新教材高中北师大版英语选择性必修1学案Unit2PartⅡLesson1MoneyvsSuccess

PartⅡLesson1MoneyvsSuccess【学习目标】话题语境人与自我生命的意义和价值之探讨课时词汇symbol,fortune,appreciate,hunger常用短语giveaway,geton,dreamup,betiredof,beregardedas,dieof,dropout重点句式(1)way后接定语的用法(2)that引导的同位语从句(3)while的用法(4)动词不定式作表语单词巧练写准记牢Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________________adj.内疚的，羞愧的2．________________n.饥饿，饥荒3．________________vt.欣赏；赏识4．________________n.家具5．________________n.寝室，学生宿舍6．________________adj.最后的，最终的7．________________n.象征，标志8．________________n.教授Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．We'veallbeen________(羞愧的)ofselfishnessatsometimeinourlives.2．Theorganisationworkstofightagainstworld________(饥饿)anddisease.3．Hesoldthehousetogetherwiththe________(家具)．4．Iwould________(感激)itifyoupayincash.5．Someschoolscalltheird________bylettersofthealphabet.6．Ifyouru________goalistobeanEnglishteacher,thenwhatyoushoulddoisstudyEnglishwell.7．Whitehasalwaysbeenas________ofpurityinWesterncultures.8．Heisachemistryp________atShandongUniversity.Ⅲ.阅读本课内容，翻译相关短语1．退出，脱离；辍学________________2．发迹；出人头地________________3．死于________________4．数百万的________________5．捐赠________________6．被看作________________7．厌倦________________8．放弃________________9．照顾________________10．抛弃；背弃________________11．挣钱________________12．担心________________13．凭空想出，虚构出________________14．……的象征________________►第一版块：重点单词1.symboln[C]象征；标志(教材P30)Foralotofpeople,beingamillionaireisasymbolofsuccessandtheysetthisastheirultimategoal.对很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，他们把它当作自己的终极目标。asymbolof……的象征thesymbolfor……的符号theOlympicsymbol奥林匹克标志thechemicalsymbol化学符号易混辨析symbol指符号、象征、标志等，常表示某种有深远寓意的事物signal指为某一目的而有意识地发出的信号sign表示“记号，符号”时，同symbol；表示“指示，标志”时，侧重指用图形、文字等表达的内容；另外还可指“征兆，迹象”mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意识地做的标记，又可指自然而然形成的标志或有别于其他事物的特征。也可用于指“分数，成绩”典型例句：(1)Youshouldpayattentiontotrafficsigns.你应该注意交通标志。(2)Thereisn'tasignoflifeintheplace.那地方没有生命迹象。(3)Agreenlightisasignaltopass.绿灯是通行的信号。(4)Adoveisthesymbolofpeace.鸽子是和平的象征。(5)$isthesymbolofdollar.$是美元的符号。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Whatisthechemicalsymbol________copper?②Gold,likeinanyotherculture,wasalwaysasymbol________wealth.用symbol,signal,sign和mark的适当形式填空③AllIgetisabusy________wheneverIdialhisnumber.④Thereisno________ofhisgettingoverhisillnessinashorttime.⑤Acodeuses________toreplacewords,phrasesorsentences.⑥Roger'shorsehasawhite________onitshead.2.fortunen．[C]大笔的钱，巨款；命运[U]运气；机遇(教材P30)Sixteenyearsago,Jasonwasacollegeprofessorwithahugesix­bedroomhouseandafortuneoftwomilliondollars.16年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一栋有6间卧室的大房子和200万美元的财产。makea/one'sfortune发财tryone'sfortune碰运气seekone'sfortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界❶Sheinheritedafortunefromhergrandmother.她从祖母那里继承了一大笔财产。❷Thefilmfollowsthefortunesoftwowomen.这部电影讲述了两个女人的命运。❸Ihavehadthegoodfortunetoworkwithsomebrilliantdirectors.我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。❹Ifyoucandiscoveramarketneed,youcanmakeafortune.如果你能发现市场需求，你就能赚大钱。❺Theyaregoingtotrytheirfortuneoncemore.他们想再碰一次运气。❻Fifteenyearsago,thegovernmentofficialquittedhisjobafterdecidingtoseekhisfortunebymakingstickyricewine.15年前，这位政府官员在决定靠制作糯米酒来发财之后，辞去了他的工作。知识拓展：①misfortunen．