2021新高考英语一轮复习课时作业14必修3Astronomythescienceofthestars

课时作业14Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.阅读理解ATherearesomeplacesonearththathumanssimplycan'treach.MountErebusinAntarcticaisagoodexample.ThegreatvolcanointhecontinentoffersapotentialtreasureofancientDNAinitswalls,butthey'reofflimitstohumans.Ourlungssimplycouldn'thandlethehighlevelsofcarbondioxideinthevolcano.MountErebusandplaceslikeitarewhyNASAisbuildinganice­climbingrobotcalledIceWorm.Whileanorganizationhaddevelopedrock­climbingrobotscalledLEMURs,scientistscouldn'tfindarobotthatcanspecificallytakethechallengeofclimbingthroughice.TheIceWormleaddesigner,AaronCurtis,haswishedtherobotcouldtakethechallenge.IceWormgetsitsnamefromthewayitmovesthroughtheworld.Around1.4meterstall,therobotstandsontheicewithtwofeetthatareequippedwithsensors(传感器)．TheIceWormhadatestruninapotentiallyexplosivevolcanicenvironment.Curtissays,“Climbingwasunsuccessfulinthethicksnow.Butthetestprovedthatitsspecialdesigncouldmakeitbeveryfittobeintheice.Itclimbedtheiceforaslongasunexpectedeighthours.”Curtisalsosaystherobot“wormedslowlyupthewalllikeaninchworm”andthattheIceWormcontained“awholenewwaytomovearound”forarobot.What'sthepotentialforIceWorm?IfIceWormcouldclimbthroughawidevarietyoficyenvironmentswhiletakingsamples(样品),itcouldproveaninvaluabletoolofstudybothonearthandinspaceexploration.OnthehomeplanetitcouldexploreareaslikeMountErebus.OnafarawaymissionitcouldclimbthroughthemostfrozenareasofworldslikeEnceladusorEuropa,where50­foot­tallicymountaintopsfrightenmanylanders.“Whileusinganinchwormasinspirationmightbenewforarobot'stravels,animalinspirationforroboticmovementiswidespread.Eventinyanimals,likeinchwormsorfruitflies,cangiveengineerstheideasonleapsforwardinrobotictechnology.Perhapssomedaythemostadvancedrobotswillcatchupwithants，”saysDavidGrossman.本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一个帮助人类探索的机器人。1．WhatdoestheexampleofMountErebusreflect?A．NASA'sbigdiscoveryofsomedangerousplaces.B．Thegreatcivilizationcreatedbyhumans.C．Somevolcanoes'harmtonearbycitizens.D．Thelimitationsofourphysicalabilitytoexploretheworld.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Therearesomeplacesonearththathumanssimplycan'treach.和Thegreatvolcano...offlimitstohumans.可知，举这座火山这个例子说明人类在探索世界时身体方面的局限性。2．ThetestrunofIceWormshowsthat________.A．itcouldmoveforwardatahighspeedB．itwouldreplaceLEMURssoonerorlaterC．ithadthesensorsenablingittotakeplentyofsamplesD．itcouldhaveagoodperformanceincertaintoughenvironment答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Butthetestprovedthatitsspecialdesigncouldmakeitbeveryfittobeintheice.Itclimbedtheiceforaslongasunexpectedeighthours.可知，这款冰虫机器人能够很好地在冰面上爬行。3．WhichofthefollowingwouldDavidGrossmanagreewith?A．Thatsomeanimals'characteristicscanpromoterobotictechnology.B．ThatfuturerobotswillprobablymovelikeIceWorm.C．Thatfuturerobotswillhelpinsectssurviveinthebadenvironment.D．ThatIceWorm'sinventionshowshumans'devotiontoenvironmentalprotection.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，DavidGrossman的话说明动物的有些特点能促进机器人技术的进步。