大学英语英语四级练习卷及答案 (一)

大学英语四级考试

练习卷

一、阅读理解

Passage1

ThreeKindsofFatigue

Fatigueisoneofthemostcommoncomplaintsbroughttodoctors,friends,and

relatives.You'dthinkinthiseraoflabor-savingdevicesandconvenient

transportationthatfewpeoplewouldhavereasontobesotired.Butprobably

morepeoplecomplainoffatiguetodaythaninthedayswhenhaywasbaledby

handandlaundryscrubbedonawashboard.

Thecausesofmodern-dayfatiguearediverseandonlyrarelyrelatedto

excessivephysicalexertion.Therelativelyfewpeoplewhodoheavylaborall

daylongalmostnevercomplainaboutbeingtired,perhapsbecausetheyexpect

tobe.Today,physiciansreport,tirednessismorelikelyaconsequenceof

under-exertionthanofwearingyourselfdownwithover-activity.Infact,

increasedphysicalactivityisoftenprescribedasacureforloweringenergy.

Physical.Thisisthewell-knownresultofoverworkingyourmusclestothepoint

wheremetabolic（新成代谢的）wasteproducts——carbondioxideandlacticacid

（乳酸）一accumulateinourbloodandreduceyourstrength.Yourmusclescan，t

continuetoworkefficientlyinabathofthesechemicals.Physicalfatigue

isusuallyapleasanttiredness,suchasthatwhichyoumightexperienceafter

playingahardsetoftennis,choppingwood,orclimbingamountain.Thecure

issimpleandfast:Yourest,givingyourbodyachancetogetridofaccumulated

wastesandrestoremusclefuel.

Pathological（病理的）.Herefatigueisawarningsignorconsequenceofsome

underlyingphysicaldisorder,perhapsthecommoncoldorfluorsomethingmore

seriouslikediabetesorcancer.Usuallyothersymptomsbesidesfatigueare

presentthatsuggestthetruecause.

Evenafteranillnesshaspassed,you'relikelytofeeldraggedoutforaweek

ormore.Takeyourfatigueasasignaltogoslowwhileyourbodyhasachance

torecoverfullyevenifallyouhadwasacold.Pushingyourselftoresume

fullactivitytoosooncouldleadtoarelapse（旧病复发）andalmostcertainly

willprolongourperiodoffatigue.

Eventhoughillnessisnotfrequentcauseofprolongedfatigue,it'svery

importantthatitnotbeoverlooked.Therefore,anyonewhofeelsdrainedof

energyforweeksonendshouldhaveathoroughphysicalcheck-up.Butevenif

nothingshowsupasaresultofthevariousmedicaltests,thatdoesn'tmean

there'snothingwrongwithyou.

Psychological.Emotionalproblemsandconflicts,especiallydepressionand

anxiety,arebyfarthemostcommoncausesofprolongedfatigue.Fatiguemay

representadefencemechanismthatpreventsyoufromhavingtofacethetrue

causeofyourdepression,suchasthefactthatyouhateyourjob.Itisalso

yourbody;ssafetymechanismforexpressingrepressedemotionalconflicts,such

asfeelingtrappedinanungratefulroleoranunhappymarriage.Whensuch

feelingsarenotexpressedopenly,theyoftencomeoutasphysicalsymptoms,

withfatigueasoneofthemostcommonmanifestations."Manypeoplewhoare

extremelyfatigueddon'tevenknowthey'redepressed,z，Dr.Bulettesays.

"They'resobusydistractingthemselvesorjustworryingaboutbeingtiredthat

theydon'trecognizetheirdepression.”

Thereisagreatdealyoucandoonyourowntodealwithbothsevereprolonged

fatigueandthoseperiodicwashed-outfeelings.Vitaminsandtranquilizers（镇

静齐）arealmostnevertherightanswer,sleepingpillsandalcoholare

counterproductive,andcaffeineisatbestatemporarysolutionthatcan

backfirewithabuseandcauselife-disruptingsymptomsofanxiety.Instead,

youmighttry:Diet

Ifyoueatasmallbreakfastornoneatall,you'relikelytoexperience

mid-morningfatigue,theresultofadropinbloodsugar,whichyourbodyand

braindependonforenergy.Forpeakenergyinthemorning,besuretoeata

properbreakfast,lowinsugarandfairlyhighinprotein,whichwillprovide

asteadysupplyofbloodsugarthroughoutthemorning.Coffeeandadoughnut

arealmostworsethannothing,providingabriefboostandthenlettingyou

downwithathud.Exercise

Contrarytowhatyoumaythink,exerciseenhances,ratherthansaps,energy.