[c，u]不幸；灾难②fortunateadj.幸运的[反]unfortunateadj.不幸的Iconsidermyselffortunatetohavehadsuchagoodeducation.我认为自己很幸运，受过这么好的教育。③fortunatelyadv.幸运地[反]unfortunatelyadv.不幸地Fortunately，wegothomebeforeitstartedtorain.幸运的是，我们在下雨之前回到了家。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Redisa________(fortune)colourinChineseculture.②Afirebrokeoutyesterday,but________(fortune),noonewashurt.③________(fortune),hisfatherdied,leavinghisfamilyworseoff.④Shemade________bigfortunefromwiseinvestment(投资)．3.appreciatev．欣赏；赏识；感激(教材P31)ButJasonappreciatesthischange.但是詹森感谢有这样的变化。(1)appreciatedoingsth.对做某事感激appreciatesb.doingsth.感激某人做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……，我将不胜感激。(2)appreciationn.[U]欣赏，赏识；感激；[U，sing.]理解，体谅inappreciationof...感谢……(3)appreciativeadj.感激的，感谢的；欣赏的，赏识的❶Iappreciateyourgenerosityinthematter.我很欣赏你在这件事上表现出来的宽大胸怀。❷Somepeople,especiallyolderones,appreciateathank­youmessage.有些人，尤其是年纪较大的人，喜欢收到感谢信。❸Wewouldappreciateyoulettingusknowofanyproblems.如有任何问题，请告诉我们。❹I'dappreciateitverymuchifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.如果你能早点回复，我将非常感激。❺Sheshowslittleappreciationofgoodmusic.她感受不到美好音乐的妙处。❻Pleaseacceptthisgiftinappreciationofallyou'vedoneforus.感谢你为我们所做的一切，请收下这件礼物。❼Shehadnoappreciationofthedifficultieswefaced.她没有体谅到我们所面临的困难。❽Thankssomuchforyourhelp,Ireallyappreciateit.Yourteachingmethodhelpschildrentodeveloptheabilitytoappreciatepoetryandliterature.Wordsfailtoexpressmyappreciationtoyou.非常感谢你的帮助，我不胜感激。你的教学方法帮助孩子们培养了鉴赏诗歌和文学作品的能力。语言无法表达我对你的感激之情。名师点津：①appreciate表“感激”时，后接事物或动作行为；thank后接人。②appreciate表“感激，欣赏”时，后不直接跟宾语从句，需要先用it作形式宾语，再接从句。类似的动词还有like，dislike，hate等。③可用deeply，highly，(very)much等表示程度的副词(短语)修饰appreciate。④appreciate后面不能接不定式。⑤appreciate不用于进行时。它表示“感谢”时，常接“事”作宾语，与thank刚好相反，thank常构成“thanksb.forsth.(因某事而感谢某人)”结构。试比较：Igreatlyappreciateyourhelp.我十分感谢你的帮助。Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.非常感谢你的帮助。⑥vt.理解，意识到，领会Hedidn'tfullyappreciatethesignificanceofsigningthecontract.他没有完全理解签署这份合同的意义。[即学即练]选择下列句子中appreciate的含义/单句语法填空①Justlikeme,mosttouristswillstopheretoappreciatethewonderfulview.()②Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarming(乔迁聚会)thereisn'talotoffoodserved.()③Thosewhoaremiddle­agedcanappreciatetheimportanceofgoodhealth.()A．tobegratefulforsth.thatsb.hasdoneB．tounderstandthatsth.istrueC．torecognizethegoodqualitiesofsb./sth.④I'dappreciate________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousetheexpressiononcemoreandIalwaysappreciateyou________(help)mewithmyEnglishinthepast.⑤Iappreciate________(give)theopportunitytoworkinyourpany.⑥Inthisletter,Iwouldliketoconveymysincere________(appreciate)toyouforyourhelp.4．hunger(1)n.[U]饥饿，饥荒(2)n.[sing.](对某事物的)渴求，渴望vi.渴望(教材P31)Afewyearsago,Iwasamillionaire,butIknewmillionsofpeoplediedofhungereveryyear,andtherewereplaceswithnoschoolsandnoteachers.几年前，我是百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿，而且有些地方没有学校和老师。ahungerforsth.对某事物的渴望haveahungertodo...渴望做……hungerfor/after...渴望得到/渴求……❶Thereishungerinmanypartsoftheworld，eveninrichcountries.世界上很多地方，甚至在富有的国家里，都存在饥荒。❷Nothingseemedtosatisfytheirhungerfortruth.似乎没有什么能满足他们对真理的渴求。❸Helookedatthecakeandyoucouldseehewasreallyhungeringforit.他看着蛋糕，你可以看出他非常渴望得到它。归纳拓展：(1)hungryadj.