BIntoday'srapidlychangingworkplaceandemerginggigeconomy(零工经济),eachyearagrowingnumberoftopemployers—fromGoogletoIBM—aredesperatelytryingtoemploygraduatestofillopenpositions.Thoughcollegescontributemillionsofsmartgraduatestothemarketeachyear,employersstillfindithardtorecruitthepersonsmeetingtheirrequirements.AccordingtoarecentBrookings'study,we'refacinganestimated55millionjobopeningsby2020withouttheworkforcetofillthem.Thereisclearlyadisconnectbetweenwhatschoolsareofferingandwhatemployersneed,andtheskillsgapcontinuestogrowasaresult.Tofixthis,schoolsneedtodelivermorecareer(职业)pathwaystomorestudentswiththeaidofnetworktechnology,atanearlierage.Allstudents—whethertheyplantocontinuetheireducationafterhighschoolgraduationornot—shouldbeginexploringpathwaysanddevelopingtheskillsneededforin­demandcareersduringmiddleandhighschool.Alongwiththeexpansionofcareereducationtomorestudents,weneedtoreconsiderhowtodeliveritmostefficientlyandeffectively.Itisnoteconomicallyviable,_ornecessary,tobuildlargetrainingcentersfocusedonspecificcareerpathwaysineachschooldistrict.Instead,wecandevelopanationalinfrastructure(基础设施)atalowerpricethatenableseveryhighschoolstudenttohaveaccesstocareertrainingthroughonlinelearningandlocalorregionaltrainingopportunities.Thankstonewtechnologies,studentsareabletolearntechnicalskillsonline,fromanywhere.Forexample,wecanprovidestudentswithexposuretoindustryexpertsthroughliveteachingsessions,andusevirtualrealitytooffer3­Danatomy(解剖)andphysiologytoolstoaidinhealthcareeducation.Astheworkforcecontinuestodevelop,it'suptoeducatorstopreparestudentsforit.Byapplyingeducationtechnologytoanationalinfrastructure,morestudentswillhaveaheadstarttosucceedinarewardingcareer.Andmoreemployerswillfindemployeeswiththeskillstheyneed.Forthesakeofstudentsandthenationaleconomy,it'stimeforcareereducationtocatchupwiththedemandsoftoday'sworkforce.本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了：为了解决学校教育与雇主需要之间脱节的问题，学校应该借助互联网科技在中学教育阶段扩展职业教育，以满足日新月异的职场需求。4．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Avarietyofjobshavedisappearedinthebusinessworld.B．Gigeconomyhasbeeanewtrendintoday'sbusiness.C．Graduatesaredesperatelyeagertoworkforbigpanies.D．Schoolsfailtokeeppacewithworkforcedemands.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的eachyearagrowingnumberoftopemployers...personsmeetingtheirrequirements可知，尽管大学每年为市场贡献数百万毕业生，雇主们仍难以招到符合要求的人，因此第一段描述了“学校跟不上劳动力需求”这一现象。5．Whataretheschoolsadvisedtodoaccordingtothetext?A．Toencouragemorestudentstogotocollege.B．Toimprovestudents'academicperformance.C．Toraisestudents'awarenessofjobsecurity.D．Toexpandcareereducationatsecondaryeducationstage.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Tofixthis,schoolsneedto...withtheaidofnetworktechnology,atanearlierage及第三段中的Allstudents...forin­demandcareersduringmiddleandhighschool可知，学校应该在中学教育阶段扩展职业教育。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“viable”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Reliable. B．Practicable.C．Profitable. D．parable.