英语-云南省昆明市西山区2023-2024学年高三下学期第三次教学质量检测试题和答案

西山区2024届第三次高三教学质量检测英语试题卷用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷第一节（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。ABostonAttractionsGuideBoston’sFreedomTrailStartingattheBostonCommon,buteasilypickedupatanypointalongtheway,theFreedomTrailoffershistoricalinsightintothecityanditssurroundings.With16officialstopsalongtheway,youcancheckoutone,someorallofthesitesonthisroutewherearedtrailpaintedonthesidewalkstakesyouthroughoutBoston.ADMISSIONS:FreeFenwayParkBostonfansarecrazyaboutbaseball.Askmanyandtheywillclaimitastheirreligion,andofferFenwayastheirplaceofworship.Evenifbaseballisnotyourthing,besuretocatchagameatFenwayPark,homeofthelegendaryGreenMonster.Ticketscanbehardtocomeby,soseekthemoutwellinadvance.ADMISSIONS:Adult$26;Child$13NewEnglandAquariumTheadventurebeginsbeforeyoustepfootthroughthedoor.WatchtheHarborSealsswirlaroundintheoutdoortankwhileyouwaitforyourtickets.CatchashowintheglassenclosedclassroomoverlookingBostonHarbor,andplungeyourhandsintothetouchtankwhereraysandsharksarecirclingandawaitingyourtouch.ADMISSIONS:Adult$32;Child$21BostonSymphonyOrchestraTheBostonSymphonyOrchestraisoneofthemostrespectedorchestrasintheworld.Playinghosttoavarietyofconcertsthroughouttheyear,includingtheHolidayPops,TheBostonSymphonyOrchestrawowscrowds.Historyhasbeenmadewithinthesewallswheresongslikethepopular"SleighRide"havebeencomposed.ADMISSIONS:Adult$17;Child&Senior$121．WhatcanvisitorsdoonBoston’sFreedomTrail?A．Takeredtrains.B．Touchoceanlife.C．Explorehistoricalsites.D．Enjoybaseballgames.2．WhatcanweknowaboutFenwayPark?A．Itchargesnofees.B．Itneedsadvancebooking.C．Itofferspicnicplace.D．ItoverlooksBostonHarbor.3．Whichoneshouldyouchooseifyouareamusiclover?A．FenwayPark.B．Boston’sFreedomTrail.C．NewEnglandAquarium.D．BostonSymphonyOrchestra.BRainorshine,TseringChopatreksforlonghourstodelivermail.For18years,theTibetanmailmanhasbeenavitallinkbetweentheremotetownandtherestoftheworld.At5,373metersabovesealevel,PumachangthanginNakarzecountyoftheTibetautonomousregionisChina’shighesttownship.Theoxygenlevelislessthan40percent,theannualaveragetemperature-7°Candtheaveragelifeexpectancyonly49.5years.Theareaofthetownshipisabout1,500squarekilometers.Thedistancefromthecountytownissome70kmandasingletriptoallthesixvillagescanbeaslongas160km.In2005,TseringChopabecamethefirstmailmanofhishometown.Innearlytwodecadessincehisfirstmission,hehasdeliveredoveramillionnewspapers,morethan20,000lettersand10,000-plusparcelsinPumachangthang,andhasneverbeenaccusedoffailingormixingupmail.Onenight,alocalresidentNyimaTsering’sdaughterhadfaintedanddesperatelyneededhelp.Knowingthat,themailmanarrangedforacarrightawayandsenthertothecountyhospital.Healsogavesomecashtothefamilyforthegirl’streatment.NyimaTsering’sdaughterrecoveredsoon,andTseringChopabecameanidolinthevillage.ThebusiesttimeforTseringChopaisbetweenJulyandAugusteachyear,whenstudentsarewaitingfortheiradmissionlettersfromvariousuniversities.Herecallsoncehehadtodelivermailtoonestudentwhosefamilyhadalreadymovedaway.Hehadtoaskneighborsseveraltimestofindthenewaddress.Itwassummerandtheusualroadtothevillagewasblockedbecauseofrain.Hetrekkedformorethan20kmandstruggledwithshortnessofbreathallthewaytofinallydelivertheletter.In2019,TseringChopareceivedtheChinaYouthMayFourthMedal.“ItisanacknowledgmentofwhatIdoandatokenofencouragementaswell,”hesays.“AndIwanttohelpmorepeoplelivinginremoteareas.Iwanttobringtheworldclosertothemandtakethemclosertotheworld.”4．Whatdoesthedatainparagraph2imply?A．TheachievementsTseringChopahasgottenasapostman.B．ThedisastersTseringChopaexperiencedinhischildhood.C．ThecontributionsTseringChopahasmadeforhishometown.D．ThechallengesforTseringChopatodelivermailinPumachangthang.5．