饥饿的；渴望得到……的(2)表示“渴望(做)某事”的其他说法还有：longforsth.bekeenonsth.haveadesire/anurgeforsth.long/desiretodosth.beeager/anxious/greedy/thirsty/desperate/dyingforsth.haveanurge/adesiretodosth.beeager/anxious/desperate/dying/keentodosth.[即学即练]1．单句语法填空①Althoughhehadahunger________success,lackofworkexperienceledtohisfailure.②Ihaveahunger________(find)ajobinthecitysothatIcansupportmyself.③Ourfoodisrunningout,sowemustgetsomebeforewego________(hunger)．④Finally,theyarrivedhome,________(hunger)andtired.⑤Itisapparentthattheprisonerstherearehungry________equalrights.2．结合hunger的用法完成句子⑥Thewholeworld________________(渴望和平)．►第二版块：重点短语1.giveaway赠送；泄露(秘密)；输掉；暴露(教材P31)Hemadethechoicetogiveallhismoneyaway.他选择将他所有的钱捐出去。givein屈服；让步；交(作业、考卷等)giveoff发出(气味、光、热等)giveout用尽(不用于被动语态)；分发；宣布；公布(常用于被动语态)❶Theoldmanwassonicethathedecidedtogiveawaymostofhismoneytothesociety.这位老人如此善良以至于他决定把他的大部分钱都捐给社会。❷Iwillnevergiveyoursecretsawayagain.我绝不会再泄露你的秘密。❸Wouldtheygiveawaytheirchancetowinthegame?他们会失去赢得比赛的机会吗？❹Ipressedmyparentsuntiltheyfinallygaveinandregisteredmeforskatingclasses.我不断劝说父母，直到他们最终让步，给我报了滑冰班。❺PleasegiveyourworkinbeforeMonday.请在周一之前把作业交上来。❻Firefliesgiveoffflashesoflightwhentheyflyatnight.萤火虫夜间飞行时发出闪光。❼Afteramonththeirfoodsupplygaveout.一个月后，他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。❽Theteachersgaveouttheexampapers.老师分发了试卷。❾Theresultsoftheexamwon'tbegivenout.这次考试的成绩将不会被公布。give搭配拓展：(1)givesth.over停止；抛弃(习惯)如：giveovercrying别哭了giveoveramodeoflife放弃某种生活方式(2)give...overto...把……托付给……givethekeysovertosb.把钥匙托付给某人保管(3)giveoneselfoverto...放任自己……，沉溺于……Hegavehimselfovertodrinking.他酗酒。(4)giveup放弃；认输；献出；供出；泄漏[即学即练]单句语法填空①Bodylanguagecangive________alotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.②Whatshallweuseforpowerwhenalltheoilintheworldhasgiven________？③Thestovegives________alotofheat.④Wemustgohomenow.Ourmoneyhasgiven________.⑤FinallyIgave________andacceptedthejobontheirterms.⑥Wegave________twogoalsinthefirsthalf.2.geton取得成功；出人头地；进展；相处(教材P31)Theydidn'thavethechancetolearnandgetoninlife.他们没有接受教育和开启新生活的机会。getalong/on(with...)(与……)相处融洽；进展getabout/around四处走动；流传getacross(使)被理解getawayfrom摆脱(困难或不愉快的事，或某种限制)getdownto(doing)sth.开始(做)某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事getover解决；克服；从(疾病或不愉快的经历中)恢复getthrough顺利通过(考试)；(用)联系上；完成(工作)；(使某人)熬过(困难时期)❶Lily'sgettingonverywellinEnglish.Shelearnsveryquickly.莉莉的英语很有起色，她学得非常快。❷Theyseemtogetalongwitheachother.他俩好像相处得不错。❸You'llfindthismapofgreatvalueinhelpingyoutogetaroundinLondon.你会发现这张地图对帮助你在伦敦四处走走很有价值。❹Ihavecreatedanewwaytogetmymessageacross.我想了个新方法让大家理解我想表达的意思。❺Shewantedtogetawayfromthetraditionalideasofwhattheatreisabout.她想摆脱关于戏剧是什么的一些传统观念。❻It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。❼Youwillgetovertheillnessmorequicklyifyourelax.如果你放松一下，你会更快战胜这个疾病的。❽Ittookhimyearstogetovertheshockofhiswife'sdeath.他妻子去世后数年他才从打击中恢复过来。❾Itriedtocallherbutcouldn'tgetthrough.我试图给她打，但就是打不通。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))Idon'tknowhowwe'regoingtogetthroughthewinter.我不知道我们如何熬过这个冬天。知识拓展：(1)haveachancetodosth.有机会做某事＝haveachanceofdoingsth.＝haveachanceforsth.＝haveanopportunitytodosth.＝haveanopportunityofdoingsth.＝haveanopportunityfor(doing)sth.(2)takeachance冒险；碰运气I'lltakeachanceoffindinghimathome.我要去试试是否能在家里找到他。takeanopportunity利用机会Itakeanopportunityofthankingyou.我趁此机会向你表示感谢。