2024届新高考英语热点冲刺复习构词法

2024届新高考英语热点冲刺复习构词法Word-formationWord-formation合成法派生法转化法newspaperblackboardhomesickpineapple观察下面单词，看一看他们有什么特点？

由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起。Compounding(合成法)从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.suitnewfirsttroublebestbabyoveremptycasesellerclassbornhandedeatsitfreesuitcae

行李箱bestseller畅销书firstclass一流的newborn新生儿overeat吃得过多babysit临时照顾troublefree无故障的empty-handed空手而归1.myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout____inEnglish.—Youcanwrite______passageinEnglish.A.600words；a600-wordsB.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-wordD.600words；a600-words2.Canadaismainlyan________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken(1)由“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。*sister­in­law→sisters­in­law*passer­by→passers­by*looker­on→lookers­on(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。*awomanteacher→womenteachers*amandoctor→mendoctorsuncomfortableun-comfort前缀词根-able后缀Derivation(派生法)

派生法，即在词根上加如前缀或后缀，从而构成新词，词根是单词的组基本部分，前缀和后缀有一定的含义或功能，有助于推测新词词义。否定前缀un-

unfriendly不公平的

不拥挤的不可思议的，难以置信的不同寻常的

不幸运的

unfairuncrowdedunbelievableunusualunlucky/unfortunately否定前缀in-

incorrect非正式的不昂贵的不方便的

inconvenientinformalinexpensive否定前缀im-

impossible不礼貌的不合适的没有耐心的

impoliteimproperimpatient否定前缀dis-

disagree劣势，不利条件不诚实的消失disadvantagedishonestdisappear名词后缀-or/er

从事某种职业的人演员参观者导演歌手赛跑者司机工人actorvisitordirectorsingerrunnerdriverworker-ist

人艺术家科学家游客恐怖分子artistscientisttouristterroist名词后缀-tion

表示动作、状态邀请吸引人口发音invitationattractionpopulationpronunciation思考：你还知道其他常见的名词后缀吗？---ment---ity---ness---ship---tude---ure---ology...enjoymentabilityhappinessfriendshipattitudeadventurepsychology形容词后缀-ful

成功的美丽的多彩的极好的successfulbeautifulcolorfulwonderful形容词后缀-y

有趣的健康的多云的有风的funnyhealthycloudywindy形容词后缀-ing

令人无聊的有趣的令人兴奋的杰出的boringinterestingexcitingoutstanding-ed

惊讶的平衡的放松的有天赋的形容词后缀-able能够舒服的令人难忘的comfortableunforgettable形容词后缀-less没有、无

无家可归的无助的粗心的homelesshelplesscareless形容词后缀-ly

友好的friendlylovely,likely,deadly,lively,lonely,orderly,daily,manly,weekly...副词后缀-ly

通常地最终可能地真正地usuallyfinallypossiblyreallyWhenshesawtheheavyrain,shesaid“It’srainingheavily”.Shecoveredherheadwithherschoolbagandheadedhome.名词动词名词动词Conversion（转化法）

即一个单词由一种词性转变为另一种或几种词性，词形不变。转换后的词义通常可以通过原词义推断出来。1.动词转化为名词（1）Theyweretalkingwitheachother.

Ithinkwe’dbetterfinishthetalknow.（2）HelookedasidewhenIspoketohim.

Let’shavealookfirst.（3）Haveyoubookedtheticket？What’sthenameofthebook？v.谈话n.谈话v.看n.看v.预定n.书2.名词转化为动词(1)Putyour

hand

upifyouknowtheanswer.

pleasehand

thelettertome.(2)Thesickchildrenarewelltakencareofbythedoctorsandnurses.

Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.(3)Theybeginbreakfastatseven.

Webreakfastedtogether.n.手v.递给v.照料，护理n.护士n.早餐v.吃早餐Heisabettermanthanhisfather.

Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.3.形容词转化为动词adj.更好的v.改善LastFriday,AmywaspresentatJo