HowdidTseringChopahelpNyimaTsering’sdaughter?A．Bydonatingacartoherfamily.B．Bymakingherhospitalizedintime.C．Bylendingmoneytoherfamily.D．Byperforminganoperationforher.6．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTseringChopa?A．Selflessanddetermined.B．Braveandconfident.C．Optimisticandhumorous.D．Creativeandgenerous.7．WhydidTseringChopadevotehimselftodeliveringmail?A．Towinrespectandadmirationformthevillagers.B．Toimprovethelivingconditionsofhishometown.C．Tofurtherlinkhishometowntotherestoftheworld.D．Toencouragemorepoorstudentstogotouniversities.CUsingCRISPRgenome（基因组）editingonafewcommoncrops,ateamofplantandsoilscientistsseekstogreatlyincreaseandspeedupcarbonstoragetohelpfightclimatechange.Topreventdangerouslevelsofglobalwarming,scientistssayitwon’tbeenoughtojuststopburningfossilfuelsthatreleasecarbonintotheair.Becauseit’snearlyimpossibleforhumanitytodothatasfastasisnowrequired,wewillalsoneedtopullcarbonoutoftheairandsecureit.Plantsareamongthebesttoolswehavetodothis,sincetheselivingsolarcollectorsalreadycapturebillionsoftonsofcarbondioxideeachyearfromtheatmospherethroughphotosynthesis（光合作用）.Abouthalfofthatcarbonwindsupinrootsandeventuallythesoil,whereitcanstayforhundredstothousandsofyears.Butwhatifwecouldcreateplantsandsoilsthatarebetteratcapturingcarbon?WithCRISPRgenomeediting—anewmolecular（分子的）biologytoolthatallowsscientiststomakeeditstotheDNAcodethatunderpinsalllife—thatmightbepossible.Lastmonth,theInnovativeGenomicsInstitute（IGI）,aresearchteamfoundedbyCRISPRpioneerJenniferDoudna,begantoexploretheidea.Withan$11-milliondonationfromtheChanZuckerbergInitiative,ateamofresearchersmadeathree-yeareffortusingCRISPRtocreatenewcropvarietiesthatphotosynthesizemoreefficientlyandtransportmorecarbonintothesoil.Eventually,theresearchershopetocreategene-editedriceandsorghumseedsthatcould—ifplantedaroundtheglobe---pullmorethanabillionextratonsofcarbonoutoftheairannually.It’sanambitiousgoal,andtheteamislikelytofacenumerouschallengesinthelabbeforeitsCO2-cleaningplantscanbeputintheground.Additionalsocial,policy,andethicalconsiderationswilldeterminewhetherthosecropsarewidelyacceptedbyfarmers.Buttheresearchersbelievetheirambitiousprojectisbeneficialtocopewithclimatecrisis.8．WhatisthepurposeofusingCRISPRgenomeeditingoncrops?A．Toimprovesoilstructure.B．Toincreasecarbonstorage.C．Tocreatenewcropvarieties.D．Tohelpfightclimatechange.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“capture”inparagraph3mean?A．Mix.B．Release.C．Absorb.D．Grab.10．Whatcanbeinferredfromthistext?A．CO2-cleaningplantscanbeputinthegroundnow.B．Itisstillunknownwhethergene-editedcropswillbeaccepted.C．Researchershavesuccessfullycreatedgene-editedriceandsorghumseeds.D．CRISPRgenomeeditingwillfacesomanychallengesthatithasnofuture.11．Whatistheresearchers’attitudetothegene-editedcrops?A．Hopeful.B．Doubtful.C．Indifferent.D．Negative.DForgettingnames,faces,oreventsisauniversalhumanexperience;eventhosewhoseetheirmindssharpstrugglewithmemorylossfromtimetotime.Mostconsiderthesementalmistakestobeannoyed,andthey’reseenasapotentiallyworrisomesignofcognitive（认知的）decline.ButneurologistScottSmall,whostudiesandtreatsAlzheimer’sdisease（老年痴呆）atColumbiaUniversity,thinksthisviewofforgettingisallwrong.Infact,someamountofforgetfulnessiscriticalforourmindsandrelationshipstofunctionattheirbest.We’redevelopingdrugstoprotectagainstmemoryloss.Butmanypsychologistshavejokedthatwhattheywantisaforgetfulnessdrug.Toomuchmemoryposesachallengeinanylong-termrelationship.Anger,hatred—theyallcomefromnotbeingabletoletgoofemotionalmemories.Peoplewhorepeatedlythinkofangerorfearsuffer,ofteninloneliness.Livinginanoisy,ever-changingworld,forgettingdetailsisactuallyaperfectadaptation.Creativityisn’tmakingsomethingoutofnothing.It’smakingconnectionsbetweenalready-knownelements—ideas,words,visuals,orexpressions—tocreatesomethingnew.Buttomakenewconnections,theexistingconnectionsinyourmindhavetobeloose.Iftheconnectionsbetweenthoseelementsaretootightlyboundinourmemory,there’snoroomforcreativity.Whatcanwedotohelpourbrainsforgetwhatweneedtoforget?Oneofthebestwaystomakesurethatyoudon’thaveabrainthat’sburningtoo.hotwithbadmemoriesistostaysociallyengaged.Anotherthingtodoistosleep,andsleepwell.Manyexpertshaveconcludedthatwesleepinordertoforget,soitmakessensethatsleephasbeenshowntoimprovecreativity.Ifyou’reshortofsleep,yourbrainisonfirewithtoomanymemories.Thebrainislikealawnofgrass—youneedtokeepittrimmed（修剪）tomakewayfornewmemories,newconnections,andnewgrowth.12．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thedamageofcognitivedecline.B．Theimportanceofforgettingthings.C．Thereasonsofgettingmentaldisease.D．Themethodsofpreventingmemoryloss.13．Whyistheforgetfulnessdrugneeded?A．Becausevariouspressuremakesussleepless.B．Becausesomepatientsforgetimportantthings.C．Becausetoomuchmemorydisturbsandbothersus.D．BecausemanyseniorssufferfromAlzheimer’sdisease.14．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Toomuchmemoryblocksourcreativity.B．Ourbraincanadapttoever-changingworld.C．Sleepingwellcontributestoimprovedattention.D．Badmemoryhasterribleimpactonoursociallife.15．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Abookreview.B．Anadvertisement.C．Asciencefiction.D．Anewsreport.第二节（共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。TheSpotlightEffectHaveyoueverfeltasiftheentireworldwaswatchingwhileyoumadeamistake?Well,here’ssomegoodnews:it’slikelythatnooneevennoticed. 16Wehavethisexperiencenotonlywhenwemakemistakesbutalsowhenweperformwell.Everytimewedosomethingthatisalittledifferentfromwhatweusuallydo,wemayassumethateveryonearounduswillnotice.Thespotlighteffectmighthappenwhenwemakeamistakeinagame,haveabadhairday,orgiveaterribleanswerinclass.17Inthesemoments,itfeelslikeeveryoneiswatching.Thespotlighteffectexistsbecauseweallgetusedtoseeingthingsthroughourowneyes.Everypersonisthemaincharacterinhisorherstory,andtheeventsofourlivesseemtohavegreatimportance.18Thespotlighteffectisaverycommonpartofthehumanexperience.However,insomecases,itcanleadtoextremesocialanxietyandnervousnessaroundotherpeople.Everyonesufferssomedegreeofsocialanxiety.Weallcareaboutwhatothersthink,andweallwanttobeliked.It’snormaltowonderaboutwhateffectwehaveonotherpeople.19Ifsomeoneissonervousthattheycan’tmakegooddecisions,thenit’stimetotakeactionandimprovethesituation.Learningaboutthespotlighteffectisimportantbecauseitcanhelpusreduceouranxiety.Nexttimeyoufeellikeeveryoneisstaringatyou,remindyourselfthatit’sjustyourmindplayingtricksonyou.20Ifyoufillyourmindwiththoughtsofyourfriendsandfamily,itwillhelpyoubelessself-conscious.A．However,thiscanbeaproblemwhentheanxietyistoomuchtohandle.B．That’swhyfewerpeoplenoticetheembarrassingcircumstancestheyencounter.C．Anothergoodexerciseistomakeanefforttonoticethepeoplearoundyou,ratherthanfocusingonyourself.D．Thespotlighteffectisatrickofthemindthatmakesusbelievethatpeoplenoticeusmoreoftenthantheyreallydo.E．Whatyoucandoatthismomentistoignorethem.F．Wearesobusyexaminingourselvesthatweactuallyobserveverylittleabouteveryonearoundus.G．Itcanalsoappearwhenwescoreabiggoal,asksomeoneonadate,ordoagooddeed.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。