(3)Thereisanopportunity/chancethat...有可能……e．g.Hehasachanceeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ofsuccess,tosucceed)).＝Hehasanopportunityeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ofsuccess,tosucceed)).＝Thereisachance/anopportunitythathewillsucceed.[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Shegot________herexamswithouttoomuchtrouble.②Wewalkedtothenextbeachtogetaway________thecrowds.Therewerefewerpeoplethere.③Imustgetdown________bookingthehotels.④Wetriedtogetouridea________，buthejustwouldn'tlisten.⑤这位老人极难相处。Theoldmanwasextremelydifficultto__________________________________.⑥是他们的爱帮助我熬过了前几个月的困难时期。Itwastheirlovethat________________________________thosefirstdifficultmonths.⑦我得了流感，很久才好起来。It'stakenmeagesto________________________________theflu.3.dropout不再参加，退出，脱离；退学，辍学(教材P31)JasonHarleydecidedtodropoutofthiskindoflifestyle,andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree.詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。dropoutn.[C]退学者，辍学者ahigh­school/collegedropout中学辍学者/大学肄业生❶Ifyoudecidetodosomething，neverdropouthalfway.你如果决定做某事，就不要半途而废。❷Hehasdroppedoutoftheactivitiesheldbythisclub.他已不再参加这个俱乐部举办的活动。❸WhenIwastwenty,Ihadtodropoutandworkinacafétohelpsupportmyfamily.注意：dropout是不及物短语动词，常单独使用，如后接宾语，则需加介词of。二十岁时，我不得不辍学，去一家咖啡馆工作来帮助养家。❹Sallydroppedoutofschoolforsomeunknownreason.不知何故，萨莉退学了。知识拓展：dropone'seyes垂下双眼dropone'sguard丧失警惕dropanenemywitheveryshot一枪打倒一个敌人dropone'svoice放低声音dropahint漏口风dropsb.aline给某人写封信dropaletter漏掉一个字母letthematterdrop别再提这件事dropabrick〈口〉失言，做错事droparound串门dropaway(数量等)减少(价值等)降低dropoff睡着；(价值等)降低；(数量等)减少；掉下去，落下去dropout退出；隐居dropover〈口〉顺便访问[即学即练]1．判断下列句子中dropout的含义①John,theeldestoftheeightchildren,hadtodropoutattheageof16tohelphisfather.____________②Notbeingcontentwiththejudge,threeplayersdroppedoutofthematch.____________2．完成句子③Hehadinjuredhislegandhadto____________(退出)therace.④Teenagerswho____________highschool(辍学)havetroubleinfindingjobs.⑤Ashepickedupthepurse,themoney____________(掉落出来)．⑥Thewordhasvirtually____________(脱离)oflanguagetoday.4.be/feelguiltyabout...与beguiltyof...(教材P31)ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguiltybeingarichmanwithoutdoinganything.这让我非常担心，作为一位什么也不干的富人，我感到非常内疚。(1)guiltyadj.感到惭愧的，感到内疚的be/feelguiltyabout...对……感到内疚(2)beguiltyof...犯有……罪❶Isawmysisteringoutoftheroomwithaguiltylookonherface.我看见妹妹脸上带着内疚的神情从房间出来。❷Ifeelreallyguiltyaboutnothavingwrittentoyouforsolong.这么长时间没给你写信，我感到十分内疚。❸Whenfacedwiththehardevidencehehadtoadmitthathewasguilty.在确凿的证据面前他只得承认他有罪。❹Accordingtotherecord,hewasguiltyofputercrimesinthepast.根据记录，他过去有过计算机犯罪。词语联想：guiltn．内疚；负罪感guiltlessadj.清白的，无辜的guilt­riddenadj.充满负罪感的aguilt­riddenheart一颗负疚的心guiltyadj.内疚的，有罪的[即学即练]单句语法填空/完成句子①Havingconsideredallthesolidevidence,thecourtfoundhimnot________(guilt)．②Istillfeelguilty________thingsIsaidtomymotherwhenIwasateenager.③Whiletherewasnoobviousevidence,mostpeoplethoughtthemanwasguilty________stealingsomejewelryfromtheshop.④我和我的孩子们在一起的时间太少，对此我感到内疚。I________________________________solittletimewithmychildren.►第三版块：典型句式1.way后接定语的用法(教材P30)Theyspendhalfoftheirtimedreamingupwaysofgettingrichandachievingthesuccesstheyexpect,andtherestoftheirtimethinkingaboutallthethingstheywilldooncetheybeerich.他们花一半时间想象各种致富和实现他们期望的成功的方法，其余的时间则用来思考一旦变得富有他们将要做的事情。way意为“方式；方法”时，其后常接三种形式的定语：定语形式含义不定式a/thewaytodosth.去做某事的方式、方法动名词a/thewayofdoingsth.做某事的方式、方法定语从句theway(that/inwhich)……的方式、方法❶AsfarasI'mconcerned,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeep/ofkeepingawayfromthedanger.在我看来，只有一种可能的方法可以远离危险。❷Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeaks.我不喜欢他说话的方式。英语表达“方式、方法”的词语及常见搭配(1)way方法；方式常见搭配：one'swayofdoingsth.某人做某事的方法one'swayoflife.某人的生活方式(2)method方法；办法withthismethod用这种方法(3)measure方法措施takeameasure采取措施(4)means方法；手段(单复数同)Bythismeanscantheyachievetheirgoal.用这种手段他们能够实现目标。[即学即练]单句语法填空/单句写作①Sincethenfindingways________(grow)morepeanutshasbeenhislifegoal.②Thereareusuallyatleasttwowaysof________(look)ateveryquestion.③Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway________hesaidit.④政府正在努力寻找提高食品安全的方法。________________________________________________________________________⑤冷冻不失为一种保存食物的好方法。________________________________________________________________________⑥科技极大地改变了我们的生活方式。________________________________________________________________________2.that引导同位语从句(教材P30)TherearecertainlynosignsthatJasonisarichandsuccessfulman!的确没有迹象表明詹森是一个富有且成功的人！同位语从句一般位于news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词所表示的具体内容。that引导的同位语从句中，that不作成分，无实际意义，一般不省略。特别注意that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：①定语从句中的that既指代先行词，又同时在从句中作某个成分；而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。②定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。❶ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwillgoabroadnextyear.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(news后的that引导定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)❷ThenewsthatTomwillgoabroadistoldbyhim.汤姆将出国的消息是他说的。(news后的that引导同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分)名师提醒：有些表示“建议(suggestion;proposal;advice)，命令(order)，要求(demand;requirement)，重要(importance)，必要(necessity)”等名词的同位语从句的谓语要用“(should)＋动词原形”形式。如：(1)Englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe(should)makegooduseofeverychancetospeakEnglish.英语老师们建议我们充分利用每个机会说英语。(2)Therequirementthatstudents(should)learntoprotectthemselvesissuccessfullycarriedoutinmostschools.学生必须学会保护自己，这一要求在大多数学校都能顺利实施。[即学即练]单句语法填空①Informationhasbeenputforward________moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.②Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.Thisistheinformation________hasbeenputforward.③Iwantmychildrentobeabletoseizeeveryopportunity________theyget.④Thenews________shehadresignedtookeveryonebysurprise.3.并列连词while连接的并列分句(教材P31)Hewastiredofbeingregardedaslivingasuccessfullife,asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing.他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活，被认为拥有一切而很多人一无所有。betiredof厌倦……；讨厌……HeistiredoflearningEnglish.他厌倦了学英语。(1)while作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示转折、对比，意为“而；然而”。(2)while作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时；在……期间”，此时从句谓语动词只能用延续性动词。(3)while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”。(4)while作名词，意为“一段时间；一会儿”。❶Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverthepast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.在过去25年中，玉米的产量猛增了将近125%，而水稻的产量只增加了7%。❷Susantalkedtouswhileshewasplayingputergames.苏珊一边同我们说话，一边玩电脑游戏。