Regularconditioningexercises,suchasjogging,cycling,orswimming,help

youtoresistfatiguebyincreasingyourbody'sabilitytohandlemoreofa

workload.Yougettiredlessquicklybecauseyourcapabilityisgreater.

Exercisealsohasawell-recognizedtranquilizingeffect,whichhelpsyouwork

inamorerelaxedfashionandbelessdraggeddownbythetensionsofyourday.

Attheendofadayexercisecanrelieveaccumulatedtensions,giveyoumore

energyintheevening,andhelpyousleepmorerestfully.

Sleep

Ifyouknowyou'retiredbecauseyouhaven'tbeengettingenoughsleep,the

solutionissimple:Gettobedearlier.There'snorightamountofsleepfor

everyone,andgenerallysleeprequirementsdeclinewithage.Findtheamount

thatsuitsyoubest,andaimforit.Insomnia（失眠）andothersleepdisorders

shouldnotbetreatedwithsleepingpills,alcohol,ortranquilizers,which

canactuallymaketheproblemworse.Knowyourself

Trytoscheduleyourmostdifficultjobsforthetimeofdaywhenyou5reat

yourpeak.Someare"morningpeople"whotirebymid-afternoon;othersdotheir

bestworkintheevening.Don'toverextendyourself,tryingtoclimbtheladder

ofsuccessatarecordpaceortomeeteveryone'sdemandsorexpectations.Decide

whatyouwanttodoandwhatyoucanhandlecomfortably,andlearntosayno

toadditionalrequests.Recognizeyourenergycyclesandplanaccordingly.Many

womenhavealowpointpremenstrually,duringwhichtimeextrasleepmaybe

neededanddemandingactivitiesareparticularlyexhausting.,Takebreaks

Nomatterhowinterestingordemandingyouwork,you'11beabletodoitwith

morevigorifnowandagainyoustop,stretch,andchangethescenery.Instead

ofcoffeeandasweetrollonyourbreak,trymeditation,yoga,callisthenics（健

美操）,orabriskwalk.Evenrunningupanddownthestaircasecanprovide

refreshmentfromasedentary（久坐的）job.Ifyourjobisphysicallydemanding,

relaxinaquietplaceforawhile.Thedo-something-differentrulealsoapplies

tovacation;"gettingawayfromitall"foraweekortwoorlongercanbehighly

revitalizing,helpingyoutoputthingsinperspectiveandenablingyoutotake

yourjobmoreinstrideuponyourreturn.

1.Accordingtothepassage,itishardforpeopletofindcausesoftiredness

whentheyareleadingacomfortableandconvenientlife.

2.Causesofcertaintypesoffatiguearediscussedandsomesuggestionsare

putforwardinthepassage.

3.Mostpeopledon'twanttotalkabouttheirunhappyfeelingswithothers.

4.Physicalfatigueisgoodbecauseitbringsusalotofpleasure.

5.Psychologicalfatigueisthelikelyresponseofourbodytoemotional

problemsandconflicts.

6.Coffeeandadoughnutmakethesatisfyingbreakfastastheyprovidepeople

withthedesiredenergy.

7.Whenyouhaveaprolongedfatigue,itisnecessarytohaveathorough

physicalcheck­

upevenifthereisnothingwrongwithyou.

8.Nomatterhowinterestingordemandingyourwork,youneedto.

9.Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthattheauthor'sattitudestowardsthe

approachtodealingwithmodern-fatigueis.

10.Accordingtophysicians，report,tirednessmoreprobablyresults

from.

Passage2

IntheUnitedStates,itisnot11totelephonesomeoneveryearlyinthemorning.

Ifyoutelephonehimearlyintheday,whileheisshavingorhavingbreakfast,

thetimeofthecallshowsthatthematterisveryimportantandrequires

immediateattention.Thesamemeaningisattachedtotelephonecallsmadeafter

11:00p.m..Ifsomeonereceivesacallduringsleepinghours,he12it's

amatteroflifeanddeath.Thetimechosenforthecall13itsimportance.

