnotonlyserveshigh-qualitycoffeebutisalsoanexpression

hispersonality.

10.Hewasborn

Hangzhouandbroughtupbyhisgrandmainaseasidevillage.

to

anofinⅡ.微语法填空1.WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeans①______________

whichChina'spresentisconnectedwith②

(it)past.PeopleinmoderntimescanreadtheclassicworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.③

highregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersas④_______________

artform,knownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChineseculture.

①by解析

which

引导定语从句修饰先行词means,

by...means为固定搭配,

意为“通过……方式”。②its解析

空格后面为名词past,

故用形容词性物主代词its做定语。③The解析

根据后面的定语for

the

Chinese

writing

system判断,

该处需用定冠词the

表示特指。④an解析

该处an

art