❸Whilehehasshortings,Istilllikehim.尽管他有缺点，我还是喜欢他。❹Hestayedinmyofficeforashortwhileandthenleft.他在我办公室待了一小会儿然后就走了。[即学即练]翻译句子(体会while的含义)①FatherwascleaningthecarwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.________________________________________________________________________②Whilehewasverytired,theteacherleftthedormitoryonlywhenallhisstudentswereasleep.________________________________________________________________________③Ilikeswimming,whilemysisterlikessinging.________________________________________________________________________4.what引导的名词性从句/动词不定式短语作表语(教材P31)WhatIwantistolivesimplyandbehelpfultoothers.我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。(1)此句中WhatIwant为What引导的主语从句，What在从句中作宾语；(2)动词不定式tolivesimplyandbehelpfultoothers在句中作表语。(1)what引导名词性从句①当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。②what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示“……的东西/样子/事情等”；二是它在相应的名词性从句中一定作成分，常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。❶Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.他在会上说的话使在场的每个人都很惊讶。(What引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语)❷Asurveyshowspeopleareconfusedaboutwhattheyshouldeattostayhealthy.一项调查显示，人们对应该吃什么来保持健康感到困惑。(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作宾语)❸Lifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyou'rebusymakingotherplans.生活就是你在忙于制订其他计划时发生的事情。(what引导表语从句，并在从句中作主语)❹Ihavenoideawhatweshoulddonext.我不知道下一步我们该干什么。(what引导同位语从句，并在从句中作宾语)(2)动词不定式短语作表语动词不定式作表语一般表示目的或主语的性质等，时间上有将来含义。❺WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建议是立刻开始工作。❻Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture.他的愿望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。不定式作表语时，若主语为all或为what引导的从句，且从句中出现了do的某种形式时，不定式的to可省略。Whathewantedtodowas(to)beeaskilfulworker.他想做的是成为一名技巧熟练的工人。如果主语从句中没有出现实意动词do的某种形式，不定式符号to则不可省略。如：WhatIwanttotellhimistosendthepatienttohospitalatonce.我想告诉他的是立即送病人去医院。(主语部分无实意动词do)WhatheaskedusiswhethertogotoHainanislandforsightseeing.他问我们是否去海南观光。[即学即练]1．判断下列句子中what引导的从句类型①Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.____________②Studyinghistorycangiveusinsight(洞察力)intowhyourculturedoescertainthings,andhowthepasthasshapeditintowhatweknownow.____________③Whatisknowntousisthattobaccocontainsnicotine(尼古丁)andotherharmfulsubstance,soyoushouldgiveupsmoking.____________④Doyouhaveanyideawhatisactuallygoingonintheclassroom？____________2．单句写作⑤我的梦想是有一天去看长城。________________________________________________________________________⑥她今天下午的工作就是照看这个婴儿。________________________________________________________________________⑦我今天必须要做的事情是完成这项任务。________________________________________________________________________[词语积累]①symbol/'sɪmbl/n．[C]象征；符号【词链】symbol(n.)→symbolize(vt.象征)→symbolic(adj.象征性的)→symbolically(adv.象征性地)②set...as...把……设置为③ultimate/'ʌltɪmət/adj.最终的，终极的，最后的ultimategoal最终目标④dreamup凭空想出，虚构出Hewouldneverdreamupacrazyplanlikethatonhisown.他绝不可能独自凭空想出那么个疯狂的计划。⑤thesenseofsuccess成功感thesenseofachievement成就感⑥wealthy/'welθi/adj.富裕的，富有的wealth/welθ/n.[U]财富；富有；[sing.]大量⑦turnone'sbackon抛弃，背弃Don'tturnyourbackonpurchasesfromsecond­handstores.不要小看从旧货店买来的东西。⑧professor/prə'fesə(r)/n．[C]教授⑨fortune/'fɔːtʃuːn/n．[C]大笔的钱，巨款；(个人的)命运；[U]机会，运气makea/one'sfortune发财havethegood/badfortunetodo...