In14life,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A.,gueststend

tofeeltheyarenothighlyregardedifthe15toadinnerpartyisextended

onlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.

Inotherareasoftheworld,itmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointment

toofarin16becauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekaway

tendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsofthe

world.Thus,misunderstandings17betweenpeoplefromculturesthattreattime

differently.

Promptnessisvalued18inAmericanlife,forexample.Ifpeoplearenotprompt,

theymayberegardedasimpoliteornotfullyresponsible.IntheU.S.noone

wouldthinkofkeepingabusiness19waitingforanhour,itwouldbetooimpolite.

Apersonwhois5minuteslateis20tomakeashort

apology.Ifheislessthan5minuteslate,hewillsaya

fewwordsofexplanation,thoughperhapshewillnotcompletethesentence.

A.highlyB.engagemeC.customaryD.social

nt

E.informF.invitatiG.advanceH.absence

on

I.J.associatK.expectedL.assumes

heavilye

M.N.arise0.communica

habitualtes

Passage3

Atthecloseofeachbusinessday,mosttrainedteachers,administrators,

politicians,andstatesmenmakeobjectiveanalysesofallthathastranspired.

Theythencarefullyevaluateperformanceintheachievementofcertain

specifiedobjectives.You,asastudent,wouldbewisetoadoptthesamepractice

andreflectuponyourperformanceinrelatingtotheachievementofcertain

personalandeducationalobjectives.

First,whatwasyourpurpose,yourmotivationalforceinseekingan

education?Didyouseekaneducationinactiveperformance,ordidyouseek

tobeeducatedinpassivereceptionandautomaticacquisition（获取）of

informationthatwasfedtoyou?Wastheprofitmotiveyourprimarymotivation

forobtaininganeducation?Doyouwantabettereducationforthesolepurpose

ofgettingabetterjob?Whatdoestheeducationalprocessreallymeantoyou?

Wearepartofaworldinwhichmenthrilltothetouchofgoldandhearts

respondtothewordmoneyinsteadofbeingthrilledbythethoughtofgood.

Wefiveinaworldinwhichwearetaughtthatthepursuitofhappinessisan

equationforthemostrapidacquisitionofmoney,bywhatevermeans.

Ifprofitandmoneyareyourfirstpriorities,andcompassionandcommitment

topeopleyourleastconcern,youhavedonelittleotherthanaccumulatesome

factsandcompilesomeinformationforfuturereference.Ifmakingmoneyis

yourdaydreamandlosingmoneyyournightmare,ifpovertyisyourworstfear

andmakingmoneyyourmostferventprayer,youhavemissedtheopportunityfor

education.YouhavefailedyourselfandhaveonlyreceivedNomeinstruction.

21..Thispassagesuggeststhatstudentsshould.

A.assesstheiraimsforlearningB.learnmoretoearnmore

C.evaluatetheirpoliticiansandstatesmenD.keepknowledgetothemselves

22.Theeducationalprocedureshouldbeoneinwhichthestudent.

A.doeswhatheistold

B.getsabettereducationtogetabetterjob

C.makesprinciplesofeducationforself-bettermentoftheiraims

D.approachesthebenefitsofbeingwell-off

23.Theauthorseemstofeelthat.

A.people（swelfareshouldbethechiefconcerninlearning

B.profithasnothingtodowithpeople

C.povertyisgoodforthesoul

D.knowledgeisnotthemainobjectiveforlearning

24.Agoodtitlefortheselectionmightbe.

A.TheBenefitofEducation

B.EducationMotivation一ProgressorProfit

C.Self-Education

D.ProfitandMoney

25.Theword"nightmare"inthelastparagraphisnearestinmeaning

to.

A.averybaddreamB.unhappiness

C.sleeplessnessD.ahazard

toyourhealth

Passage4

Whenweanalyzethesaltsalinity（盐浓度）ofoceanwaters,wefindthatitvaries

onlyslightlyfromplacetoplace.Nevertheless,someofthesesmallchanges

areimportant.Therearethreebasicprocessesthatcauseachangeinoceanic

salinity.Oneoftheseisthesubtractionofwaterfromtheoceanbymeansof

evaporation.Inthismanner,thesalinityisincreased,sincethesaltstays

behind.Ifthisiscarriedtotheextreme,ofcourse,whitesaltwouldbeleft

behind;this,bytheway,ishowmuchofthetablesaltweuseisactually

obtained.