答案：B解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Instead,wecandevelopanationalinfrastructureatalowerpricethatenables...可知，相对于成本较低的在线学习而言，作者认为建造培训中心，经济上不可行且没有必要。7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NationalInfrastructureVitaltoEconomicGrowthB．OnlineLearningAcademicallyBeneficialtoStudentsC．EducationTechnologyKeytoCareerReadinessD．CollegeEducationFundamentaltoSuccess答案：C解析：主旨大意题。综合全文，尤其是最后一段中的Byapplyingeducationtechnologyto...employeeswiththeskillstheyneed可知，文章主要论述了教育科技在中学教育阶段的职业教育的必要性，其是学生职业准备的关键。Ⅱ.七选五AfterIpletedmyhighschool,IwantedtotakeayearoffasIwasn'tsureifIreallywantedtogotouniversityandwhichmajortochoose.__1__IsignedupforRaleighInternationalExpeditionandvolunteeredinthevillageofIhanuinTanzania,whereourteamworkedonenvironmentprojects.InIhanu,ourgoalwastobuildatreenursery.__2__Wetooklocalchildrentotheprojectbase,aswellasbuildinganadditionalnurseryatthevillageschool.Thiswasreallyimportantbecauseitwillbethesechildrenwhocontinuetotakecareofthenurseryin10to15years.Iwasexcitedtomeetpeoplethathadthesameinterestsasmeininternationaldevelopmentandbeingpassionate(有激情的)aboutcreatinglastingchangeinasustainable(可持续发展的)manner.ThroughtheprojectinTanzania,Ibuiltupanumberofvaluablepersonalandprofessionalskills.__3__I'vedefinitelyformeda“cando”attitude.__4__Icansaynothingseemstoobigformenow.Meanwhile,gettingonwiththingsandbeingreallyhelpfulandseeingwherehelpisneededmademefeelquitegood.__5__IfI'dtravelledbymyself,therewouldhavebeennowayformetobeapartofthemunity.Byactuallylivingwithlocalpeople,Ilearnedtheirwaysoflifeandgainedabetterunderstandingofhowtheythinkaboutthings.A．Beforethis,IthoughtIknewalotabouttheworld.B．ButnowIknowthisisthebestthingIcouldhavedone.C．Wehopeitcanhelpteachpeopletheimportanceoftrees.D．SoIdecidedtotakeayeartoexperienceotherthingsbeforeuniversity.E．Tobespecific,theprojectpushedmetouseallmystrengthtobehelpful.F．Besides,Idevelopedastrongersenseofdirectionformyfutureoccupation.G．Thevolunteeringprojectgavemeachancetogetintotheheartofthelocalsociety.本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者参加罗利国际考察团并在坦桑尼亚的一个村庄做志愿者的经历。1．D解析：此空设于段中，与上文内容存在逻辑上的因果关系，根据上下文可知，作者在高中毕业后不确定自己是否真正地想上大学并且选择哪一门专业，因此决定在上大学之前用一年的时间来体验其他事情。2．C解析：此空设于段中，与上文内容存在逻辑上的指代关系，即it指的是上文的atreenursery。3．F解析：此空设于段尾，与上文内容存在逻辑上的递进关系，根据上下文可知，通过这个项目，作者也对自己未来的职业有了更强的方向感。4．E解析：此空设于段中，与上文内容存在逻辑上的解释关系，根据上下文可知，作者已然形成了一种“能做”的态度，具体而言，这个项目促使作者竭尽全力地帮助别人。5．G解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要在讲这项志愿项目使得作者更好地了解当地人的生活方式及他们如何考虑事物。Ⅲ.语法填空Oscar­winningBaoisaboutamomwhothinksadumplingisherbaby.Disney­Pixar'sBao,__1__(direct)byChinese­Canadiananimator(动画片制作者)DomeeShi,justtookhometheOscarforBestAnimatedShortFilm.Pixardescribestheeight­minutefilmlikethis：“AnagingChinesemom__2__(suffer)fromempty­nestsyndrome(综合症状)getsanotherchanceatmotherhoodwhenoneofherdumplingsspringstolife__3__alivelyandlovelydumplingboy.”ThefilmtalksalotaboutChineseculture.Italsospeakstothe__4__(universe)experienceofbeingamom.I__5__(full)understandthemominthefilmbecauseoftheageofmychildren,bothof__6__arenow18