有幸/不幸做……seekone'sfortune寻找成功致富之路eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))dormitory/'dɔːmətri/n．[C]集体宿舍，学生宿舍⑪second­handfurniture二手家具second­handadj.旧的，二手的，用过的furniture/'fɜːnɪtʃə(r)/n．[U]家具apieceoffurniture一件家具【拓展】furnish/'fɜːnɪʃ/vt.布置家具；供应，提供⑫charity/'tʃærəti/n．[C]慈善机构；[U]慈善charityshopn．慈善商店(通过出售捐赠的衣物等募集慈善资金)⑬appreciate/ə'priːʃieɪt/vt.欣赏，赏识；感激appreciation/əˌpriːʃi'eɪʃn/n．[U]欣赏；感激⑭betiredof...对……感到厌倦⑮beregardedas...被认为是……⑯giveaway赠送⑰hunger/'hʌŋgə(r)/n．[U]饥饿，饥荒⑱guilty/'gɪlti/adj.内疚的；犯罪的guilt/gɪlt/n．[U]内疚；有罪⑲banknote纸币，钞票(＝note)⑳fortably/'kʌmftəbli/adv.舒服地，舒适地，安逸地【词链】fort(vt.安慰)→fortable(adj.使人舒服的)→fortably(adv.)eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))earnvt.&vi.挣得，赚得；vt.赢得earnmoney＝makemoneyeq\o(○,\s\up1(22))dropout退出，脱离；退学eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))measure/'meʒə/vt.衡量；测量n．[sing.]尺度，标准；[C]措施，方法AngelaJohnsoninterviewsex­millionaireJasonHarleyForalotofpeople，beingamillionaire【1】isasymbol①ofsuccessandtheysetthisas②theirultimate③goal.Theyspendhalfoftheirtimedreamingup④waysofgettingrichandachievingthesuccesstheyexpect，andtherestoftheirtimethinkingaboutallthethingstheywilldooncetheybeerich【2】.Butdoallmillionairesgetthesenseofsuccess⑤theywerelookingforaftertheyachievetheirgoals?Somecontinuetoworryaboutmoneywhentheybeemillionaires—theyworkedhardtobeewealthy⑥，butthentheyneedtocontinuemakingmoneysotheydon'tlosethesenseofsuccesstheyhaveachieved.However,therearepeoplewhohaveturnedtheirbackson⑦theirmillionsandfoundotherformsofsuccessintheirlives.JasonHarleyisoneexample.【1】beingamillionaire是v.­ing短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。【2】halfoftheirtime和therestoftheirtime作spend的并列宾语；dreamingup...expect作第一个time后省略的in的宾语。thinkingabout...rich作第二个time后省略的in的宾语。theyexpect和theywilldo都为省略关系词的定语从句，分别修饰先行词success和things。oncetheybeerich为once引导的条件状语从句，once在此作连词用，意为“一旦……”。Sixteenyearsago,Jasonwasacollegeprofessor⑧withahugesix­bedroomhouseandafortune⑨oftwomilliondollars.Todayhelivesinasmalldormitory⑩roomwithonlysecond­handfurniture⑪.TherearecertainlynosignsthatJasonisarichandsuccessfulman【3】！Thereisasmallgardenoutsidewithafewfruittrees,whichJasonenjoystakingcareof【4】.Healsogrowssomevegetablesandafewflowers.Hegetshisclothesandalotofotherthingsfromcharity⑫shops.【3】thatJasonisarichandsuccessfulman为that引导的同位语从句，作signs的同位语。【4】whichJasonenjoystakingcareof是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词fruittrees，which在从句中作takingcareof的宾语。ButJasonappreciates⑬thischange.Heispleasedtogiveupthelifestyleofarichman.Hewastiredof⑭beingregardedas⑮livingasuccessfullife,asapersonwhohadeverythingwhilemanypeoplehadnothing【5】.Hemadethechoicetogiveallhismoneyaway⑯【6】.Andthis,hesaid,broughthimhappinessandasenseofsuccessinlife.【5】as与前面的regarded连用，意为“作为”；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词person；while在此意为“而，然而”。【6】togiveallhismoneyaway修饰前面的名词choice，作后置定语。“Idon'tneedalotofmoney.Idon'twanttobuymorethings.Ihaveenough，”saidJason.“WhatIwantistolivesimplyandbehelpfultoothers【7】.Afewyearsago,Iwasamillionaire,butIknewmillionsofpeoplediedofhunger⑰everyyear,andtherewereplaceswithnoschoolsandnoteachers.Somanypeoplecouldnevergotoschool.Theydidn'thavethechancetolearnandgetoninlife.ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguilty⑱beingarichmanwithoutdoinganything.”