Theoppositeofevaporationisprecipitation,suchasrain,bywhichwateris

addedtotheocean.Heretheoceanisbeingdiluted（稀释）sothatthesalinity

isdecreased.Thismayoccurinareasofhighrainfallorincoastalregions

whereriversflowintotheocean.Thussalinitymaybeincreasedbythe

subtractionofwaterbyevaporation,ordecreasedbytheadditionoffreshwater

byprecipitation.

Normally,inhotregionswherethesunisverystrong,theoceansalinityis

somewhathigherthanitisinotherpartsoftheworldwherethereisnotas

muchevaporation.Similarly,incoastalregionswhereriversdilutethesea,

salinityissomewhatlowerthaninotheroceanicareas.

Athirdprocessbywhichsalinitymaybealteredisassociatedwiththeformation

andmeltingofseaice.Whenseawaterisfrozen,thedissolvedmaterialsare

leftbehind..Inthismanner,seawaterdirectlybeneathfreshlyformedseaice

hasahighersalinitythanitdidbeforetheiceappeared.Ofcourse,whenthis

icemelts,itwilltendtodecreasethesalinityofthesurroundingwater.

IntheWeddellSea,thedensestwaterintheoceanisformedasaresultof

thisfreezingprocess,whichincreasesthesalinityofcoldwater.Thisheavy

watersinksandisfoundinthedeeperportionoftheoceansoftheworld.

26.Thispassagemainlytellsusabout.

A.theanalysisofthesalinityofoceanwaters

B.thecausesofthevariationinoceanicsalinity

C.theimportanceofthechangesinoceanicsalinity

D.thedifferentformsofsaltsinoceanwaters

27.Itcanbeknownfromthepassagethatincreaseinthesalinityofocean

wateriscaused

by.

A.meltingofseaiceB.precipitation

C.evaporationD.supplement

ofsalt

28.Whichofthefollowingisnotthecauseofthedecreaseintheoceanic

salinity?

A.Precipitation.B.Rainand

snow.

C.Formationofice.D.Additionof

waterbyrivers.

29.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Oceanicsalinityhasgreateffectonsealife.

B.Manyfactorscombinetocausechangesinoceanicsalinity.

C.Themovementofthewaterisrelatedtotheamountofsalt.

D.Thetemperatureofthewaterhasmuchtodowiththeoceanicsalinity.

30.ThepurposeofmentioningtheWeddellSeais.

A.togiveanexampleofcold-watersalinity

B.topointoutthelocationofdeepwaters

C.tomakeacomparisonbetweenhot-watersalinityandcold-watersalinity

D.toshowthatthewaterintheWeddellSeavariesinsalinityfromplaceto

place

二、完型填空

完型填空(一)

Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasic

strengthsandweaknesses.Successor(1)inyourworkwoulddepend,to(2)great

extent,(3)yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebest

advantage.(4)theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Aperson(5)beginsa

jobconvincedthatheisn'tgoingtolikeitoris(6)thatheisgoingto

ailisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheother

hand,apersonwhoissecure(7)hisbeliefthatheisprobablyascapable(8)

doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattempt

(9)itpossessesacertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewill

dowell.(10)theprerequisiteskillsforaparticularjobisstrength.Lacking

thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abook-keeperwhocan'taddoracarpenter

whocan，tcutastraightlinewithasaw(ll)hopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeen

designedtohelpyoucapitalize(12)thestrengthandovercomethe(13)that

youbringtothejoboflearning.Butinsgroupstomeasureyourdevelopment,

youmustfirst(14)-stockofswheresyoustandnow.(15)-wegetfurther

alonginthebook,we'11be(16)-insomedetailwithspecificprocesses

fordevelopingandstrengthening(17)-skills.However,(18)-beginwith,

youshouldpause(19)-examineyourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthree

areasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your(20)一，

yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.