NeverdoIrealizeithasbeensolongsincemyfatherleftus.Ihaveoftenthoughtwhata21worlditwouldbewithoutchildren;andwhatacruelworldwithoutthe22.Myfatherwasaverywarmand23man,quicktolendahandtoanyonewhoneededit.Ialways24myfatheranddeeplyadmiredhiswaywithpeople.Hewasinacarecenterforyearsaftersufferingaseriesofdiseasesthatimpactedhisabilitytowalkandcausedhis25tobeslowandnotclear.It26meverymuchtoseehimthere,andwetriedtovisithimseveraltimesamonth.Mytoddlerdaughter,Kelsey,readstoriestohim,andhelaylisteningasher27ranwild,pretendingtoreadwordsfromthebookssheheldinhertinyhands.Theylovedeachotherdearly,andhewasher“Papa.”KelseywasonlyfouryearsoldwhenDaddied.Iwas28forweeks,andKelseytriedtocomfortme.Oftentimesshecriedwithmeortriedinsomewaytomakemefeelbetter.Nothinghelped.Ineededmy29onthisEarth,andsometimesmyheart30sobadlythatIthoughtitmightbebrokenbecauseofsadness.WhilewewerepreparingforThanksgiving,IheardKelseytalkingtoherdaddy.TheywerechattingaboutPapaandhowhehadgoneto31andwasnowwatchingoverus.Shesaidinthesweetestvoice,“Daddy,sinceMamadoesn’thaveadaddyanymore,doyouthinkyoucouldjust32yourswithher?”Isighedinrelief,burstingintotears.Fromthatdayon,mysadness33.IknewmyfatherhadgivenKelseygiftsofcare,kindnessand34forothers.Hewould35forever,inher.21．A．curiousB．disastrousC．addictiveD．specific22．A．experiencedB．teenagedC．agedD．young23．A．caringB．attractiveC．optimisticD．outgoing24．A．lookedbackonB．lookeddownonC．lookeduptoD．lookedoutfor25．A．tongueB．breathC．strengthD．speech26．A．painedB．struckC．frightenedD．cracked27．A．wordsB．storiesC．contentsD．imagination28．A．heartbrokenB．frightenedC．annoyedD．calm29．A．grandfatherB．fatherC．daughterD．husband30．A．hitB．beatC．poundedD．ached31．A．heavenB．hospitalC．homeD．center32．A．compareB．impressC．shareD．exchange33．A．revivedB．easedC．advancedD．quit34．A．admirationB．concernC．appreciationD．behavior35．A．relyonB．reflectonC．focusonD．liveon第二节（共10题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。FromLondon’sTrafalgarSquaretomajorcitiesacrossBritain,tensofthousandsofBritishpeoplehavejoinedChinesecommunities36（welcome）thearrivaloftheChineseNewYear.InManchestertherewasaDragonParade,37（lead）byaverybreathtaking54-meterlongdragon,endinginChinatown38peoplecouldenjoyawiderangeofChinesefoodandenjoyaspectacularfireworksshow.39（celebrate）alsotookplaceinLiverpool,Birmingham,LakeDistrict,Durham,Edinburgh,LeedsandNewcastle.AcademicDr.WuKegangsaid,“TheChineseNewYeareventinBritainisnow40（impress）thaneveranditisgrowingeveryyear”.OnarrivalinBritain26yearsagofromGuangdong,southChina,41firstthingWunoticedwasthatChineseNewYearwascelebrated42（main）intownsandcitieswithbigChinesecommunities.“YouwouldgotoLondonChinatownandjoinyourcountrymentocelebrate,43toChinatownsinplaceslikeLiverpoolandManchesterforeventsalmostonlyheldforChinesepeople,”Wurecalled.“44isdifferentnow,isthatweareseeinglocalcommunitiesalloverthecountrytakingpartalongsidetheirownChinesepopulations,”hesaid.“ItiscleartomethattheeventwillcontinuetogrowinBritainwhereChineseNewYear45（earn）itsplaceinthecalendarofeventssofar.”第一节（满分15分）46．近年来，我国旅游业发展日新月异，但是许多景区的环境却被严重污染，触目惊心。假如你是李华，寒假期间你目睹了许多游客的不文明行为，为了改善你家乡的景区环境，请你以“HowtoBeaCivilizedTourist”为题写一篇短文。注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。HowtoBeaCivilizedTourist_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节（满分25分）47．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Whatdoesitmeantobeahero?Ithinkaheroissomeonewhogoesoutofhiswaytomakeothershappy.MyheroisMr.Wright,mychorus（合唱队）teacher.WhenIwas12yearsold,mygrandparentspassedaway.Iwasreallyclosetothem,andlosingthemwasthehardestthingI’veeverhadtogothrough.Icouldn’teat,sleep,orthink;IfeltlikeIcouldn’tevenbreathe.Itwasasifmywholeworldhadfallendownfromunderme,andIfellintothishugeholeofdepression（抑郁）.AlthoughIwasbattlingdepression,Iwasdeterminedtomakemyhighschoolyearsthebestofmylife.Itwasdifficulttobehappy,butIhadtotry.IjoinedWomen’sChoir.Mr.Wrightwasthechoraldirectorandhewassofunnythatthefirstday,IjustknewIhadmadethebestdecisionofmylife.Ast