【7】WhatIwant是What引导的主语从句：tolivesimplyandbehelpfultoothers是并列的不定式短语作表语。behelpful前省略to。Thereforehegaveawayallhismoneytocharities.Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars【8】，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotes⑲tohomelesspeopleinthestreetsoflocalareas.“ItwasakindofsatisfactionandarealsenseofsuccessthatIhadneverfeltbefore【9】，”saidJason.“Sure,manypeoplethinkthat‘success’meanshavingmillionsinthebankorawell­paidjob.ButIthinkmysenseofachievementesfromhelpingothersandfindingtruemeaninginlife.”【8】Whenever在此意为“每当”，引导时间状语从句。【9】that在此引导定语从句，修饰前面两个并列的先行词。that在从句中作表语。Mostpeoplebelievewhentheyarelivingfortably⑳andearningenoughmoney,theywillhavenoworries.However,mostpeopleneverfeeltheyhaveearnedeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))enough.JasonHarleydecidedtodropouteq\o(○,\s\up1(22))ofthiskindoflifestyle,andhediscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymadehimfree【10】.Arethereanythingshemissesfromhispast?“No,I'mmuchhappiernow,becauseIamlivingaccordingtomyvalues.Successisnotmeasuredeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))byhowmuchmoneyyouhavebutbyhowyouunderstandthetruemeaningoflife【11】．”【10】that在此引导宾语从句；其中havingonlyalittlemoney是v.­ing短语作主语。【11】该句是“not...but...”结构，意为“不是……而是……”，两个介词by后接各自的宾语从句。“not...but...”连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。安吉拉·约翰逊采访前百万富翁詹森·哈利对于很多人来说，成为百万富翁是成功的象征，并且他们将此作为最终目标。他们花一半时间想象发财和达到他们期望的成功的方法，另一半时间则用来考虑一旦发了财他们都会干什么。但是，所有的百万富翁们都在实现目标后获得所寻求的成功感了吗？有些人成为百万富翁后继续担心金钱问题——他们努力工作，变得富有，但接下来他们需要继续赚钱，这样才不会丧失已经获得的成功感。然而有些人却放弃了他们的百万财富，找到了人生中其他形式的成功。詹森·哈利就是一个例子。16年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一套带有6间卧室的大房子和200万美元的财富。现在他住在一间只有二手家具的小宿舍里。毫无疑问，没有迹象表明詹森是一个富有且成功的人！房子外面有一个小花园，种了几棵果树，詹森喜欢侍弄它们。他还种了一些蔬菜和花。他从慈善商店买衣服和许多其他的东西。但是詹森喜欢这种变化。他很高兴能放弃富人的生活方式。他厌倦了过别人眼中成功的生活——在很多人一无所有的时候自己却拥有一切。他决定把自己的钱财都捐赠出去。他说这给他的生活带来了快乐和成功感。“我不需要很多钱，也不想买更多的东西。我拥有的够多了，”詹森说。“我想要简单地生活并能帮助别人。几年前，我是百万富翁，但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿，而且有些地方没有学校和老师。因此很多人永远不能上学，他们没有学习和出人头地的机会。这让我非常担心，作为一位什么也不干的富人，我感到非常内疚。”因此，他把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。每当他的钱超过2000美元时，他就会给当地街头无家可归的人赠送小额钞票。“这是一种我从未感受过的满足和真正的成功感，”詹森说。“当然，很多人认为‘成功’意味着有数百万银行存款或高薪的工作。但我认为我的成就感来自帮助他人并找到生活真正的意义。”大多数人相信，当他们生活舒适并赚到足够的钱时，他们就可以高枕无忧了。但是，大多数人从未觉得自己赚够了。詹森·哈利决定放弃这种生活方式，他发现只拥有少量的金钱使他获得了自由。和过去相比，他错过了什么吗？“不，现在我更开心，因为我依照自己的价值观生活。衡量成功与否不在于有多少金钱，而在于如何理解生命的真正意义。”Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)1．Whetherheisinnocentorg________isadecisionthatwillbemadewhenthecaseisheardinthecourt.2．Duringcollegedays,d________aretheimportantplaceswherecollegestudentsliveandstudy.3．Orangetreesaremorethandecoration;theyareas________ofgoodfortuneandwealth.4．Theproblemofworldh________isahardnuttocrack.I'mafraidthatscientistsneedtoputinmoreeffortstoraisetheoutputofthecrops.5．Chinaweledanda________(欣赏)theleadingroleandgreateffortsoftheUNinaddressingclimatechange.6．The________(终极的)goaloftheshowistohelpspreadChina'scookingculturetooverseaspeople.7．Afterpaintedandfurnishedwith________(家具),thehousewillbeusedasanursery.8．Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofmunicationwith________(教授)isveryimportant.9．Sittingdown________(舒适地),thetwomenkill