1.A.improvementB.victoryC.failureD.achievement

2.A.aB.theC.someD.certain

3.A.inB.onC.ofD.to

4.A.OutofB.OfC.ToD.Into

5.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.which

6.A.ensureB.certainC.sureD.surely

7.A.ontoB.onC.offD.in

8.A.toB.atC.ofD.for

9.A.nearB.onC.byD.at

10.A.HaveB.HadC.HavingD.Hadbeen

11.A.beingB.beenC.areD.is

12.A.exceptB.butC.forD.on

13.A.ideaB.weaknessC.strengthD.advantage

14.A.makeB.takeC.doD.give

15.A.asB.tillC.overD.out

16.A.dealB.dealtC.bedealtD.dealing

17.A.learntB.learnedC.learningD.learn

18.A.aroundB.toC.fromD.beside

19.A.toB.ontoC.intoD.with

20.A.intelligenceB.workC.attitudeD.weakness

完型填空（二）

Therocketengine,withitssteadyroarlikethatofawaterfallora

thunderstorm,isanimpressivesymbolofthenewspaceage.Rocketengineshave

1powerfulenoughtoshootastronauts2theearth'sgravitationalpulland

3themonthemoon.Wehavenowbecome4space.Impressiveandcomplex5itmay

appear,therocket,whichwas6inChinaover800years7,isarelatively

simpledevice.Fuelthatis8intherocketenginechanges9gas.Thehotand

rapidly10gasmustescape,butitcandosoonly11anopeningthat12backwar

D.Asthegasis13withgreatforce,it14therocketinthe15direction.Like

thekickofagun16itisfired,it17thelawsofnature18bySirIsaac

Newtonwhenhediscoveredthat"19everyaction,thereis20equalandopposite

reaction.”

1.A.shownB.beenC.appearedD.proved

2.A.againstB.despiteC.beyondD.from

3.A.sendB.landC.takeD.carry

4.A.travelersB.astronautsC.researchersD.explorers

5.A.thatB.soC.asD.sometimes

6.A.madeB.discoveredC.developedD.invented

7.A.inadvanceB.beforeC.earlierD.ago

8.A.roundB.containedC.storedD.burned

9.A.asB.intoC.forD.the

10.A.heatingB.escapingC.expandingD.conducting

11.A.inB.atC.byD.through

12.A.turnsB.goesC.facesD.directs

13.A.transmittedB.dispersedC.erectedD.radiated

14.A.attractsB.leadsC.pullsD.pushes

15.A.sameB.otherC.oppositeD.wrong

16.A.thatB.whenC.ifD.although

17.A.statesB.provesC.followsD.breaks

18.A.describedB.discussedC.consideredD.made

19.A.likeB.asC.withD.for

20.A.noB.anC.anotherD.theCloze

三、翻译

1.电影开演半小时了。

汉译英：__________________________________________________________

2.同学们花了几天时间完成了这项工作。

汉译英：.

3.感谢告诉我这么多有关西方礼节的事情。

汉译英：________________________________________________________

4.你能告诉我哪里有好的地方吃饭吗？

汉译英：_________________________________________________________

5.他明年将开始在中国教英语。

汉译英：__________________________________________________________

参考答案：

一、阅读理解：

I.N2.Y3.NG4.N5.Y6.N7.N8.takebreaks

9.positive10.under-exertion

II.C12.L13.014.D15.F16.G17.N18.A19.J

20.K21.A22.C23.A24.B25.A26.B27.C28.C29.D

30.A

二、完型填空：

完型填空（一）

1.【答案】C本句的意思是：“成功或失败在很大程度上取决于你是否能扬长避短。”

improvement改进；victory胜利；achievement成果，成就。这三个词都不合题意，

只有C.failure"失败"最合适。

2.【答案】Atoagreatextent是固定短语，意思是“很大程度上”，符合题意。

类似的说法还有：toalargeextent,tosomeextent,toanextent,toacertain

extent,tothatextent,totheextentof…。the,some,certain都不能与great

extent搭配。

3.【答案】Bon与前面的depend构成本句谓语。

4.【答案】Bof与名词连用，表示具有某种性质，状态，做表语。置于句首，表示强

调。正常语序为：Yourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.

5.【答案】AAperson后应当是定语从句，“开始工作的那个人”。

6.【答案】C本句的意思是“如果一个刚刚开始工作的人就深信自己不会喜欢或肯定

不适应这项工作，那么阻碍他成功的缺点就暴露出来了。”or后面省略了主语he。

ensure保证；certain肯定的（只能用于It做主语的句子里）；surely确实地；

sure肯定的。

7.【答案】Dinone'sbelief相信。其它选项都不能与belief搭配。

8.【答案】Ccapableof